• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.171-179
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• 2017

Purpose: We conducted comparative analysis of dietary behavior and food and nutrient intakes of Korean elderly in urban and rural areas using the 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: This study was conducted on 1,239 participants (urban elderly: 867, rural elderly: 372) aged 65 years and over who participated in the health examination and nutrition survey in the 6th 2014 KNHANES. Dietary behaviors, including skipping meals, eating out frequencies, and food and nutrient intakes were analyzed using 24-hour recall data. Analysis of complex sample design data through SPSS 19.0 was used for the analysis. Results: The rate of skipping dinner was higher in urban (6.5%) than in rural elderly (3.6%) (p < 0.05), and the frequency of eating out per week of urban elderly (1.73) was higher than that of rural elderly (1.35) (p < 0.001). The rural elderly consumed a greater amount of grain compared to urban elderly, whereas consumption of water, seaweed food, and dairy products was lower in rural than in urban areas (p < 0.05). The rural elderly consumed significantly less highly unsaturated fatty acids, n-6 fatty acids, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, carotene, niacin, and vitamin C in comparison with elderly in urban areas. Comparison of the percentages of Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) between the two groups showed that intakes of vitamin A and vitamin C were significantly lower in the rural elderly than in urban elderly. Conclusion: The elderly in rural areas showed unbalanced food and nutrient intakes compared to the elderly in urban areas. Therefore, customized nutrition education according to residential areas should be developed and provided to rural elderly to improve their health and nutritional status.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.120-130
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• 2002

This study was attempted to identify and compare in developing a health promotion program for extending healthy life expectancy of the middle-aged women and protecting health of women in the vulnerable class by comparing and researching life-style and actual conditions of health for the middle-aged women in rural and urban areas. Subjects of this study were 160 middle-aged urban women in Seoul city and chongju city and 155 middle-aged rural women in rural community goisangun. For collecting data, questionnaire was performed with structured questionnaires was used to know their actual conditions of health and life-style. Findings of this study were as follows. 1. In comparing life-style of the urban middle- aged women with the rural community, the percentage of regularly checked-up were higer urban women (46.4%) than the rural women (35%); women who have not checked up were 21.3% and 11.4% in the rural community and cities respectively, but it had a statistically significant difference (p=0.009). For the types of checkup, the rate of uterine cancer checkup than that of breast cancer self-examination or cholesterol test was higher both in the rural community(75.6%) and cities(77.4%). 2. The results of comparing actual conditions of the middle-aged women in the rural urban area were as follows; the recognition of health of the urban women was 'Very healthy (7.2%),' 'Healthy (35.5%),' 'Moderate (46.5%),' and 'Not healthy (10.3%), while the recognition of the rural women was 'Very healthy (2.5%),' 'Healthy (30.0%),' 'Moderate (36.3%),' and 'Not healthy (30.6%)'. These results showed a statistically significant difference (p=.000). Women having any problems in health were 48.1% and 36.8% in the rural and the urban respectively and it had a statistically significant difference (p=.042). For the most of health problems, arthritis accounted for 29.4% in the rural community and arthritis and constipation accounted for 21.3% in the urban. According to findings of this study, it can be concluded that rural women had more health problems, felt they were not healthy themselves and were checked up regularly less than the urban women, and their health care was poor. Therefore, more effective nursing intervention plans should be designed to enhance the performance level of health promotion for rural women.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.55
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• pp.5-30
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• 2017

This study aims to analyze the influence of network of elderly with his or her non cohabiting children on their depression and its regional differences between urban and rural areas. The analysis is based on the sample of 1,609 elderly of 65 and above (1,011 Urban residents and 598 Rural residents) from the third time span(year 2010) to the fifth time span(year 2014) collected by the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing, whose research conducted by Korea Employment Information Service. First, it is found that rural elderly are more likely to suffer from depression than urban elderly. Second, it is found that rural elderly have on average a bigger number of non cohabiting children in their network, whereas geographical proximity and frequency in meeting, and economic support is stronger upon urban elderly. Third, urban elderly tend to suffer from depression as the frequency of phone calls with their non cohabiting children increases with time, and as the frequency of meeting and relationship satisfaction is decreases with time, whereas rural elderly tend to suffer from depression as their geographical proximity with their non cohabiting children is decreases with time. Based on the results of this analysis, this study further suggests practical policy interventions to prevent elderly depression.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2022

In this study, we distinguished urban and rural areas in Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, grasped the characteristics of those areas, and investigated the depression-related factors in Naju-si based on this. This study used Community Health Survey data from 2017 to 2019. To investigate the factors affecting the depression in Naju-si local residents, the odds ratio was calculated using a complex sample logistic regression model. As a result of confirming the factors affecting the prevalence of depression in Naju-si residents, the risk of depression was significantly higher at 1.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-2.50) for women, 2.14 (95% CI, 1.20-3.83) for recipients of basic livelihoods, 2.35 (95% CI, 1.46-3.79) for those who did not practice walking, and 2.00 (95% CI, 1.23-3.26) for those who slept less than 5 hours. It is necessary to select high-risk groups as a regional-specific project to resolve the mental health disparities in Naju-si and to intervene in early depression prevention through support for mental health support services.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.175-185
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• 1995

This study is to compare family support and mental health between the rural and the urban elderly. In order to do that I collected the data through questioning 238 people in 3 urban areas in Busan and 201 people in 9 rural areas near Daegu. The degree of their family support is 36.70 on the average in the rural area and 40.77 in the urban area. The degree of family support of urban elderly is a little higher. According to general characters between the differences of family support in both areas, in the rural area there are differences in sex, age, whether they have a spouse or not, education level, financial state, number of children, number of co living, status of co living, subjective health status, amount of pocket money and how much they are participating in leisure activity. In the urban area there are differences in sex, whether they have a spouse or not, religion, financial state, number of co living, status of co living, subjective health status, amount of pocket money, how much they are participating in leisure activity and house pattern. In the stepwise multiple regression analysis the main variables that affect degree of family support in the rural area are age, whether they have a spouse or not and financial state which account for 33% of the total variance and in the urban area are subjective health status, financial state, whether they have a spouse or not and number of co-living which account for 35%. Health status is better in the urban area(average 36.87) than in the rural area(57.42). In each item the people whose mark was more than 75%(low) have Depression 8.4%, Somatization 8.0% in the urban area and Somatization 8.5%, Depression 8.5%, Anxiety 4.0%, Phobic anxiety 4.0%, Obsessive compulsive reaction 2.5%, Hostility 2.0%, Paranoid ideation 2.0%, Psychoticism 1.5% and Interpersonal sensitivity 1.5% in the rural area. In the mental health condition, on the basis of 4 points in both areas, the average is Somatization(rural : 1.69, urban : 1.51), Depression (rural : 1.64, urban : 1.37) and Obsessive compulsive reaction(rural : 1.33, urban : 0.99). According to the differences between mental health conditions by general characters, in the rural area the differences are presented in sex, age, whether they have a spouse or not, religion, education level, financial state, number of children, status of co living, subjective health status, amount of pocket money and how much they are participating in leisure activity, in the urban area the differences are presented in sex, whether they have a spouse or not, religion, financial state, number of co living, status of co living, subjective health status, house pattern, amount of pocket money and how much they are participating in leisure activity. In the stepwise multiple regression analysis the main variables that affect mental health condition in the rural are family support degree subjective health status, religion sex, age and financial state which account for 43% of the total and in the urban area are family support degree, subjective health status and financial state which account for 51%. In the matter of family support degree and mental health condition the rural area was -0.4555, of urban area was -0.6446. The rural area that has a high percentage in family support degree and mental health condition Depression was -0.5036, Psychoticism was -0.4265 in the urban area Psychoticism was -0.6452, Depression was -0.5955. Family support has a great influence on mental health of old people and family support and mental health condition can be different according to living area. So in their problems nursing intervention through family and nursing strategies according to living area should be established.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 2012

Land surface temperature (LST) is an important factor in human health, thermal environment, heat balance, global change studies, and as control for climate change. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of Urban Heat Island (UHI) Effects on the LST and NDVI in Cheongju, Korea. The aim was to evaluate the effect of urban thermal environment for LST comparison of satellite-derived and in situ measured temperature. In this study, LANDSAT TM and KOMPSAT scene were used. The results indicated that the minimum LST is observed over dense forest as about $21{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ and maximum LST is observed over industrial area of about $28{\sim}32^{\circ}C$. The estimated LST showed that industrial area, bare soils and built-up areas exhibit higher surface temperatures, while forest, water bodies, agricultural croplands, and dense vegetations have lower surface temperatures during the summer daytime. Result corroborates the fact that LST over land use/land cover (LULC) types are greatly influenced by the amount of vegetation and water bodies present. The LST of industrial area and urban center is higher than that of suburban area, so it is clearly proved that there are obvious UHIE in Cheongju.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the understanding, the perception, and the preference of Korean traditional food in 487 middle school boys and girls living in urban and rural areas. The students got 6.66/10 points in the knowledge about Korean traditional food. The girl and the student from nuclear families got significantly higher scores than the boy and the student from extended families respectively. Most of the students(95%) responded that Korean traditional food must be in succession and be developed because it suits Korean tradition of our own and our tastes. However, Korean traditional food must be improved in cooking process to more convenient way and in tastes. Especially students in urban area emphasized cooking process, and students in rural area emphasized tastes. Many students(80%) answered that the households may play the most important role in succeeding and developing Korean traditional food. Most of students(82.5%) thought that the Korean traditional food needs to be made fast food because they need to take it more easily. However, hygiene, taste and nutrition have to be considered. Pulgogi, Mandoo, Rice, Ddeokgook, Chabchae are highly preferred foods while Torantang, Mookuen-Namool, Jutgal, Jeonyoouh are poorly preferred. Some students had never tasted Shinseonro, Goocheolpan, Torantang, Chokpyun and Pyunyook.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

This study has intended to evaluate rural subjective landscape through participation of residents and visitors according to space types, and to perform comparative analysis of evaluation results between residents and visitors. This study has employed a survey method for which 58 residents of 8 villages within Seondong region at Gochang-gun and 70 visitors to Green Barley Field Festival in the target region have participated. 42 landscape view points were selected according to landscape scopes and space types, and then the preference was evaluated using landscape adjectives after showing pictures already taken for each landscape view point. This study has found the following results. First, whereas residents gave high points to natural landscape and artificial one at the historical culture areas in comparison with other landscape scopes, visitors gave them low points on the other hand. Second, visitors evaluated the cultivated area among space types of mixed landscapes with high value. Third, based on t-test for comparative analysis, the statistically significant differences of evaluation results appeared at 6 places among 8 natural landscapes, 3 places among 12 artificial landscapes, and 3 places among mixed landscapes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.90-101
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• 2002

This study was undertaken to investigate the nutrient intake, dietary behavior, perception of body image and iron deficiency of high school adolescent girls. The subjects were 463 high school girls in Inchon. This cross-sectional survey was conducted by questionnaires and data were analysed by SAS program. Nutrient intakes collected from 3 day-retails were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. The following anthropometric measurements were made on all participants height, weight, body fat (%), skinfold thirkness, subscapular skinfold thickness, mid-upper arm circumference and waist-hip circumference. Blood samples were obtained and analyzed for iron nutritional status. The mean obesity index of rural students were highest among students. However, over 18% of the urban and rural students belonged to the low-weight group. Proportions of skipping meals were most high in urban vocational students and the main reason was lack of time for meal. Most nutrient intakes of the students were below the RDA, in particular calcium, iron, vitamin A and vitamin B$_2$. Most of the students were concerned with body image and weight control. Also they were not satisfied with their body image. The mean fell hemoglobin and transferrin saturation of rural students were lowest among students. The total binding capacity of urban vocational student\ulcorner were Invest among students. Prevalence of iron deficiency was most high in urban general students when judged by Hb, MCV and serum ferritin. In conclusion, this study indicates that nutrient intake in the female high school students was considerably lower than RDA. They should also be notified that severe weight control is very harmful for health. And they had lower self -satisfaction for their body image and undesirable flood habits. Therefore, prefer nutrition education is required to maintain desirable flood habits and improve their iron status in female high school students.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.184-191
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare health management and leisure activities of the Korean and Japanese elderly. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive research design. A total of 149 Korean and 140 Japanese older adults living in two urban-rural composite areas participated in this research project. Data were collected using interviews with the participants. t-test and $x^2$ test were used to analyze the data. Results: Eighty eight point two percent of the Japanese perceived that their health status was good whereas 27.3% of the Koreans responded that their health status was poor. There were significant differences in types of leisure activities in art, intellectual, events, and volunteer activities between the two groups. A majority of the Japanese elderly replied that they spent some time and money for leisure activities; however, 20.2% and 27.2% of the Koreans reported that they did not spend time or money at all for leisure activities. Conclusion: The number of the Korean elderly participating leisure activities was significantly lower than Japanese participants. Developing nursing strategies using leisure programs would improve the quality of life of older adults and the quality of nursing care.