• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.793-820
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• 2009

The studies of correspondence between novel and nation-state, among which The Rise of the Novel by Ian Watt is supposed to be the first book, have flourished for more than twenty years, encouraged by Benedict Anderson's and Cathy Davidson's works. According to them, the novel should come simultaneously with, or after the foundation of the nation-state, and testify to its production or the emergence of its subject/citizen. This paper questions about these prepositions, trying to introduce a new paradigmatical approach, "between global and transnational historical approach," to first novels in transatlantic areas including England and atlantic coastal areas. In its complex relation to a variety of colonial, post-colonial, and transnational geopolitics, various cultural practices such as history, traveler's tales and epistolary novels can be included in the genre of the novel. The idea of the sexual contract by Carole Pateman is very useful because it helps more clearly understand the nature of relation between men and women in the capitalist reproduction, while the social contract tells about the relation between men as citizens. Unlike Freud in Totem and Taboo, Zilboorg argues that there were primordial and violent scenes such as rape before the first sexual contract. This paper will illuminate that "the rise of the novel" corresponded with the emergence of the sexual contract. In the so-called first novel Pamela, the heroine Pamela was threatened to be violated by Mr. B., and was really even confined in his cottage. Mary Rowlandson's The Captive Narrative shows that her body was confined as an English female captive, and troubled with imaginary rape by Indians which resulted in the unequal sexual contract between her and her puritan community in America. However, Leonora Sansay's Secret History in an alternative communality, which was not a nation-state, was different from both novels mentioned above, in that it shows the possibility of emancipation from their unequal marriage, the sexual contract. Therefore, it can be argued that "between global and transnational historical approach" has a possibility to provide a new vision of global sisterhood and solidarity to recognize globalized women's violence, and free themselves from the unequal sexual contract.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.43-67
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• 2012

My essay aims at illustrating Whitman's homosexual vision of utopia with a close reading of his representative homosexual text, Calamus. His expansive self is based upon his intimate contact with the world and is almost always drawn to a wider vision of community in which different individuals share the locus of commonness and reach beyond their empirical boundaries. While foregrounding the contingent and the singular, Whitman forges bonds with other people through a series of ecstatic moments that carry us into the public sphere and common interests. Contrary to the current Whitman studies, his homosexual text doesn't repress contingency in order to celebrate the universal, but fully develops the commensurability among diverse historical agents. Whitman knows well the social taboos and inhibitions at the time of national crisis and expansion, but keeps imagining the world where homosexuality plays a central and significant role in founding a democratic solidarity and achieving a desirable social structure. His ideal of America is not a deferred wish for the future, but a concrete vision that can be achieved here and now, realized by the spontaneous bonding and instant attraction among free men. Instead of interpreting history or suggesting practical alternatives, he keeps questioning the dominant ideologies and the given orders of social control, and suggests a free and open relationship among men where no exterior power or mediating other intervenes. His utopian vision is radical as well as ideal, in that it rejects the interventions of the power structure and its institutions and courageously inscribes his homosexuality in the process of writing about and reading his contemporary America. As a predecessor of a homosexual utopian vision of America, Whitman has inspired many later poets, showing a possibility of infusing a homosexual identity into a radical imaging of the nation and its future.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.23-39
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• 2023

Due to the recent population decrease and urban decline, it has become increasingly important to induce qualitative changes in the city itself and create a differentiated development model. Local culture, based on its uniqueness and diversity, generates the expansion and ripple effect of various contents through creative utilization. In this study, we examine a new local content approach called "town-stay (village hotel)" that develops cultural content and creates a place-making in terms of creating a sustainable ecosystem with cultural vitality. While the uniqueness and creativity of individual content can make a region's attractiveness stand out, we have seen in the case of small-sized cities in Korea and Japan that content elements (place, story, people) can be materialized into area-level content called town-stay(village hotel). The local contents are densely presented in a specific area to increase visibility and expand into a variety of content that reveals regional connections. Local creators, who are the core actors, understand locality, induce active activities, and pursue sustainable development that promotes not only economic value but also community solidarity.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.70
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• pp.132-164
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• 2015

The formation of knowledge of the people of Korean society is the social practices of collective subjectivity. Subjectivity is the truth of the self, which is incessantly created, questioned and modified in the milieu of self-reflection. In an attempt to examine the hermeneutics of the subject of Korean society, a conceptual framework is proposed, which, with the notion of life embedded, consists of a historical sequence of the popular, minjung, multitude, people and community. The period of 1960s saw the ambiguous mass of lifes floating, the individual with his/her own interior world of consciousness emerge. The ideological solidarity is formed in the the next two decades, in contestation with immediate and physical threatening such as poverty and dictatorship. The democratization of Korean society and the global expansion of neoliberal regime gave a re-birth of multitude and people which is characterized with their pursuit of the co-existence and co-realization of singularity and universality on the ethical principle of the open and communicative radicality.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.283-294
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• 2015

The study examines the effect of IT education on on-line social relationship of older adults. The study group composed of 114 older adults who received IT education (computer class, internet class, and smart-phone class) at two community welfare centers in Seoul. In order to compare the effect of IT education of the study group, the control group who did not receive any IT education was recruited (N = 30). Social Capital Scale was used to measure on-line social relationship. The on-line social relationship was composed of social bonding type and social bridging type. Results showed that the study group significantly higher scores than did the control group on three subscales (emotional support, access to scare or limited resources, and out-group antagonism) of social bonding type except one subscale (ability to mobilize solidarity). With regard to social bridging type of social relationship, the study group significantly higher scores that did the control group on all four subscales (outward looking, contact with a broad rage of people, a view of oneself as part of a broader group, and diffuse reciprocity with a broader community). The findings highlight the importance of IT education for older adults to expand and increase social bonding and social bridging of social relationship.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.191-219
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• 2020

This paper aims to identify the key features of the novel writing of Korean American immigrants and their meaning as one aspect of movement and contact occuring in the early modern period. The late return of the novels written by Nakcheong THUN in the 1930s is significant in that it restored ideas on the diversity of early modern mobility and confronted the history and culture of immigrants who were excluded from records and memories. Not only are these novels a product of the phenomenon of immigration, but they have also created a crack in the dichotomous perceptions of domination and subordination, center and periphery by envisioning it as a space that creates new history, culture, institutions and values. These novels treat the free love of intellectual, emotional, and ethical figures as a central event, demystifying Western free love, and at the same time, a society divided by various identities including class, race, and gender. The novels by Nakchung THUN visualize the active exchange between the immigrant and the indigenous community through the character of Jack, and imagines the heterotopia as a place where not for the immigrants' utopia, but for everyone's coexists. These novels have declared a kind of memory war on the subordinate and marginalized contact zones. The contact zones of the immigration area had been a place for experiencing extreme conflicts and discords, and at the same time, it has served as a place where various groups and communities are connected. The contact zones were common areas of solidarity and creation before being subject to division and occupation. The contact zones are far from the border or borderlands, so it is not a fixed and immutable deadlock. As a world free from central domination the contact zones have been a space that preoccupied history and culture through various encounters, and have been a community.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.37-51
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• 2018

Recently, urban parks are required to actively participate with residents in order to strengthen social functions and maintain sustainable management. This study analyzed the formation process of volunteer resident groups (Chamsamo) in the neighborhood parks in which local residents can participate in an ongoing basis based on the solidarity of a daily living space. The important factors in the activation of resident activity are derived from 5 aspects including resources, local area, resident group capacity, resident group role, and public support. The results of the study are as follows. 1) Life-friendly resources: It was important to find life-friendly resources such as 'Chamsaem' in the park. The combined resources of continuous human activities provided various benefits to the residents. This has led to stronger attachment and community activities to continue to utilize attractive resources in the park. 2) Sharing Common Daily Spaces and Expansion: As the Chamsamo activities were centered around the neighborhood, the network of activists in the local community expanded. This led to continued resident interest and favorable participation as well as to the regional expansion of Chamsamo activities. 3) Park management as part of everyday life: Park management became a part of everyday life, and pleasant park management was facilitated by utilizing the talents of the residents, who carried out diverse activities and constantly streamlined their hard labor. 4) Chamsamo's Leadership Linking Residents and the Public Sector through Leading Park Management Activities: Chamsamo served as a middle leader in linking the public sector and its users. 5) Role and Support of the Public Sector: In order to be able to sustain the activities of residents, the government's willingness to support the resident-led activities of the park in planning and operating the public sector was required. In the public management system of the park, support for residents' activities such as financing, education, and consulting was necessary.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.53
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• pp.127-151
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• 2020

In this study, the announced in 2010 was used to identify the flow of social value expansion on the culture and art education and to provide the future direction. In the context of culture and art education, cultural diversity is an important agenda, and thus the case of cultural diversity program by the National Museum of Contemporary Art was analyzed to discuss the social role of culture and art education. To summarize the findings, it is a program of promoting understanding on the diversity of art in the same period and various identifies of the members of our society through the exhibition of «Artist of the Year», and it is a program on cultural diversity of understanding the diversity and identity of various members in our society through the contemporary artwork. Through theme-based approach, education on cultural diversity and cooperative learning were applied to develop the sense of community. Based on the core values of education on cultural diversity, the contents of the education program on performed total of 80 times on 14 programs in 2017-2019 were analyzed. As a result, the analysis showed 9 core values, and the core values of education on cultural diversity derived through the content analysis of the education program on were ① Engagement, ② Conversation, ③ Citizenship, ④ Coexistence, ⑤ Human Rights, ⑥ Difference, ⑦ Equality, ⑧ Cooperation, ⑨ Solidarity. As the space enhancing the cultural engagement, the art museum is a place for realizing the value on cultural diversity, so it has significance as the space that embraces both cultural diversity and culture and art education. In this sense, it was identified that the discussion on the cultural diversity and culture and art education was being expanded into the perspective of various groups and communities in our society through the core values of engagement, conversation, citizenship, coexistence, human rights, difference, equality, cooperation, solidarity and direction, which were provided by the analysis of the contents on the art museum education program on cultural diversity in the National Museum of Contemporary Art.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.109-131
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• 2011

This qualitative study aimed to explore and understand the impacts of the poor neighborhood on children from their own perspectives. To this end, the meaning and the structure of children's lived experiences were explored. The participants were recruited from elementary school high grade students living in poor neighborhood. Focused group interviews were conducted in each of the 24 World Visions social work agencies. The collected data were analysed qualitatively. According to the results, the following main themes could be extracted from the children's lived experiences: "Conflict between connection and differentiation", "Resigning to the fate of being neglected in danger" "Learning to live in the dark cave", "Anticipating a bowl of trust from the neighborhood". The children living in poor neighborhood were threatened by the physical and emotional danger highly probable in weak social infrastructure. Also, they have internalized negative self-identity by chaotic environment and, even the negative role models from alcoholic and sometimes violent adults. However, they were experiencing positive caring from and solidarity with surrounding neighborhood, and were participating in volunteered activities for asserting their citizen rights. These may be the keys to empowerment and, ultimately, to change for themselves and the community. The implications of the study results for the policy making and the actual practice were discussed focusing on the children's rights and well-being.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.182-201
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to examine a married nurse's experience of child rearing through being applied to phenomenological research method. By exchanging their experiences, helping and understanding one another, married nurses can work with delight considering their own present job as their lifelong job. In addition this study can help single nurses overcome the female crises such as marriage, childbirth, and child rearing they will experience in the future. The subjects of this research was 26 married nurses who work for a university hospital in affiliation in Seoul and have children. The period of materials collection was from Feb. 1st to Mar. 3, 1995. The method of materials collection was primarily to write down a questionary with openhearted contents. In collecting it, the respondents were allowed to say at their pleasure through further interview. The materials were analyzed by Giorgi's phenomenological analysis method. The findings of this study are as follows ; 1) The responses of married nurses' experience of child rearing-[pleasure] [family solidarity] [maternal-infant attachment] [understanding] [toilsome]-were induced. That is, at once affirmative experience and hard experience coexisted. 2) The method of married nurses' child rearing-[rearing politely] [raising understanding] [having the sense of family community] [rearing with praying the heart] [careless]-were induced. 3) The support system of married nurses' child rearing-[having help family] [having help from others]-were induced. According to the above findings, the married nursed showed affirmative responses about their experience of child rearing, but at the same time they expressed painful when stayed apart from their children on account of their job or when their children were sick. In the method of child rearing, they tried to grow their children polite because there was much time for them to stay apart from their children. And they tried to give a better explanation in order that their children can have an independence spirit. They tended to compensate through frequent physical touch with their children. As the support system of married nurses' child rearing, they asked their parents or their parents-in-law to take care of their children, hired a nursery governess in their houses, or used a children's home, if they can't afford to. That is, the only one who has a firm sense of her profession, tries to inspire her accomplishment, and is receiving her husband' love and understanding is considered to perform two things simultaneously with harmony, having an recognition of lifelong job. Suggestions 1. The method to solve mental troubles on child rearing should be groped. 2. Their economical burden should be reduced by establishing children's home in their working places, and the increase of maternal-infant interaction should be contrived. 3. The chance of education should be offered in order that married nurses themselves might inspire self-conceit and professionalism on clinical nursing. 4. The familiar mood should be created through planning the programs to be accompanied with children as an annual event in hospital. 5. The part-time nurse system should be suggested to utilize. 6. The system of circulation working should be converted into the system of fixing working according to the characteristic of each department. 7. Programs for special activities such as learning foreign languages and computer should be supported positively.