• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.107-122
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• 2016

This study aims to develop a framework to estimate mobile source emissions with the macroscopic travel demand model including enhanced estimates of intra-zonal travel emissions using Space Syntax analysis. It is acknowledged that "the land-use and transportation interaction model explains the influence of urban structure on accessibility and mobility pattern". Based upon this theory, the estimation model of intra-zonal travel emissions is presented with the models of total travel distance, total travel demand, and average travel speed of intra-zonal trips. Thess statistical models include several spatial indices derived from the Space Syntax analysis. It explains that urban spatial structure is a critical factor for intra-zonal travel emissions, which is lower in compact zone with smaller portion of land area, lower sprawl indicator, and more grid-type of road network. Also the suggested framework is applied in the evaluation of the effectiveness of bicycle lane project in Suwon, Korea. The estimated emissions including intra-zonal travel is as double as the results only with inter-zonal demands, which shows better performance of the suggested framework for more realistic outcomes. This framework is applicable to the estimation of mobile source emissions in nation-wide and the assessment of transportation-environment policies in regional level.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.3-15
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• 1986

This study was carried out to investigate the drying rate and drying defects of Populus euramericana using the SDR (Saw-Dry-Rip) process. Flitches for SDR process were rough edged for compact kiln stacking, and then kiln-dried to 10 percent moisture content with dimensions in the same run, using the kiln-drying schedule ($T_8-F_4$) recommended by Rasmussen. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Drying rate of dimensions was slower than that of flitches. 2. Final moisture content and moisture distribution of dimensions were lower than those of flitches. 3. Average bowing, cupping, crooking, and twisting were reduced 20 percent, 25 percent, 54.9 percent, and 13.4 percent by SDR process respectively. 4. Bowing and cupping were more severe in dimensions from the area near the pith than in those from the area near the bark, and for crooking and twisting the reverse was true. 5. Surface checking of dimensions developed less than that of flitches and end checking of dimensions was similar to that of flitches. 6. Honeycomb, thickness shrinkage, and collapse of dimensions were similar to those of flitches. 7. The degree of casehardening of dimensions was higher than that of flitches.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1189-1193
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• 2012

The Miniaturized Fingerprint Imager (MFI) is a slim optical mouse that can be used as an input device for application to wireless portable personnel communication devices such as smartphones. In this study, we have fabricated key optical components of an MFI, including the illumination optical components and imaging lens. An LED beam-shaping lens consisting of an aspheric lens and a Fresnel facet was successfully machined using a diamond turning machine (DTM). A customized V-shaped groove for beam path banding was fabricated by the bulk micromachining of silicon that was coated with aluminum using the shadow effect in thermal evaporation. The imaging lens and arrayed multilevel Fresnel lenses were fabricated by electron beam lithography and FAB etching, respectively. The proposed optical components are extremely compact and have high optical efficiency; therefore, they are applicable to ultraslim optical systems.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.831-835
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• 2007

금강은 우리나라 중부 내륙에서 서해로 흐르는 유로연장 401km, 유역면적이 전 국토면적의 약 10%에 해당하는 $9,886km^2$에 이르는 남한의 5대강 중 하나이다. 1981년, 이 강의 하구로부터 150km 상류지점인 대전시 동북쪽 16km, 청주시 남쪽 16km의 대전시와 충청북도가 만나는 지점에 대청다목적댐이 준공되었다. 대청다목적댐은 높이 72m, 길이 495m, 체적 123만$4,000m^3$의 콘크리트 중력식 댐과 석괴식 댐으로 구성된 복합형 댐으로서, 이 댐의 주요시설로는 저수용량 14억9,000만$m^3$의 본 댐과 조정지 댐이 있다. 그 후 1992년에는 대청 조정지 댐 하류 200m 지점에 현도 지방 산업단지 취수장(시설용량: $17,600m^3$/일)이 건설되었으며, 통상 하루 약 7,500톤의 물을 인근의 공단에 공급해오고 있다. 하지만 최근, 취수량이 급격히 감소됨에 따라, 인근 공단으로의 물 공급에 많은 어려움이 발생하고 있다. 이에 대한 대처 방안으로서 한국수자원공사는 취수장 관리자의 요구에 따라 조정지 댐 방류 수문 위치조정 및 방류량 조절 등의 조치를 취하고 있지만, 그 효과는 정량적으로 검토되어지지 않았다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 위에서 명기한 조치의 실효성을 파악 하고자, 수문의 위치변화에 따른 취수구 부근의 수리특성을 조사하였다. 구체적인 조사항목은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 하천용 유량측정장비 (StreamPro ADCP (Teledyne RD Instruments))를 이용한 방류구와 취수구 사이의 유량 조사 둘째, 다 항목 수질 및 3차원 유속 측정장비 (ADV6600 (Sontek / YSI, Inc.))를 이용한 취수구 앞에서의 유속, 유향 및 수위변동 조사 셋째, 수위계 (Orphimedes (OTT MESSTECHNIK GmbH & Co. KG)) 및 파고계 (Compact-WH (Alec Electronics Co., Ltd.))를 이용한 하천을 횡단하는 취수구 좌 우 지점에서의 수위변동 모니터링 그 결과 방류수문의 위치변화에 따른 취수구 인근의 수리학적 특성은 조정지 댐의 방류수문으로부터 약 100 - 150 m 하류의 횡단면에서는 유속분포의 차이가 발견 되었으나 하류로 흐름이 진행됨에 따라 그 차이는 감쇄되고 약 200m 떨어진 취수구 앞의 횡단면에서는 유속분포가 거의 동일함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.255-271
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• 2009

This study was examined interpretation of making techniques and provenance interpretation of raw materials for the potteries from the Nongseori site in Giheung based on archaeometric characteristics. The potteries are classified into three groups according to the archaeological age. The texture of Neolithic age potteries is sandy soil added a lot of temper such as talc and mica, and Bronze age potteries contain sandy materials which occur naturally include quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase and mica. On the other hand, Proto-three Kingdom Age potteries made of silty soil that sift out coarse minerals from the clay. But all pottery and soil samples in the study were very similar patterns with geochemical evolution trend. This result is sufficient evidence that all pottery samples were produced using the same raw materials from the host rocks around of the site area. The Neolithic age potteries had loose texture and fired probably about 700 to $760^{\circ}C$. The Bronze age potteries had experienced firing about 850 to $900^{\circ}C$. And Proto-three Kingdom Age potteries had compact textured and fired from 900 to $1,050^{\circ}C$. The making techniques of potteries are not represented discontinuation characteristics about the periodic time sequences, and are suggested that revealed a transitional change patterns for production techniques.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2016

In recent years, UAV Photogrammetry based on an ultra-light UAS(Unmanned Aerial System) installed with a low-cost compact navigation device and a camera has attracted great attention through fast and accurate acquirement of geo-spatial data. In particular, UAV Photogrammetry do gradually replace the traditional aerial photogrammetry because it is able to produce DEMs(Digital Elevation Models) and Orthophotos rapidly owing to large amounts of high resolution image collection by a low-cost camera and image processing software combined with computer vision technique. With these advantages, UAV-Photogrammetry has therefore been applying to a large scale mapping and cadastral surveying that require accurate position information. This paper presents experimental results of an accuracy performance test with images of 4cm GSD from a fixed wing UAS to demarcate parcel boundaries in agricultural area. Consequently, the accuracy of boundary point extracted from UAS orthoimage has shown less than 8cm compared with that of terrestrial cadastral surveying. This means that UAV images satisfy the tolerance limit of distance error in cadastral surveying for the scale of 1: 500. And also, the area deviation is negligible small, about 0.2%(3.3m²), against true area of 1,969m² by cadastral surveying. UAV-Photogrammetry is therefore as a promising technology to demarcate parcel boundaries.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.396-408
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• 2007

After the Human Genome Project finished the sequencing of a human DNA sequence, the concerns on protein functions are increasing. Since the structures of proteins are conserved in divergent evolution, their functions are determined by their structures rather than by their amino acid sequences. Therefore, if similarities between two protein structures are observed, we could expect them to have common biological functions. So far, a lot of researches on protein structure alignment have been performed. However, most of them use RMSD(Root Mean Square Deviation) as a similarity measure with which it is hard to judge the similarity level of two protein structures intuitively. In addition, they retrieve only one result having the highest alignment score with which it is hard to satisfy various users of different purpose. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel protein structure alignment algorithm based on MRPD(Maximum of Residue Pair Distance) and SG (Similarity Graph). MRPD is more intuitive similarity measure by which fast tittering of unpromising pairs of protein pairs is possible, and SG is a compact representation method for multiple alignment results with which users can choose the most plausible one among various users' needs by providing multiple alignment results without compromising the time to align protein structures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.237-244
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate thermal and water transmission properties of several vapor permeable water repellent (VPWR) fabrics and synthetic battings that became available in recent years. Five VPWR fabrics evaluated were Hipora in three coating variants, $Gore-Tex^{\circledR}$ and $Aitace^{\circledR}$. Battings evaluated were $Viwarma^{\circledR}$, $Uniwarmr^{\circledR}$, $Thinsulate^{\circledR}$, and $Airseal^{\circledR}$ Thermal resistance and water vapor transmission were measured for each fabric and batting and in all combinations. Thermal resistance at zero and 37 cm/sec air velocity was determined by the Thermo Labo II technique for simultaneously measuring conduction and radiation heat transfer. Water vapor transmission over 24 hours was measured by a modified weight-gain method in a compact humid chamber at conditions simulating the clothing climate under heavy exercise ($40{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $90{\pm}2\%$ R.H., and 0.5 m/sec air velocity). Fabric porosity was calculated from fiber density and fabric weight, thickness, and area. Thermal resistance results for the fabrics showed the effectiveness of coatings in inhibiting heat transfer. Measurements taken in wind were: $31.1\~37.6\%$ for $Hipora^{\circledR}$ variants; $31.0\%$ for $Gore-Tex^{\circledR}$; and $18.4\%$ for $Aitaca^{\circledR}$ Measurements without wind were higher but in the same order. Water vapor transmission results were in reverse order: $Aitac^{\circledR}$, $8.8 kg/m^{2};\;Gore-Tex^{\circledR}$, 6.4 kg/$m^{2}$; and $Hipora^{\circledR},\;4.4\~6.0\;kg/m^{2}$. In general thermal resistance increased with porosity. For battings, the thermal resistance with wind results were: $Viwarmu^{\circledR}$, $65.0\%;\; Thinsulate^{\circledR}$, $62.0\%$; $Uniwarm^{\circledR}$, $61.0\%$; and $Airseala^{\circledR},\;53.1\%$. Thermal resistance was proportional to thickness. Thermal resistance of fabric-batting combinations were $20\%$ higher than those of the battings only. Water vapor transmission for combinations was mainly affected by that for the VPWR fabric used.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.3-14
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• 2019

The café has become an important representative "third place" where people study and rest. Hence, it is worthwhile for researchers to understand the needs of individual users as well as the requirements of people who visit such venues in groups. The identification of strategies that can help achieve larger, wider, higher, or deeper interior spaces in small and compact locations can generate benefits for both users and designers. In this study, where 56 interior design students participated, we used an eye-tracker and images of cafes to explore the relationships between spatial depth and the intention to visit a cafe space. The researchers digitally developed fifteen different conditions of space and measured the eye movements of the participants using an eye-tracker when they examined images that appeared to convey the most depth. Participants were also asked to imagine the proposed space images as cafes and to select one of the 15 images as the location that they would be most likely to visit individually and one that they would frequent in the company of other people. The research results revealed that certain ways of using interior design elements altered the participants' perceptions of spatial depth without any change being effected to the actual volume or the size of the space. The participants tended to perceive a space with a small decorative artwork on a dark toned wall with unconnected furniture as deeper than a space with no or large artwork on a light toned wall with contiguous furniture. Spatial depth was a more important consideration for an individual visit than for a group visit. The results of this exploratory study will help scholarly understanding of the role played by spatial depth in customer intentions to visit a cafe.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.168-173
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• 1989

In this report two experiments were carried out. Vertical distribution of exchangeable potassium(K) of soil in the orchardgrass meadow was investigated‘ a and K leaching from soil was monitored under lysimeter condition throughout one year. The results obtained a are as follows; The difference in the exchangeable soil K content b between the soil layers was very small in K-zero plot of the orchard grass meadow, but it was significant in K¬h high plot (Experiment 1). T The volume of leached water from the Iysime ter was a about 471 liters/m2 during a year and the amount of leached water was influenced by the precipitation. D During the investigation the quantity of leached K was 2 22.3 g/$m^2$. About 40 % of the total K in a year leached out during the first two months, May and June, after the start of the experiment. On the other hand, leached K amounted to 13.2 g/$m^2$ (60 % of the total K leached) during the period of ten months from July, 1985 to A April, 1986, when forages were harvested from the soil o of the lysimeter (Experiment 2). From the above results, it was known that K leach¬i ing from grassland soil can be also occurred in consider¬a able amount when the growth stage of forage is not d developed or soil does not become solid on such a p period as immediately after grassland improvement or e establishment. However, unless the K leaching from soil s seems to be little under the condition of permanent g grassland ecosystem with higher grade of soil hardness a and possibly with compact density of forage plants.