• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2012

The purposes of this study were to compare Louis I. Kahn and Rem Koolhaas, both of whom established their architectural theories and granted rationality to them by applying the theory of psychoanalysis, and examine common and different characteristics in the inner space composition of a building between them. The study also set out to confirm a basic premise based on which to develop a metaphysical design concept by applying the theory of psychoanalysis in the inner space composition of contemporary architecture in future from the more developed and integrated perspective of modern psychoanalysis. As a result, Kahn sought after a metaphysical design concept through the combinations of inner unit spaces including servant and served space, which are comparable to the confrontation between consciousness and unconsciousness from the perspective of psychoanalysis. Unlike him, Koolhaas applied the concept of folding to his architectural plans based on the theory of post-structuralism and created a metaphysical design concept by more focusing on connections between unit spaces rather than their combinations. While Kahn worked on his designs with much interest in the combinations of inner unit spaces in horizontal circulation by separating it from vertical circulation, Koolhaas created a new design concept beyond the limitations of Kahn, who had a confronting, dichotomous view of the world between the phenomenal world and the metaphysical world, by making use of inclined slabs to connect upper slabs with lower ones. The findings show that there can be various metaphysical design concepts depending on how to connect and combine two confronting concepts when applying the theory of psychoanalysis to architectural design.

• 환경생물
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.427-436
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• 2017

두 개의 딸기 온실 (농약살포포장, 천적방사포장)에서 점박이응애(Tetranychus urticae Koch)의 고정 정확도 수준에서 표본조사법 (Fixed-precision sampling plan)을 개발하였다. 표본추출은 조사구역당 3개엽으로 이루어진 복엽 1줄기를 기준으로 하여 3줄기를 채취하였다. 각 복엽은 Relative net precision (RNP) 값을 비교하기 위해 3개의 서로 다른 단위(1엽, 2엽, 3엽)로 나뉘어졌다. RNP 값 결과 1엽 단위가 다른 단위들보다 정확도와 효율적인 면에서 우수했다. 공간분포 분석은 Taylor's power law (TPL)를 이용하였으며, 각 딸기 온실별로 계산된 TPL 계수의 동질성검정에는 공분산분석(ANCOVA)을 이용하였으며, 분석결과 차이를 보이지 않았다. 표본추출 정시선을 구하기 위한 TPL 계수는 농약살포포장과 천적방사포장의 딸기 1엽 단위에서 점박이응애 밀도 자료를 합한 뒤 재계산하여 사용하였다. 그리고 점박이응애 발생밀도수준을 3마리와 10마리로 설정하여 방제의사를 결정하였다. 분석에 사용하지 않은 독립된 자료를 이용하여 개발된 표본추출법의 유효성을 Resampling Validation for sampling plan (RVSP)으로 확인한 결과 적합한 정확도를 보였다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

In the upcoming 21st century, we predict change and development in various aspects. Some fundamental causes of change in housing lifestyles such as the change in family make-up are gradually becoming more and more realistic problems as the society is shifting to the younger generation family make up refer to the rapid increase of the agedpopulation, growth of single households, the drop in the number of family members, the change in the economic situation and technology level, and change in values. The purpose of this research is to, more away from the standardized supply of housing and to approach apartment housing plans in multilateral aspects, compare and analyze the difference between the housing demands of different generations and the influence that the current housing type has on demand forecasting by case studies of Unit Living Space planning that we will utilize the participating design method in which parents and children took part in.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2243-2248
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• 2013

Background: To compare the dosimetric coverage of target volumes and organs at risk in the radical treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) between intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT). Materials and Methods: Data from 10 consecutive patients treated with IMRT from June-October 2011 in Penang General Hospital were collected retrospectively for analysis. For each patient, dose volume histograms were generated for both the IMRT and 3DCRT plans using a total dose of 70Gy. Comparison of the plans was accomplished by comparing the target volume coverage (5 measures) and sparing of organs at risk (17 organs) for each patient using both IMRT and 3DCRT. The means of each comparison target volume coverage measures and organs at risk measures were obtained and tested for statistical significance using the paired Student t-test. Results: All 5 measures for target volume coverage showed marked dosimetric superiority of IMRT over 3DCRT. V70 and V66.5 for PTV70 showed an absolute improvement of 39.3% and 24.1% respectively. V59.4 and V56.4 for PTV59.4 showed advantages of 18.4% and 16.4%. Moreover, the mean PTV70 dose revealed a 5.1 Gy higher dose with IMRT. Only 4 out of 17 organs at risk showed statistically significant difference in their means which were clinically meaningful between the IMRT and 3DCRT techniques. IMRT was superior in sparing the spinal cord (less 5.8Gy), V30 of right parotid (less 14.3%) and V30 of the left parotid (less 13.1%). The V55 of the left cochlea was lower with 3DCRT (less 44.3%). Conclusions: IMRT is superior to 3DCRT due to its dosimetric advantage in target volume coverage while delivering acceptable doses to organs at risk. A total dose of 70Gy with IMRT should be considered as a standard of care for radical treatment of NPC.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.156-160
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• 2019

Background: To compare the dose of radiation received by the fetus in a pregnant patient irradiated for head and neck cancer using helical tomotherapy and three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT). Materials and Methods: The patient was modeled with a humanoid phantom to mimic a gestation of 26 weeks. Radiotherapy with a total dose of 2 Gy was delivered with both tomotherapy (2.5 and 5.0 cm jaw size) and 3DCRT. The position of the fetus was predicted to be 45 cm from the field edge at the time of treatment. The delivered dose was measured according to the distance from the field edge and the fetus. Results and Discussion: The accumulated dose to the fetus was 1.6 cGy by 3DCRT and 2 and 2.3 cGy by the 2.5 and 5 cm jaw tomotherapy plans. For tomotherapy, the fetal dose with the 2.5 cm jaw was lower than that with the 5 cm jaw, although the radiation leakage was greater for 2.5 cm jaw plan due to the 1.5 fold longer beam-on time. At the uterine fundus, tomotherapy with a 5 cm jaw delivered the highest dose of 2.4 cGy. When the fetus moves up to 35 cm at the 29th week of gestation, the resultant fetal doses for 3DCRT and tomotherapy with 2.5 and 5 cm jaws were estimated as 2.1, 2.7, and 3.9 cGy, respectively. Conclusion: For tomotherapy, scattering radiation was more important due to the high monitor unit values. Therefore, selecting a smaller jaw size for tomotherapy may reduce the fetal dose. however, evaluation of risk should be individually performed for each patient.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.4765-4771
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• 2014

Background: Patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD) may have compromised health related quality of life (HRQoL). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has long been the leading cause of CLD including liver cancer and cirrhosis. Knowledge on different symptom profiles of CLD should help in development of comprehensive treatment and patient care plans. Objective: To access the facets of HRQoL in chronic liver diseases throughout their spectrum of severity. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University in Yunnan Province of China. Both out- and inpatients undergoing treatment protocols for different HBV related liver disease states were consecutively collected from December 2012 to June 2013. ANOVA was used to compare the mean scores of EQ-5D and chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ) among 5 disease groups. The relationship between demographic variables predicting global CLDQ scores and the domains of CLDQ was analysed. Results: A total of 1040 patients including 520 without complications, 91 with compensated cirrhosis, 198 with decompensated cirrhosis, 131 with HCC and 100 with liver failure were recruited. All domains of CLDQ, the means of EQ-5D value and EQ VAS exhibited significant decline with worsening of disease severity from uncomplicated HBV to liver failure. The multivariate regression demonstrated the reduction of mean scores of CLDQ domain at advanced stage. Patients with liver failure and HCC had more HRQoL impairment than other disease states. No effect of patient gender was found. Patient age was associated with 'fatigue' and 'worry' domains (p=0.006; p=0.004) but not with other domains and global scores of CLDQ and ED-5D. Conclusions: The HRQoL in chronic hepatitis B patients is greatly affected by disease states. Care for HBV-related diseases should consider not only the outcomes of treatment strategies but also improvement in patient wellbeing.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.281-287
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• 2014

목 적 : 안와 림프종(orbital lymphoma) 방사선치료를 IMRT(intensity-modulated radiotherapy)와 VMAT (volumetric modulated arc therapy)을 이용한 RapidArc로 비교 분석해 보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 본원에서 치료받은 안와 림프종 환자 4명을 대상으로 IMRT, VMAT을 이용한 partial-single arc(SA)와 partial-double arc(DA)로 전산화치료계획을 수립하였다. 각 치료계획의 평가는 PTV의 CI(conform -ity Index)값과 PCI(Paddick's Conformity Index)값, HI(Homogeneity Index)값을 구하여 비교 평가하였으며 주변 정상조직의 선량평가를 시행하였다. 또한 각 치료계획의 MU(Monitor Unit)값을 비교하고 치료시간과 수정체의 선량을 측정해보았다. 결 과 : PTV의 CI값을 분석한 결과 각 0.88, 0.86, 0.92로 DA의 값이 가장 컸으며 PCI값은 1.41, 1.44, 1.33으로 DA에서 값이 가장 작게 나타났다. 또한 HI값은 1.18, 1.20, 1.15로 DA에서 가장 낮은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 안와 림프종 주변 정상조직의 mean dose와 $V_30$, $V_20$, $V_10$, $V_5$의 값을 분석하였다. 그 결과 반대측 수정체, 눈물샘, 시신경, 안와의 선량이 SA에서 가장 높았고 IMRT에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 평균 MU값과 치료시간은 IMRT가 SA에 비해 약 3배 정도 높게 나타났다. 결 론 : 안와 림프종 환자 IMRT 치료는 장애를 최소화하고 종양 내 선량 균등성을 높이기 위한 일반적인 치료법이다. 하지만 최근 시행하고 있는 RapidArc 치료계획에서 종양 내 선량 균등성이 IMRT 치료계획보다 우수한 결과 값을 보였고 정상조직의 선량 비교에서 큰 차이를 보이지 않았을 뿐만 아니라 MU와 치료시간 또한 약 1/3로 줄일 수 있었다. 이러한 이점은 안와 림프종 환자의 RapidArc 치료계획에 대한 지속적인 연구를 통해 치료의 효율성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 서울시 구로구를 대상으로 공원녹지 총량 산정을 위한 지표를 비교하였다. 지표는 도시계획상, 평면적, 입체적 공원녹지 총량으로 구분하였다. 도시계획상 공원녹지 총량의 지표로써 구로구의 1인당 공원면적은 $2.34m^2$로 공원녹지의 부족을 선명하게 표현할 수 있었다. 그러나 1인당 공원면적 지표는 도시관리계획에 의해 지정된 공원면적만을 대상으로 하여 실제 녹지인 미지정된 산림, 하천 등과 시가화지역 내 녹지가 포함되지 못하는 단점을 지니고 있었다. 평면적 공원녹지 총량의 지표로써 구로구의 1인당 녹피면적은 $18.85m^2$로 실제 녹지를 최대한 반영하였다. 1인당 녹피면적은 시가화지역 내 녹지면적 확대에 초점을 맞추는 지표로써 실질적인 도시녹화의 지표로써 활용이 용이하였다. 그러나 공원녹지 총량개념이 아직까지 면적단위로만 파악되는 한계를 지니고 있었다. 입체적 공원녹지 총량의 지표로써 구로구의 1인당 생육수목주수는 4.1주이었고, 1인당 녹지용적은 $35.8m^2$었다. 이 지표는 고밀도로 개발된 도시환경 개선을 위해 수목량 증진 등의 질적인 향상계획에 반영할 수 있었다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to dosimetrically compare the technique of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT), which is a traditional prophylactic cranial irradiation method, and the intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) techniques used in the last few decades with the dynamic conformal arc therapy (DCAT) technique. Methods: The 3D CRT, VMAT, IMRT, and DCAT plans were prepared with 25 Gy in 10 fractions in a Monaco planning system. The target volume and the critical organ doses were compared. A comparison of the body V₂, V₅, and V₁₀ doses, monitor unit (MU), and beam on-time values was also performed. Results: In planned target volume of the brain (PTV_Brain), the highest D99 dose value (P<0.001) and the most homogeneous (P=0.049) dose distribution according to the heterogeneity index were obtained using the VMAT technique. In contrast, the lowest values were obtained using the 3D CRT technique in the body V₂, V₅, and V₁₀ doses. The MU values were the lowest when DCAT (P=0.001) was used. These values were 0.34% (P=0.256) lower with the 3D CRT technique, 66% (P=0.001) lower with IMRT, and 72% (P=0.001) lower with VMAT. The beam on-time values were the lowest with the 3D CRT planning (P<0.001), 3.8% (P=0.008) lower than DCAT, 65% (P=0.001) lower than VMAT planning, and 76% (P=0.001) lower than IMRT planning. Conclusions: Without sacrificing the homogeneous dose distribution and the critical organ doses in IMRTs, three to four times less treatment time, less low-dose volume, less leakage radiation, and less radiation scattering could be achieved when the DCAT technique is used similar to conventional methods. In short, DCAT, which is applicable in small target volumes, can also be successfully planned in large target volumes, such as the whole-brain.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.139-158
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• 2009

본 연구는 청소년 소비자교육을 위한 사이버 가정 학습 교수-학습 과정안을 개발하여 사이버 가정학습을 실시 한 후 이의 학습효과를 교사의 면대면 수업과 비교하기 위하여 시도 되었다. 이에 청소년 소비자 교육의 교수-학습 과정안은 현행 7차 교육과정의 중학교 2학년 기술 가정 교과의 대단원 '자원 관리와 환경'에서 중단원 '청소년과 소비 생활'에 기초를 두어 학교에서 학습하게 되는 학교 소비자 교육 내용에 맞게 구성되었다. 사이버 가정 학습을 진행하기 위하여 '소비자 교육'이라는 강좌를 연구자가 개설하고, "중학교 2학년 기술 가정"에 해당하는 강좌에서 청소년 소비자 교육과 관련된 '청소년과 소비 행동', '소비자 정보의 활용', '합리적인 소비생활', '소비자 문제의 발생과 해결'의 4차시 강좌를 선정하였다. 사이버 가정학습 학습 강좌는 학습안내$\rightarrow$학습활동$\rightarrow$평가하기$\rightarrow$분기$\rightarrow$정리하기 의 5단계로 구성되어 있으며, 매체의 화면 구성은 에니메이션과 동영상을 통하여 제시되었다. 학습 효과를 비교하기 위해 중학교 2학년 남 여 학생을 100명을 대상으로 실험집단에게는 사이버 가정 학습을 이수하도록하고, 통제 집단에게는 오프라인 상의 교사의 면대면 수업을 실시한 후 공변량 분석과 대응표본 t 검증을 하였는데, 전체 소비자 태도와 일부를 제외한 소비자태도 하위 영역과 소비자 교육에 관한 지식 에서 유의미한 수업 효과를 보였고, 각 학습방법만의 고유한 학습 효과 또한 전체 소비자 태도와 일부를 제외한 소비자태도 하위 영역에서 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. 교사의 면대면 강의식 수업이 사이버 가정 학습보다 소비자태도와 지식을 향상 시키는데 보다 효율적으로 나타나 사이버 가정학습은 교사의 면대면 수업을 보조할 수 있는 역할을 할 수 있도록 교수 설계를 하는 것이 바람직하다고 할 수 있다.