• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.81 no.3
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• pp.287-298
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• 1992

The main purpose of this study is to obtain information on the factors influencing forest scenic beauty in order to make and manage scenic forest of recreation areas. 62 slides were taken for the study. Each photograph was independently judged by college students in 10 different major fields, with a total 264 observers after reliability test in the study. The ratings were scaled using a computer program developed by Brown & Daniel(1990). The results of rating scale analysis indicate that respondents' major field difference affects visual preference for forest scenic beauty. Similarly, with different sexual, forest visit frequency, and community type in childhood, people tend to rate their preference differently. The respondents' rating scale of relative scenic beauty of near-view forest scenes can largely be explained in terms of forest physical characteristics of forest landscape. Bare ground area and stash area are represented negative esthetic effects, while DBH, number of trees per hectare, sky area showed positive esthetic effects. These 6 variables in the model can be accounted for 74% of total variance in perceived forest scenic beauty. With this study result, it can be concluded that forest physical characteristics are significantly related to visual preference for near-view forest scenes.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.21-31
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• 2003

This paper reports our experimental study with Korean-Chinese (=KC) bilinguals as compared with Korean monolinguals. We aim to find KC bilingual speakers' sentence processing strategies, and the interaction between the Ll and U2 grammars in bilingual development. To this end, we recruited 166 subjects of all age groups from age 3 to adult in the Korean autonomous community in Yanji, China, and did a classical subject/actor identification test, where subjects are supposed to pick out the subjects/actor of both sensical and nonsensical sentences (cf. Liu, Bates & Li, 1992). We compared our results with our previous work on monolingual Koreans, and found out that KC bilinguals rely on word order as well as anumacy; that KC bilinguals make use of morphology at age 10 as compared with age 5 for monolinguals; and that KC bilingual adults rely on animacy and word order as well as morphology, while monolingual Korean adults rely solely on morphology for sentence interpretation. Given that animacy and word order play an important role in the Chinese grammar, our finding lends support to the backward transfer which Liu, Bates & Li (1992) propose for early bilingualism.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.76 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 1987

The U.S. Forest Service administers the world's largest forestry research organization. From its modest beginning in 1876, some 30 years before the United States national forest system was established, the research branch has devoted its effort to meet current and future information needs of the forestry community of the United States, not just for the U.S. Forest Service. The research branch is one of three major administrative units of the U.S. Forest Service. The others being the National Forest System and State and Private Forestry. Currently the National Forest System comprises 155 national forests, 19 national grasslands, and 18 utilization projects located in 44 states. Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. The National Forest System manages these areas for a large array of uses and benefits including timber, water, forage, wildlife, recreation, minerals, and wilderness. It is through the State and Private Forestry branch that the U.S. Forest Service cooperates and coordinates forestry activities and programs with state and local governments, forest industries, and private landowners. These activities include financial and technical assistance in disease, insect, and fire protection ; plan forestry programs ; improve harvesting and marketing practices ; and transfer forestry research results to user groups. Forestry research is carried out through eight regional Forest Experiment Stations and the Forest Product Laboratory. Studies are maintained at 70 administrative sites, and at 115 experimental forest and grasslands. All of the current sciences that composed modern forestry are included in the research program. These range from forest biology (i. e. silviculture, ecology, physiology, and genetics) to the physical, mathematical, engineering, managerial, and social sciences. The levels of research range from application, developmental, and basic research. Research planning and priority identification is an ongoing process with elements of the research program changing to meet short-term critical information needs(i. e. protection research) to long-term opportunities(i. e. biotechnology). Research planning and priority setting is done in cooperation with National Forest Systems, forest industries, universities, and individual groups such as environmental, wilderness, or wildlife organizations. There is an ongoing review process of research administration, organization, and science content to maintain quality of research. In the U.S. Forest Service the research responsibility is not completed until the new information is being applied by the various user group : I. e. technology transfer program. Research planning and development in the U.S. Forest Service is a dynamic activity. Porgrams for the year 2000 and beyond are now in the planning stage.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.80
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• pp.115-142
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• 2016

This study aims to reveal the content of and logic behind a recent negative public sentiment toward female idols with the example of a debate over songstress IU's fourth album that was released late last year. While previous studies on fandom have focused on the identification process towards entertainers and making community, a recent phenomenon of "anti-fandom" or "malicious comments" implies that more research is needed on negative emotions such as hostility or schadenfreude (feelings of pleasure from others' misfortunes). Schadenfreude is a social sentiment that originated in modern liberalism, which features contradictions between public equality and private ownership, and that has been intensified in neoliberalism, which features a maximization of this contradiction centering on a meritocracy. Celebrities in Korea often become the targets of schadenfreude, which is associated with the suspicion that they gain popularity not from their abilities but from "just being popular." It should also be noted that this kind of schadenfreude operates differently between male and female entertainers. Specifically, the acquisition of money and fame by modern women whose presence used to be located in the private possessions of males is considered to be due to their unjustified use of sexuality. This is also the background of the recent online misogyny culture in Korea. In this context, IU, who had been successful at building a differentiated image of "sister-like idol artist," became a valid target. Although accusing IU of utilizing pedophilia reflects a stalemate that a current politics of sexual violence faces, it rather damages the name of an individual than attracts public attention to the structural causes of childsexualabuse. This is why I see the way that pedophilia was used in the debate over IU as a schadenfreude. Consequently, the term pedophilia here contributes to an expansion of the entertainment economy that is sustained by rises and falls of the celebrities' stock prices.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.121-126
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• 2011

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disorder in the elderly population. To identify OA-associated genetic variants and candidate genes, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS). A total 3,793 samples (476 cases: wrist + knee and 3317 controls) from a community-based epidemiological study were genotyped using the Affymetrix SNP 5.0. An intronic SNP (rs4789934) in the TIMP2 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2) showed the most significance with OA (odd ratio [OR] = 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.52-2.81, p = $4.01{\times}10^{-6}$). Furthermore, a poly-morphism (rs1352677) in the NKAIN2 ($Na^+/K^+$ transporting ATPase interacting 2) was suggestively associated with OA (OR = 1.43, CI = 1.22-1.66, p = $7.01{\times}10^{-6}$). The present study provides new insights into the identification of genetic predisposing factors for OA.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.487-494
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate self-esteem item goodness-of-fit in sports talented children with socio-psychological aspect, which may be a basis of developing global sports leaders. Fifty children who were selected by 2010 sports talent identification program at Korea National Sport University participated in this study. All participants were asked to answer the questionnaire using Rogenberg (1965) self-esteem scale. Total 8 questions were used with 4 point Likert scale and high point stands for higher self-esteem status. Reliability of Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was.785 in this study. Frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, and reliability analysis were conducted with SPSS 18.0. WINSTEPS 3.70 (Linacre, 2010) was used for calculating item goodness-of-fit and subject reliability, scale propriety, item goodness-of-fit and item level of difficulty, and level of difficulty were calculated. Statistical analysis showed results as follows. First, it was reported to be suitable for subject reliability in self-esteem as 1.01~1.03 and item reliability as 1.01~1.01. Second, 4 scale was suitable for scale propriety resulting from stage index judgment. Third, 2,7,8 and 3 question showed problems in item goodness-of-fit and item level of difficulty. Finally, scale propriety was reported to be inappropriate for considering sports talented children's ability distribution and scale level of difficulty.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

Today, Korean medical community faces rapid changes in medical environment due to opening of medical market, more emphasis on making profit and introduction of private medical insurance. Therefore, it is apparent that around, major university hospitals, efforts are being made to adapt to such changes by establishing mid to long range strategic plans. We want to keep pace with changing times and diverse demand of patients by introducing state of the art system, utilizing Ubiquitous technologies for improvements. In doing so, we want to distinguish our hospital services from others. However, Hospital Information System that integrates ubiquitous technologies are introduced in limited basis due to problems like standardization and limits on medical use etc. Particularly, problems like absence of tag design suitable for medical environment, compatibility and extension issue with RFID system need to be addressed on application of RFID technologies. In order to solve such problems, this paper implemented RFID tag system, RFID-SIP UA program, location tracking program. This paper provides a comprehensive basic review of RFID and SIP model suggests the evolution direction of further advanced RFID application service. The design of RFID-SIP application offers advance RFID system with drawback and reduction search time of medical object. so there is a improvement of hospital information system in ubiquitous environment.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2016

Background: Rhizobacteria play an important role in plant defense and could be promising sources of biocontrol agents. This study aimed to screen antagonistic bacteria and develop a biocontrol system for root rot complex of Panax notoginseng. Methods: Pure-culture methods were used to isolate bacteria from the rhizosphere soil of notoginseng plants. The identification of isolates was based on the analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences. Results: A total of 279 bacteria were obtained from rhizosphere soils of healthy and root-rot notoginseng plants, and uncultivated soil. Among all the isolates, 88 showed antagonistic activity to at least one of three phytopathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Phoma herbarum mainly causing root rot disease of P. notoginseng. Based on the 16S rRNA sequencing, the antagonistic bacteria were characterized into four clusters, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetesi. The genus Bacillus was the most frequently isolated, and Bacillus siamensis (Hs02), Bacillus atrophaeus (Hs09) showed strong antagonistic activity to the three pathogens. The distribution pattern differed in soil types, genera Achromobacter, Acidovorax, Brevibacterium, Brevundimonas, Flavimonas, and Streptomyces were only found in rhizosphere of healthy plants, while Delftia, Leclercia, Brevibacillus, Microbacterium, Pantoea, Rhizobium, and Stenotrophomonas only exist in soil of diseased plant, and Acinetobacter only exist in uncultivated soil. Conclusion: The results suggest that diverse bacteria exist in the P. notoginseng rhizosphere soil, with differences in community in the same field, and antagonistic isolates may be good potential biological control agent for the notoginseng root-rot diseases caused by F. oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Panax herbarum.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.37
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• pp.271-306
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• 1999

This study aimed to present a comprehensive case management model which might be helpful for social workers in community social welfare agencies who works with North Korean refugees for their psychosocial adjustment in South Korea. After being constructed, the model was put into practice upon North Korean refugees. This article described the whole process of model construction and its application. Detail steps taken in this research include: (a) The researcher had 20 unstructured individual interviews with 11 North Korean refugees in order to identify psychosocial problems that need social workers' intervention; (b) Based upon the problems identified through interviews and previous literature review, program components were identified and sorted out into two phases, one of which is therapeutic phase, the other is case management phase; (c) By interlocking the two phases, the researcher proposed a comprehensive case management model whereby North Korean refugees can get psychosocial services as well as linkage services in an interactive fashion; (d) The utility of the proposed model was examined by using a couple of North Korean refugees who initially showed complicated psycho-social-economic problems. The therapeutic phase employed a cognitive-behavioral approach. The case management phase consists of: assessment and diagnosis; service planning and resource identification; linking of clients to needed services; monitoring of service delivery; and evaluation. Although the program could not go through with because of the limited contacts with North Korean refugees for security reasons, the program was turned out to be very useful in helping North Korean refugees' settling-down in South Korea. Implications for the application of the proposed model was discussed along with limitations of this study.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2255-2258
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• 2016

Background: Awareness about prostate cancer has increased in the community, and prostate cancer screening examinations, including prostate specific antigen (PSA) assays, are now widely available. Prior to the PSA era, up to 27% of prostate cancers were detected incidentally at the time of transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). After PSA testing became widely available, the incidence of incidentally detected carcinoma prostate in TURP specimens without prior diagnosis reduced to 5-13%. However, the incidence of incidentally detected carcinoma prostate has been reported to vary across the globe since various factors can influence the identification of this malignancy in TURP specimens. In this paper, we focus on rates of incidentally detected prostate cancer in TURP specimens in our hospital and correlate it with various parameters. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study of histopathological findings of biopsy specimens was conducted for patients undergoing TURP during a period of 5 years from April 2010. The inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (digital rectal examination (DRE) not showing any abnormally hard areas and normal age adjusted PSA values). Patients with elevated PSA, abnormal DRE, documented urinary tract infection and proved adenocarcinoma prostate (CaP) were excluded from the study. The total weight of prostatectomy specimen, occurrence of carcinoma prostate in the chips, percentage of total tissue resected showing malignancy and Gleason's scores were recorded. Results: A total of 597 patients belonging to the inclusion criteria were studied. The incidence of occult CaP in the study group was 5.2 % (31/597). Out of these, 8 belonged to T1a and 23 belonged to T1b stages. The age group 70 - 79 years had the maximum incidence of occult CaP. It was observed that the clinical grading of prostate did not have a bearing on the incidence of occult CaP whereas the weight of resected specimen correlated with the incidence of CaP. The incidence of occult CaP was greater with low volume prostates (<20 g). (P=0.15). Conclusions: The rate of incidentally detected adenocarcinoma prostate in patients undergoing TURP for clinically diagnosed BPH was found to be only 5.2 % in our study which is low when compared with similar studies done elsewhere. The age of the patient and weight of the resected specimen correlated with incidence of occult prostate cancer. The clinical grading of prostate by DRE however, demonstrated no correlation.