• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.31-37
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• 2013

Purpose - This study aims to strengthen the economic cooperation between Korea and Japan by studying the pattern of trade between them and identifying drawbacks. Thus, it aims to enable trade expansion by analyzing the factors that affect trade and identifying ways to improve them. If economic cooperation is improved, transport and communication costs, as well as the transaction cost of economic exchanges, can be minimized. Research design, data, methodology - The trade intensity index developed by the Japanese economist Yamazawa under his trade intensity theory was used to analyze the trade decision factor of Korea and Japan. Trade structure and decision factors were analyzed for the target period of 2000 to 2012, and the period ranging from 2000 to 2005 was compared with the period ranging from 2005 to 2012. This paper is an analysis of the resultant time series. The data were collected from Korea Traders Association, Korea Customs Office, and UN Comtrade (2000, 2005, 2012) and whole table indexes were calculated by the author. Trade related index was used to analyze the comparative advantage based on time-series analysis statistics data (2000. 2005, 2012) through an analysis of the trade intensity index (TII), revealed comparative advantage index (RCA), and trade specialization index (TSI). Results - The trade intensity index of the industries of Japan and Korea is 1.814 in 2000. The export ratio of Japan against China was slightly higher at 2.128. TII is indicated to be 1.600 in both 2005 and 2012, which means export ratio of Japan against China is considerably maintained in 2005; however, export ratio of Japan against China is diminishing gradually as its index is 1.600 in 2012. Second, as per the trade specialization index of the ship industry in Japan and China, TSI is indicated to be -0.818 in 2000, -0.308 in 2005, and -0.847 in 2012. Generally, it is still closer to -1 and especially, we can see it is more closer to -1 in 2012. Third, as per the revealed comparative advantage index of the ship industry in Japan and China, the RCA index in 2012 is 0.007, which is quite far from 1 as compared to the value in 2000 and 2005. Hence, the Japanese ship industry has a significant comparative disadvantage against the Chinese ship industry. Conclusions - Both countries invest most of their capital in the shipping industry. It is the shipping industry that receives the most capital investment in the two countries is invested and governmental policy funds are needed. As both countries have large shipping industries, this research project is very valuable. Japan and China are compared because they are Korea's neighbors. Also, Korea is strategically located in Northeast Asia and has a history of foreign intrusion from several countries. Therefore, the purpose of this research study is to understand the trade structures of both countries and intensify the economic cooperation between Japan and China.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.423-439
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze market competitiveness of Korean and Chinese computer parts industry in the between two countries' market by using Index of Export Bias and Market Comparative Advantage Index. For attaining the purpose of study, we classified the computer parts which exported to the two countries' market and the imported products as the memory devices and input/output peripheral devices. Analyzing period was 2001-2006. The analysis of Korean results of Index of Export Bias indicated that memory devices represented low overall numerical value and the Chinese results of Index of Export Bias indicated that memory devices represented high gradual numerical value. On the other hand, Korean input/output peripheral devices have been increasing steadily for analysis period and China input/output peripheral devices have been decreasing steadily for analysis period. Additional results indicated that the Korean and China computer parts which gained market competitiveness between two countries market were as follows. Korean memory devices have been losing competitiveness in the China market steadily and Chinese memory devices have been acquire competitiveness in the Korean market gradually. In input/output peripheral devices case, Korean products represented powerful competitiveness in the China market and Chinese products have been gaining competitiveness in the Korea market.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.944-967
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze secondary school chemistry education in Korea and China in order to identify implications for the improvement of Korean chemistry education. The school systems, curricula, and teacher education related to secondary chemistry education of both countries were compared and analyzed. The 6-3-3-4 school system is used in both countries, and national school curricula are formulated by the Ministries of Education in both countries. The 1996 chemistry curricular standard for advanced middle schools in China, and 1997 chemistry curriculum for Korean high schools were compared in several aspects, followed by comparisons of chemistry teacher education in both countries. Based on the comparative analysis of chemistry education, some ideas and issues which provide implications for improving Korean high school chemistry education were identified. Chemistry teaching in the junior secondary schools, tentative implementation of curricula, required course work in chemistry, structure of curricula, oral assessments, probation of teachers and other issues are identified and discussed in this study.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.585-594
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• 2002

Purpose : This study was to analyze on current Study situations were oriental-western hospital NMS of Korea ${\cdot}$ China. Method : This study was descriptive-comparative investigation. Study subjects were Korean(44) and Chinese(47) hospitals' NMS. Nursing division of Xi Yean Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine collected raw data. Result : Hospital NMS of 44 Korean and 47 Chinese has been analyzed and results were as follows; Current situations of Korean NMS(47.7%) belonged to the Director of hospital while Chinese belonged to diagnosis and treatment division(78.7%), and to the nurse-vise superintendent(14.9%). Chinese NMS divided in nursing administration, and technology management that has unique type of simultaneous development in chinese medical and nursing practice. Korean(72%) and Chinese(43.3%) nursing division, and Chinese nursing unit(33.3%) operated inservice education. And Korea(43.2%) and China(80.9%) evaluated by written examination after education. Details of performed oriental nursing practices were similar between Korea and China. Conclusion : There were different of NMS, inservice education, but similar to oriental nursing practices between Korea and China.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.141-153
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• 2015

This paper is an attempt to analyze the comparative advantage of Busan Port to China. For this, we use the market comparative advantage index, which is a version of the revealed comparative advantage index. The market comparative advantage index (MCA) uses trade patterns to identify the sectors in which a region has a comparative advantage, in this case by comparing Busan Port's trade profile with the world average (China). The indices are calculated at the commodity level of the HS four-digit classification. The export data used in this study are obtained from the Korea International Trade Association. Exports to China accounted for almost one third of Korean exports in 2014. There are, however, structural differences among the main export items of Busan Port. This paper, therefore, employs MCA indices to reveal the behaviors of the ten main export items, which are "HS3920-other plates/sheets/film/foil of plastics," "HS7606-aluminum plates/sheets/strip," "HS8479-unspecified machines/medical appliances," "HS8486-machines for semiconductor devices or wafers," "HS8529-parts for transmission apparatus for television," "HS8703-motor vehicles for the transport of persons," "HS8708-parts of motor vehicles," "HS9001-optical fibers," and "HS9013-liquid crystal devices." The study shows that export competitiveness of nine items increases, the exception being HS8703. However, China's import ratios of seven of the nine items for which the MCA indices go up are on the decrease, which means that it would be hard to expand the export market for these seven items, despite the higher MCA indices. Since the shares of the port's total exports to China of HS3907, HS8486, HS8529, HS9001, and HS9013 in total exports to China increase together with China's import ratio decreasing, these items may have promising export markets. MCA increases of HS7606 and HS8479 are attributable to China's lower import ratio, rather than a higher export share, so higher MCA indices do not guarantee higher export competitiveness for these items.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.517-545
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• 2008

This study, tried to describe the corporations and competitiveness of IT industries in Korea and China as well as the general trend in trade using import-export structure. Further, based on trade intensity index, revealed comparative advantage index, Grubel-Lloyd index, constant market share, the trade structure between Korea and China was analyzed for the equipment in the fields of communication, information, broadcasting and their parts. The results are; first, since 2004, China has been catching up with Korea in the number of their companies listed in the global top 500 conglomerates. Second, the trade intensity index increased in 2007 4.57% up from 2002, showing increasingly closer connection between the two countries in the area of communications equipment. Third, according to revealed comparative advantage index, Korea's info-communications equipment seems to comparatively lag behind, but in terms of import-export structure is in the black. Fourth, in recent years, Korean equipment's market share in the Chinese market has been dropped due to the weakening competitiveness and the changing commodity supplies.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.47-67
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• 2009

Objectives : To research the trend of the study related to pharmacopuncture about musculoskeletal and nervous diseases in China and to make a comparison with clinical application on pharmacopuncture about musculoskeletal and nervous diseases in China and Korea. Methods : I reviewed and analyzed four Chinese Journals relating pharmacopucture from 2004 to 2008 and two Korean Journals relating pharmacopuncture from 1999 to 2008. Results : The following results were obtained in this study. 1. The pharmacopuncture was often used for diseases of spines and joints. 2. In the medicine of pharmacopuncture, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Angelicae Gigantis Radix were mainly used in China, and Bee-venom in Korea. 3. As a method of needling, local acupoint and Ashi-point were mainly ueed in both China and Korea. 4. In combined treatments, acupuncture, electronic acupuncture, Chuna, heating acupuncture were mainly used in China, and acupuncture, herb medicine, physiotherapy in Korea. 5. In the case of control group study, compared with other treatments pharmacopuncture was not verified the superiority of effectiveness in China, but in Korea, the effectiveness of a pharmacopuncture could be compared with that of others and the effectivenss of different pharmacopuncture could be compared. Conclusions : As seen above, in Korea, clinician should carry out clinical application about musculoskeletal and nervous diseases with various herbal injections besides Bee-venom. And I think that it will be starting point to use Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix and Angelicae Gigantis Radix that were often used in China.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

This study compared the recommended levels of illumination for housing. KS Recommended Levels of Illumination (KS A 3011) in Korea, Recommended Levels of Illumination (GB 50034-2004) in China and Recommended Levels of Illumination (JIS Z 9110) in Japan are compared. The results are as below. First, recommended levels of illumination used in Korea China Japan are suggested by different locations and activities. However, classification for application scope is set differently. There are 10 areas for classification used in Korea, 5 areas in China, and 13 areas in China. When medium levels for classification are included as classification level, total of 15 areas are used for classification in China. Second, when considering there are 15 areas of application scope in China for recommended levels of illumination, there are 7 areas that are commonly used in Korea China Japan. 7 areas include stadium, factories, hospitals, office, shopping center, houses and hospitals. Third, working surface is considered as the height for recommended levels of illumination in Korea China Japan. Korea and Japan consider all working positions, standing and sitting position, when deciding the height. However, China only considers the standing position. Fourth, application scope for recommended levels of illumination for housing are classified in 16 areas in Korea, 5 in China and 18 in Japan. Thus, the application scope for recommended levels of illumination in housing in Korea is similar to Japan. However, there are only 5 areas used in China such as living room, bedroom, dining room, kitchen and sanitary room. Fifth, recommended levels of illumination is classified in 3 levels such as Lowest-Moderate-Highest while China and Japan only have standard recommended levels of illumination. Sixth, when observing recommended levels of illumination by type of activities, Japan classified the activities in greatest detail followed by Korea and then China. Seventh, Recommended levels of illumination differs by each country.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.117-125
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• 2009

Information and computer technology(ICT) readiness in SME(small and medium enterprises) in globalized digital world get much attention due to its capability to reach broader customers and to personalized the products to the clients. The purpose of this study is to compare the readiness of ICT capabilities in SME between Korean firms operated in Qingdao China and Incheon, South Korea. The results of the study are presented and the implication of this comparative research is discussed. It is hoped that the finding of the research would be beneficial to academian and practitioners in China and South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.1-25
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• 2014

This study intended to examine the English-Medium Instruction (EMI) policy in terms of developmental background and current situation in Chinese and Korean higher education institutions and to provide policy implications for each country. EMI policy in China and Korea shared common characteristics that the EMI courses in both countries were expanded through government leadership at the beginning in order to respond to internationalization since early 2000s. In terms of the differences, EMI policy in China aimed to improve educational quality and nurture bilingual talents while in Korea it primarily aimed to attract international students and internationalize universities. Although both governments took the lead in implementing the policy, universities in two nations responded differently. While the Chinese universities merely followed the government policy to expand EMI courses, its Korean counterparts had a more strong intention to increase EMI courses. Related policy implications were addressed.