• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1349-1360
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• 2012

This study presented the phytoplankton communities of the three lakes (Sayeon, Daeam, Hoeya ) using for drinking water in the Ulsan reservoir. The water storage of the Lake Sayeon, Daeam and Hoeya were 25, 13, 21 million ton respectively and most of which were being utilized for industrial and residential purposes. The total precipitation of the Ulsan region in 2010 was 1,162 mm, decreasing 10 % from 1,275 mm of the annual. As for pollutant loads, BOD and TN discharge loads of Daeam was the highest with 3,277 kg/day, 1,931 kg/day and 90 % of them were came from non-point pollutant sources. TP discharge loads showed the highest in the lake Hoeya with 643 kg/day and 97 % of them were came from point sources as household, industry and livestock. We assessed water quality of the lake Sayeon, Daeam and Hoeya using 17 variables. The water quality assessment found that the lake Daeam met the fourth to fifth grade because of high concentration of COD, SS and chlorophyll-a. Eutrophication assessment was conducted by revised Carlson's Index (TSIm, Aizaki) and found that Lake Daeam was more eutrophicated than the other two lakes all the year through as for chlorophyll-a, transparency and the total phosphorus (TP). A total of 95~111 phytoplankton species were identified from the three lake samples. Among them, the largest number of species were Chlorophyceae with 35~51, followed by Bacillariophyceae with 36~45, Cyanophyceae with 9~11, and Cryptophyceae with 6~9 species. The total cell number of phytoplankton was the highest in February (15,254 cells/mL) with Bacillariophyceae in the lake Daeam and the seasonal succession shows that Bacillariophyceae (Stephanodiscus spp.) in the spring, Cyanophyceae (Anabaena spp.) in the summer and the autumn, Bacillariophyceae (Stephanodiscus spp.) in the winter.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.123-135
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was carried out to suggest methods for improving school health promotion programs by investigating the daily activities and the performance level of environment management, the awareness of importance, and opinions on the revision of and knowledge about laws and regulations related to school health promotion programs. Method: The subjects of this study were 289 school nurses in Gyeongsangbuk-do. The survey used a questionnaire containing 90 questions developed by the present researcher. Data were collected from July 5 to July 21, 2006 and analyzed using SPSS 12.0 for Windows. Result: 1. Regular check-up and drinking water management got the highest score in performance level. Sexual health and drinking water management got the highest score in the awareness of importance. 2. School nurses were aware of laws and regulations related to their clients (0.93), and the revision opinion was high on the whole (3.58). 3. According to general characteristics, the more educated school nurse were (F=6.80, p=.001) and the fewer students their school had (F=4.66, p=.010), the higher their performance level in daily activities was. The shorter their career in their work was (F=4.86, p=.008), the fewer classes their school had (F=5.04, p=.007) and the fewer students their school had (F=3.83, p=.023), the higher their awareness of importance was. 4. There was not any difference in the performance level of environment management according to general characteristics. The awareness of importance was highest in school nurses with experience less then ten years (F=3.66, p=.027). 5. There was not any difference in knowledge about laws and regulations according to general characteristics. The revision opinion was high in school nurses at schools with less than 18 classrooms (F=6.04, p=.003) and less than 500 students (F=4.24, p=.015). Conclusion: When school nurses perform school health promotion programs actively and vigorously, the students can be healthy and national health promotion can be actualized fundamentally.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 1988

It is very important to supply safe drinking water for rural area not only a prevention of entric diseases but also a promotion of health life. It is estimated that 6,981,000 rural inhabitants were covered by the simple piped water supply system at the end of 1987 in Korea. The programme for improvement of water supply system in rural villages was initiated by the government since 1967. But most of these systems have been operated carelessly by the hands of villagers who have no proper knowledge and experience. Since most of water sources were located nearby farmland, there might be a possibility that the sources could be contaminated by pesticides and fertilizers. For this reason, it is recommended to take underground water as a water source rather than surface water such as a pond or streamwater in rural areas. However, the system is supplied from the surface water, its water quality can be improved by using of simple sand filter and simple chlorinator inexpensively. On the basis of an on-site study, conducted during 1986-87, in San-Buk Village, Keum-Sa-Myon, Yeju-Gun, Kyong-Gi-Do, the new simple piped water supply system was designed by the Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University, and constructed by the villagers themselves in September 1987. This simple system which is protected by metal fences consists of three main parts, pump house, vertical sand filter and water tank. The pumped water from underground flows into the upper part of the sand filter, through the sand, and out the water tank which is connected to the bottom of vertical filter. And the simple plastic-bottle chlorinator was installed in the water tank for chlorination. The water quality was remarkably improved after completion of construction. The total bacterial count was not detected from the tap water in households distributed by this simple piped water supply system. The construction cost of this system which was connected 34 households in San-Buk Village, was 4,851,000 won (approximately 6,020 U.S. dollars : 1$=805.8 won) in 1987,77% of expenses was supported by the Community Development Foundation in Korea. This case study for simple piped water supply projects will be applicable to other programme for improvement of water supply system in rural areas of Korea, and other developing countries.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2015

Recently, the production of taste and odor (T&O) compounds is a common problem in water industry. Geosmin is one of the T&O components in drinking water. However, geosmin is hardly eliminated through the conventional water treatment systems. Among various advanced processes capable of removing geosmin, adsorption process using granular activated carbon (GAC) is the most commonly used process. As time passes, however GAC process changes into biological activated carbon (BAC) process. There is little information on the BAC process in the literature. In this study, we isolated and identified microorganisms existing within various BAC processes. The microbial concentrations of BAC processes examined were $3.5{\times}10^5$ colony forming units (CFU/g), $2.2{\times}10^6CFU/g$ and $7.0{\times}10^5CFU/g$ in the Seongnam plant, Goyang plant and Goryeong pilot plant, respectively. The dominant bacterial species were found to be Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Novosphingobium rosa and Afipia broomeae in each plants. Removal efficiencies of $3{\mu}g/L$ geosmin by the dominant species were 36.1%, 36.5% and 34.3% in mineral salts medium(MSM) where geosmin was a sole carbon source.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.224-231
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• 2019

최근 지하수의 오염이 심각해지고 있다. 특히 축산농가 근처의 지하수 오염은 더욱 심해지고 있으며, 음용수로 마시기 어렵다. 그러나 일부 지역에서는 오염된 것을 알면서도 마시고 있다. 본 논문에서는 마을 공동우물에 설치할 수 있는 지하수 정수 장치를 설계 하였다. 설계된 지하수 정수 장치는 RO 멤브레인 필터를 사용하고, UV 살균을 통해 중금속, 박테리아, 유기화합물 등의 오염물질을 제거할 수 있게 하였다. 또한 원격 모니터링을 위해 전기 전도도, 압력, 유량 등의 센서를 부가하였다. 원격으로 모니터링하는 압력 및 유량 데이터로 RO 멤브레인 필터의 파울링 및 오염의 여부를 판단할 수 있으며, 급수의 전기전도도를 통해 유입되는 지하수의 오염 및 상태의 변동을 파악할 수 있다. 본 논문에서 설계된 지하수 정수 장치를 시골 농가에 설치하여 원격 모니터링 하였다. 15일간 지하수 정수 장치를 운영하고 모니터링 데이터를 분석한 결과, 생산수 유량은 평균 2.67L/min이고 급수의 압력 평균 7.09kgf/㎠로 RO 멤브레인 필터가 파울링 및 막힘없이 필터링되고 있음을 파악할 수 있었다. 또한 평균 전기전도도는 급수 796.6 uS/㎠이고 생산수 55.6uS/㎠로 일반적인 수돗물과 유사한 값을 나타내고 있어 주변에 오염원이 발생하지 않았음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 따라서 설계된 지하수 정수 장치는 원격 모니터링을 통해 필터의 교체 시점을 미리 확인할 수 있고, 지하수의 오염 여부에 대한 상태 확인이 가능하다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.281-293
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• 2018

동백동산 습지는 못과 한시적 못으로 구분되었다. 어리연꽃군락, 흑삼릉군락, 좁은잎미꾸리낚시군락, 송이고랭이군락, 물고추나물군락, 청비녀골풀군락, 진땅고추풀군락, 중대가리풀군락, 수궁초군락, 기장대풀군락 및 참느릅나무군락의 11개 식물군락이 성립해 있다. 어리연꽃 군락은 동백동산입구에 위치한 한 못에 성립해 있고 좁은잎미꾸리낚시군락은 그 못의 가장자리에 성립해 있다. 흑삼릉군락은 수심이 비교적 낮은 인근의 못에 성립해 있고 그 못의 가장자리에도 좁은잎미꾸리낚시군락이 성립해 있다. 한시적 못은 과거 식수원으로 사용되었고 일부에서는 가축의 물먹이공간으로도 사용되었다. 송이고랭이군락은 그 못의 중심으로서 가장 습한 곳에 성립하고 청비녀골풀군락-진땅고추풀군락-물고추나물군락 및 수궁초군락이 그곳으로부터 멀어짐에 따라 동심원 구조로 성립해 있다. 참느릅나무군락은 상대적으로 더 건조한 한시적 못에 성립해 있다. 본 연구는 한국에서 한시적 못에 대해 처음으로 이루어진 연구이다. 따라서 본 연구에서 밝혀진 대부분의 식생유형은 습지에 대한 기존의 연구와 다른 새로운 유형으로서 그 가치가 있다.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2012

In this study, fosmid cloning strategies were used to assess the microbial populations in water from the International Space Station (ISS) drinking water system (henceforth referred to as Prebiocide and Tank A water samples). The goals of this study were: to compare the sensitivity of the fosmid cloning strategy with that of traditional culture-based and 16S rRNA-based approaches and to detect the widest possible spectrum of microbial populations during the water purification process. Initially, microbes could not be cultivated, and conventional PCR failed to amplify 16S rDNA fragments from these low biomass samples. Therefore, randomly primed rolling-circle amplification was used to amplify any DNA that might be present in the samples, followed by size selection by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The amplified high-molecular- weight DNA from both samples was cloned into fosmid vectors. Several hundred clones were randomly selected for sequencing, followed by Blastn/Blastx searches. Sequences encoding specific genes from Burkholderia, a species abundant in the soil and groundwater, were found in both samples. Bradyrhizobium and Mesorhizobium, which belong to rhizobia, a large community of nitrogen fixers often found in association with plant roots, were present in the Prebiocide samples. Ralstonia, which is prevalent in soils with a high heavy metal content, was detected in the Tank A samples. The detection of many unidentified sequences suggests the presence of potentially novel microbial fingerprints. The bacterial diversity detected in this pilot study using a fosmid vector approach was higher than that detected by conventional 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2000년도 정기총회 및 봄 학술발표회
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• pp.251-254
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• 2000

In this study, we investigated vertical distribution and seasonal changes of phytophlankton community in the Hae-Dong Reservoir from March 1999 to Feburary 2000. This reservoir is relativly small (surface area, 2.7 $km^2$) and is the source of drinking water supply to the eastern part of Pusan City. Samples were collected at 2 sites (1, 3, and 6 m; site 1, in front of the dam; site 2, inlet). The dominant group was Bacillriophyceae at both sites (over 63%), and other groups exhibited seasonal changes (high cyanobacterial density in summer; green algal communities in winter). Chrysophyceae and Dinophyceae were maintained lower level during the study period. Along the water depth, all classess of phytoplankton did not show distintive vertical distribution at both sites except during the blue-green algal bloom in the middle of July and late September. The phytoplankton community dynamics in the Hoe-Dong Reservoir was strongly affected by the hydrological factors such as concentrated precipitation and short retention time.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.361-369
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• 2010

2009년 경상북도 경주시 G 고등학교에서 노로바이러스가 유행하였고, 이에 대한 원인과 전파 양식 등을 규명하고 예방 및 관리대책을 마련하기 위해 역학조사를 시행하였다. G 고등학교 학생 520명과 조리종사자 8명을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하였으며, 이 중 설사 증상이 심한 학생 21명과 조리종사자 8명을 대상으로 경상북도 보건환경연구원에서 세균 10종 및 바이러스 5종에 관한 검사를 시행하였다. 일별로 가장 많이 발생한 2월 5일을 기준으로 전후 1일간인 2월 4일부터 6일까지의 환례와 유행 기간 중 어떠한 증상도 없는 학생을 대상으로 환자-대조군 연구를 시행하였다. G 고등학교 학생 520명 중 환례는 111명이었으며, 이번 유행에서 G 고등학교의 노로바이러스 발병률은 21.3%이었다. 위험요인 분석에서, 2월 3일의 급식소 정수기물(2.854, 95% CI=1.107-7.358)과 저녁의 콩나물초무침(2.542, 95% CI=1.315-4.915)이 유의하였다. 조리 과정에서 콩나물초무침은 끓는 물에 콩나물을 삶은 후 오염된 것으로 추정된 조리수에 헹구었으며 이후 가열하지 않았다. 환경 조사에서 급식소 상수도관과 하수도관이 시멘트로 된 밀폐된 동일한 공간에 위치하여 수위에 따라 고인 물에 의해 급식소 상수도관이 오염되었다고 추정하였다. 검사상의 한계가 있지만 설문조사와 환경조사를 통해 2월 3일의 급식소 정수기물과 저녁의 콩나물초무침이 오염되었으며, 급식소 상수도관과 하수도관이 동일한 공간에 위치하고 수위에 따라 고인 물에 의해 급식소 상수도관이 오염되었다고 추정하였다.

• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2014

목적 : 본 연구는 정상 성인을 대상으로 일상생활활동 수행하는 동안 기존의 삼차원동작분석 장비와 가속도계에서 발생하는 변수를 동시에 측정하여, 기존의 삼차원동작분석 장비와 가속도계에서 측정된 값의 상관관계를 파악하고 가속도계의 활용 가능성을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 성인 20명(남자 10명, 여자 10명)을 대상으로 전화하기, 물 마시기, 세수하기, 숟가락 사용하기를 수행하는 동안 피트미터(Model Fitmeter, Fit.Life, Korea)와 CMS-70P(Zebris Medizintechnik Gmbh, Germany)를 사용하여, 손목 관절과 팔꿉 관절에서 단일벡터크기(Signal Vector Magnitude: SVM) 합과 관절가동범위를 측정하였다. 결과 : 전화하기, 물 마시기, 세수하기, 숟가락 사용하기 수행 시 손목과 팔꿈치에서 발생하는 관절가동범위와 단일벡터크기 합은 과제에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.001; p<.001; p<.001; p<.001). 관절가동범위와 단일벡터크기 합은 손목에서는 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았으나(p>.05), 팔꿈치에서는 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(p<.01; p<.001; p<.01; p<.05). 손목과 팔꿈치에서 발생하는 단일벡터크기 합의 차이는 전화하기와 세수하기는 손목과 팔꿈치에서 유의한 차이를 보였으나(p<.001; p<.05), 물 마시기와 숟가락 사용하기는 손목과 팔꿈치에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>.05; p>.05). 결론 : 가속도계는 일상생활활동의 역학적 변수를 측정할 때 유용하게 사용할 수 있을 것으로 생각되며, 손목보다는 팔꿈치에서 가속도계가 삼차원동작분석 장비의 기능을 대체할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.