• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.388-397
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• 2008

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between psychosocial factors and subjective symptoms of musculoskeletal diseases. Methods: This study analyzed the data of '2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey' conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. Results: When examining the complaining rate of subjective symptoms of musculoskeletal diseases according to body region, the rate was highest (6.0%) in the knee region, which was followed by the finger lesion (3.4%), the wrist regions (2.3%) and the elbow region (2.1%). All the regions of elbow, wrist, finger and knee had a high complaining rate of subjective symptoms such as stress, sad or depressed mood, and attempted suicide. Conclusion: From the results of this study, it is identified that psychosocial factors such as stress, depression, and attempted suicide have significant influence on the complaining rate of subjective symptoms of musculoskeletal diseases. Consequently, in order to prevent and treat musculoskeletal diseases, we need to manage stress and to prevent feeling depression.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.86-90
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• 2004

This study was designed to assess the iron nutritional status and anemia of middle school girls in Ulsan City, who were evaluated with a questionnaire, measurement of hematological indices. The average height and weight of respondents were 154.81$\pm$6.28cm and 48.51$\pm$8.80kg, respectively. Mean daily energy intake was 1815.72$\pm$328.04kcal and iron intake was 15.13$\pm$4.50mg. The average hemoglobin concentration of subjects was 11.98$\pm$0.78g/dl, and the average hematocrit level was 36.62$\pm$2.21%. Transferrin saturationTS (%) was 25.58$\pm$9.82%, and the ferritin level was 40.45$\pm$23.03ng/ml. Iron deficiency anemia among the subjects was estimated as 54.2% by using hemoglobin(<12g/이), 33.9% by hematocrit (<36%). The clinical symptoms relating anemia were measured with 4 Likert scale (1 : never, 4 : often), 'tired out easily (2.34$\pm$0.92)' was the highest, followed by 'feel dizzy always (2.26$\pm$0.85)', 'decreasing ability to concentrate (2.23$\pm$0.77)', 'get a cold easily (2.19$\pm$0.82)', 'have a headache (2.10$\pm$0.79)', 'poor memory (2.09$\pm$0.83)', 'no appetite (1.99$\pm$0.85)', As for the correlation between iron parameter and clinical symptoms related to anemia, the hematocrit rate was negatively correlated with 'get a cold easily', 'pale face', 'feeling blue', 'difficult digestion' (p<0.05). The level of iron was negatively correlated with 'tired out easily', 'get a cold easily' (p<0.05) and TS (%) were negatively correlated with 'tired out easily (p<0.05)', 'get a cold easily (p<0.01). Our study resulted that the prevalence of a iron deficiency of a middle school girl is very high, therefore the guidelines for iron supplementation and nutritional education to improve their iron status should be provided.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.2079-2084
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• 2013

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among Iranian women and mastectomy comprises 81% of surgeries for treatment of breast cancer. Mastectomy may create feelings such as deformation or impairment in patients, cause body-image disorder, and reduce sexuality and sexual activity which in turn may entail mental disorders. The study aimed to elaborate coping processes. Materials and Methods: A grounded theory method was used in conducting this study. Twenty Iranian participants undergoing mastectomy were recruited with purposive sampling. An open, semi-structured questionnaire were developed. Obtaining consent, conversations were recorded and immediately transcribed after each session. Data analysis was carried out with the constant comparative method using the Strauss Corbin approach. Results: Analyzing the collected data, the study came up with seven main categories which affected the coping process in patients with breast cancer, namely: reactions to mastectomy; loss and death contest; reconstruction of evaluation system; consent for undergoing mastectomy; reactions and troubles after loss; confrontation of loss and health; and reorganization and compatibility with changes. Conclusions: The results of the study indicated: when patients become informed of their breast cancer and the necessity of undergoing mastectomy as the treatment, they probably pass through seven categories to adapt after mastectomy. Having insight about them is likely to contribute medical personnel in leading patients to the highest degree of feeling healthy.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 1993

This research is undertaken for the purpose of providing basic data to improve the occupational health service for future. 415 workers of 46 firms in Seoul are included in this data points. Results from this analyzing are the following. 1) The level of knowledge, attitude and practice of workers on the occupational health is moderate. 2) The cognition of necessity about special health examination gains the highest point(3.94), but the understanding of the occupational health educational program gains the lowest point (.85) in the knowledge region. 3) In the attitude region, the highest point is marked by the workers' prudence of expending time on medical examination(3.45). The lowest one by the workers' feeling of satisfaction of the follow-up service after medical examination(1.79). 4) The workers' participation in medical examination is the most active(3.15), and that in occupational health education in the least active(.86) in the practical region.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.675-688
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary habits and the factors related to lifestyles in female college students with constipation. A survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaires. Two hundred ninety one subjects participated in this study. All respondents were divided into three groups based on their frequency of stool evacuation: 129 subjects (44.3%) comprised the normal group, 109 (37.5%) the mild constipated group and 53 (18.2%) the severely constipated group. Abdominal pain and ailment during evacuation were higher and the feeling of relief after evacuation was lower in the normal group than in the two constipated groups. The greater the symptoms of constipation, the more laxatives were taken. The prevalence of constipation was lower in students who lived at home than in those who lived in other types of residences. The more pocket money the subject had, the more complaints they had about constipation symptoms. Forty three percent of the subjects ate meals regularly. The less frequently they ate meals and the greater the rate of skipping breakfasts and dining-out, the greater were their constipation symptoms. Rice and most of the food items in the vegetable food group were consumed less frequently in the two constipated groups than in the normal group. The severely constipated group ate food items in the fat group less frequently than the normal and mildly constipated groups. The beverage intake of the normal group tended to be lower than those of the two constipated groups; the constipated groups consumed fruits and vegetable juices less frequently and coffee and tea more frequently. The severely constipated group ate the least number of food items in the vegetable & fruit and fat food groups. Therefore, dietary habits and factors related to lifestyles should be changed through nutrition education programs aimed at improving the symptoms of constipation in young women.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare health promotion behavior and influencing factors between aged women of rural areas and urban areas, to investigate factors affecting their behavior, and to provide the primary data for developing heath enhancing program that is appropriate for the population. Method: A survey was conducted on 221 aged women 100 from urban areas and 121 from rural area. The data were collected through a questionnaire and interview. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA and multiple stepwise regression were found by using SPSS PC Win. Package. Result: There were significant difference of factors relating health promotion behavior in Pender model between the aged women in urban areas and rural areas, urban women showed higher scores in factors such as previous heath relating behavior, perceived confidence, self-efficacy, social support, satisfaction with marriage, situational influence, and behavioral plan involvement, while rural women showed higher scores in the factors of fixed idea regarding gender role, perceived disabled feeling, and activity related emotions. At the subscale of HPLP, interpersonal relation, nutrition, health responsibility, stress management, spiritual growth of rural group was lower than urban group. With the multiple stepwise regression analysis, commitment to a plan of action, social support, activity related affect, self efficacy were proved to be significant to urban group, while commitment to a plan of action. activity related affect, social support, sex-role stereotype were proved to be significant to rural group statistically. Conclusion: There were differences of health promotion behavior and influencing factors between aged women in urban areas and rural areas and women in rural areas were found to have more weakness than women in urban areas. With the results, it is concluded that health promotion programs for aged woman should be designed differently between urban and rural area regarding the factors affecting health promotion behaviors.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2005

This study was to investigate knowledge, attitude and the preventive behaviour of noise of workers exposed to harmful noise and to provide primary data for noise-exposed workers' hearing conservation and the prevention of noise induced hearing loss. Method: The subjects were 104 workers who participated voluntarily in the questionnaire. The instrument used in this study was knowledge, attitude and practice on noise-induced hearing loss tool by Rhee & Yi (1996). The data were collected from August to September, 2002 with a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 10.0 win program for finding frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and ANOVA. Results: The average age of workers was 35.9 and the current average year of working at the noise place was $5{\sim}$10 years. In the group of previous noise-exposed workers, they showed significant difference in preventive behaviors (t=4.087, p=.048). In the group of current noise-exposed workers, they showed significant difference in recognition and attitude of noise(F=4.707, p=.004). Also, the duration of wearing ear protection equipment(t=2.383, p=.019), the feeling of wearing ear protection equipment(F=3.602, p=.031) and comfortable sense of wearing ear protection (F=3.919, p=.023) was significant in the preventive behaviour of noise. Conclusion: Considering the results above, we can recognize that there are close relations among the knowledge, attitude and the preventive behaviour of noise. Therefore, it is necessary to develop education - programs for noise-exposed workers' better understanding of noise and preventive behaviors

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.445-456
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• 2003

Purpose: This study attempted to propose the basic framework for spiritual nursing intervention by understanding live spiritual experiences of terminal cancer patients. The study duration was from July 2002 to January 2003, and the subjects of this study were patients who were expected to live less than six months. The number of subjects was six and the average time of each interview was about an hour. Method: The data were analyzed using the method of phenomenological study analysis, which Colaizzi (1978) proposed. Result: Through live spiritual experiences. terminal cancer patients showed complex emotion about the Absolute, human, disease, and death: depended on the Absolute through recognizing death and spiritual acknowledgement: recollected the past life: accepted death believing salvation and immortality: recovered relationships with others through forgiving and reconciling with the Absolute and neighbors. Also, they pursued the meaning of pain. death, and life while feeling pain: demanded love and concern to the Absolute and neighbors: had a sense of futility about life and a hope for the future life: transcendental energy towards the world after death. Wishing to have a peaceful end to life. they felt peaceful and comfortable. Conclusion: Terminal cancer patients want to meet a peaceful end to life with a hope for the future and accept the meaning of death with peace and comfort minds(##-minds), which will allow them to carry on peaceful and satisfactory days for the rest of their lives. Thus, it is very important for caregivers to let them have spiritual experiences and care for them.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.373-381
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• 2007

Purpose: An exercise program, which was composed of motions simple and easy to follow, was developed and applied to aged women as a way to improve their health conditions. Method: To ascertain the effects of the exercise, which was conducted twice a week and 16 times in total for 8 weeks from September 10 to November 5, 2005 in two experimental groups (31 Persons) and a control group (31 persons), this study conducted quasi-experiments of nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. Data were analyzed using SPSS/PC Win 10.0, the reliability of the measuring tools using Cronbach's alpha, the verification of equivalence for general properties and dependent variables using Chi-square test and t-test, and the verification of hypotheses using t-test and ANCOVA. Results: After the exercise program. the aged women showed profitable evaluation of decisional balance, high feeling of self-efficacy as well as improved subjective awareness of health. Their diastolic blood pressure and total cholesterol were also reduced significantly after the exercise. Conclusion: After the conduct of the exercise program for 8 weeks, aged women showed increased profitable decisional balance, self-efficacy and subjective awareness of health. This suggests that continuous and proper exercise is effective as an intervention for health improvement for the aged as well as the prevention of and recovery from geriatric diseases.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.43-67
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze factors affecting school life adjustment of athletes in middle and high school. Methods: The data in this study came from the survey which conducted to 500 students of physical education high school athletes and elite athletes in general school from the beginning of December 2009 to the end of January 2010 in Seoul and Kyunggi. Finally 436 cases was used. The dependant variable in this study was school life adjustment. And the independent variables were socio-demographic factors, stress and depression factors, social support factors. The analysis methods were T-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, stepwise multiple regression analysis by using SPSS Ver. 12.0. Results: First, there was a statistically significant result between school life adaptation and sex, family circumstances, life satisfaction variables Second, there was a negative correlation between social support and stress, depression. Third, there was a negative correlation between school life adjustment and some stress factors, all depression factors. Also relationship between school life adjustment and social support showed a positive correlation. Fourth, Taking a look at the impact on school life adjustment, family factors and practical environmental factors in the stress factors and the feeling of worthlessness in the depression factors appeared to influence negatively. Also teachers' support in the social support factors showed positive effects. Explanatory power of the final regression model was 25.6%. Conclusions: The first step in order to improve the school life adjustment of athletes in middle and high school is the teachers' support. Athletes in middle and high school can have capability, responsibility, initiatives through teachers' attention and affection. The effective prevention education and health education programs on stress and depression should be introduced and carried out in the health education programs actively for student athletes to be free from stress, depression.