• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.491-498
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• 2017

Objective: Bacterial abundance and community compositions have been examined in Asian dust events, clarifying their impacts on public health. This study aims to determine the bacterial community compositions and viable bacteria in Asian dust particles in the Asian dust or non-Asian dust event of March 2016. Methods: The dust samples were collected using the high volume air sampler or high volume cascade impactor, and bacterial 16S rRNA genes were amplified using PCR, followed by pyrosequencing. Bacterial diversity index, richness estimate and community composition in the particles were analyzed from the sequencing data using Mothur software. Results: The results showed that the diversity and richness during Asian dust events were higher than them in non-Asian dust events. The total bacterial community analysis showed that at the phylum Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were the most dominant of Asian dust events and non-Asian dust events. In addition, the bacterial colony counts were higher during Asian dust event, comparing with non-Asian dust event. Conclusions: This study showed that bacterial community and richness of Asian dust samples was more complex and higher than non-Asian dust samples in Gyeonggi-do, Korea, which could affect public health and environment. Thus, the continuous monitoring of Asian dust could be an alternative for managing airborne bacteria.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.3570-3576
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• 2013

This paper calculated advanced sewage treatment efficiency and reduction pollution loads to estimation contribution ratio of for community sewerage in Hongcheon-gun County. The A2/O and SBR methods showed overall high treatment efficiency of 95% and 94% respectively, and SS was 80%. On the other hand, T-N and T-P showed relatively low processing efficiency of 56% and 60% respectively, but it was observed that SS showed high 96% in the MBR method. Next, by the result of yearly water change analysis on water quality of Hongcheon River which is the discharge river of community sewerage, it was observed that water quality was greatly deteriorated by COD, T-N and T-P. However, installation and operation of community sewerage showed high pollution load reduction in general water quality item by more than 80%, and in T-N and T-P by 58% and 68% respectively. It is expected that community sewerage will greatly contribute in water quality improvement of Hongcheon River.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.65-84
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• 1993

This study reviewed the current status and problems of sewerage system in Korea and then proposed possible methods to correct the problems. Also, evaluation of future development in sewerage system is included. It can be summarized as follows : 1. Investment in sewerage system is relatively low . 0.23% of GNP, Considering that the investment portion is 0.35% in OECD and 0.63% in Japan, it should be increased further. 2. The reasons wily the investment in sewerage system is low can be ' (1) Low priority is given to the investment in sewerage system. Local government builds and operates its own wastewater treatment plant. Local government as well as residents prefer to invest their money in roadwork, housing and parks to in wastewater treatment facilities because of greater investment effects. (2) Besides capital investment, more maintenance cost is needed for sewerage system. Proper operation of wastewater treatment facilities requires a well-trained operator. Because of public conception that operation of wastewater treatment facility is a dirty job, it is difficult to find a well-trained operator. (3) It is difficult to estimate the effect of sewerage system (4) Cost required to build and maintain wastewater treatment facility should be paid by people, who benefit from the facility. People to benefit are sometimes different from people to pay. 3. Advanced treatment is necessary to protect the bay aura and raw water source as well as to prevent eutrophication of lakes and ponds. 4. Wastewater treatment facility were mainly build in big cities during the decade of 1980. Followings should be solved first to expand the facilities. (1) Rapid repair and construction of sewer. (2) Technical development of wastewater treatment . Prevention of efficient and economical wastewater . Development of efficient and economical wastewater treatment techniques . Development of high-efficiency treatment using bioreactor . Reuse of wastewater treatment plant effluent (3) Sludge treatment and disposal . Composting of sludge cakes . Development of techniques to reduce the volume of sludge cake : incineration and reuse of sludge ash and slag. (4) Utilization of wastewater treatment facilities . Construction of community parks or sports families(ie, on the tops of the covered aeration tanks and sedimention tanks) Construction of wastewater treatment facilities under ground and of parking facilities and community parks above ground. (5) Education of wastewater treatment personal.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.32 no.A
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• pp.57-64
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• 2012

In order to examine the tailorability of advanced sewage treatment of a separated sewer pipe, we observed the quality of leaked water in a reactor. A2C affiliation and MBR affiliation decreased by over 78% in cases of BOD, COD, and SS. SBR affiliation decreased by 79.1% in a case of T-N. Overall, the efficiency of T-N on the above affiliations was low. SS had the high efficiency in MBR affiliation. In the end, examination of water quality improvement showed that the quality was improved from 20% to 90%; hence, it is expected that this treatment can protect the water resources of the Hongcheon River and makes it easier to use the water of the river.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.203-216
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• 2017

For survival of human beings clean water is an essential commodity whereas contamination in drinking water threatens to mankind. The main cause of water contamination is social and development activities of human being along with increasing population. The community in the study area has acute shortage of drinking water along with about 40 to 60% has no access to safe drinking water. This study indicates drinking water quality of two major sources of coastal belt of Karachi one is supplied by Karachi Water & Sewerage Board (KWSB) as tap water and the other through groundwater. The physicochemical analysis was carried out by following the standard methods for checking the quality of drinking water. The analyzed results showed that the quality of groundwater was unfit as potable water. The most critical situation was observed as high level of contamination followed by high turbidity and increased salinity levels. TDS in surface water were found 12% above and TDS in groundwater was 20% below the National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS) of Pakistan as well as the permissible WHO drinking water quality guidelines.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.267-274
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• 2016

Sewerage supply in rural community is the important for water quality protection of water system such as river, lake and wetland. And characteristic of small scale wastewater system that have wide range of inflow and concentration in sewage should be considered for stable operation of small scale wastewater treatment plant. In this research, characteristics of flow ratio (flow / designed flow), effect on treatment efficiency of small scale wastewater treatment plant and assessment of optimal flow ratio were conducted through analysis on operation result of 18 small scale wastewater treatment plant in Bong-hwa gun. As a result, flow ratio shows the higher value during summer. However pollutants concentration in sewage was shown the higher concentration during autumn and winter. Treatment of small scale wastewater treatment plant is increased when flow ratio increased, and nutrient treatment efficiency is more sensitive to change of flow ratio than organic compound and suspended solids. According to this research result, it need to be maintained flow ratio 0.8 over value for stable treatment efficiency of small scale wastewater treatment plant.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.159-169
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• 2016

In recent years, the population structure has been changed by the progresses of 6th-industrialization and transportation in farming areas. This study aims to suggest a regional development plan of farming areas in accordance with the demographic changes. Population structure indicators were derived from previous studies and literature review in order to identify the types of farming areas. Demographic indicators separated to depopulation and population growth in farming areas through a standardized scoring method. This research found that the division of economy is not only the most important division in any other regional development divisions but also necessary to develop new sources of non-farm income through traditional culture, natural environment. In the social division, it is necessary to secure the facilities for the formation of a sense of community to multicultural families and existing residents in farming areas. In the environmental division, it is desirable to improve the quality and satisfaction of life for residents such as the sidewalk and park that utilize ecological environment, culture, history for both depopulation and population region. In the physical division, there is a need for improvement of the facilities of basic living infrastructure service such as roads, water supply and sewerage systems. In the institution division, sustainable financial support of the central government policy for farming areas is crucial for the improvement of residential environment in the farming areas of depopulation and population region.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.550-556
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• 2016

Groundwater heat pump (GWHP) systems must consider phenomena such as clogging to improve system efficiency and maintenance. In this study, we evaluated the prokaryotic diversity in a boring slime sample obtained at a depth of 10 m, which represented an undisturbed sample not affected by aquifer drawdown. Bacteria belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria (20.8%), Acidobacteria (18.8%), Chloroflexi (16.9%), and Firmicutes (10.2%) were found. Additionally, 144 species were identified as belonging to the genus Koribacter. Archaeal phyla were detected including Thaumarchaeota (42.8%), Crenarchaeota (36.9%), and Euryarchaeota (17.4%) and the class level comprised the miscellaneous Crenarchaeota group (MCG), Finnish forest soil type B (FFSB), and Thermoplasmata, which collectively accounted for approximately 69.4% of the detected Archaea. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were analyzed to reveal 3,565 bacterial and 836 archaeal OTUs, with abundances of 7.81 and 6.68, and richnesses of 5.96E-4 and 2.86E-3, respectively. The distribution of the groundwater microbial community in the study area showed a higher proportion of non-classified or unidentified groups compared to typical communities in surface water and air. In addition, 135 (approx. 1.9%) reads were assigned to a bacterial candidate associated with clogging.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.130-138
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• 2020

As of 2017, the sewerage penetration rate of Seoul and metropolitan cities is more than 90%, and the number of domestic sewage treatment plants increased by 25% from 3,064 in 2010 to 4,072 in 2017. Among them, sewage treatment plant operated by SBR system is 585, which is 17% higher than 2010. In order to improve the water quality of the water source and improve the operation of the small sewage facilities, the improvement of the process was studied by applying the modelling to 49 facilities of the sewage treatment plant in Andong Imha dam area with more than 500㎥/day 3 places and 46 places less than 500㎥/day. As an improvement plan for modelling, candidate data were derived by reviewing operation data for 5 years. 49 facilities are operated by 12 types of operating processes. Among them, 1 place mort than 500㎥/day with SBR method and 9 facilities with less than 500㎥/day were selected by dividing 46 sites into 3 types. As a result of applying modelling to more than 500㎥/day, it was possible to improve the quality of discharged water through SRT control and it was found that applying model to sites of small scale treatment plants can improve the removal efficiency of TP by up to 14.4%. As a result, the data of this study could be used to improve and improve the operation of sewage treatment plants and RCSTP(Rural Community Sewage Tratment Plant).

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.251-256
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• 2019

In the upstream and nearby areas of the water source, there are many areas where the sewerage penetration rate is relatively low due to development restrictions. This has been continuously affecting the pollution of the water source. As a measure to prevent this, method of distributing sewage and improving existing facilities are suggested. In this study, A MWTP(Municipal Watewater Treatment Plant) using the Air-vent SBR process located at upstream of An-dong and Im-ha Dam was selected as a modeling facility. And, the retrofit method to improve the effluent from RCSTP(Rural Community Sewage Tratment Plant) was induced based on A MWTP modeling result. The model construction and verification were carried out based on the operating data for 5 years (2012 ~ 2016). As a result, it was analyzed that the water quality of the effluent during the winter could be improved through control of cycle time in Air-vent SBR process and decreasing SRT (BOD: 1.8%, COD: 54.5%, SS: 4.3%, T-N; 0.8% and T-P: 7.7%). This research suggests that result of this research can be utilized as a retrofit method to improve the effluent overall treatment efficiency of the MWTP and the RCSTP which have similar operation process.