• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.33-55
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• 2013

개인의 관심사나 사회적 문제를 토론하는 장으로 소셜 네트워크 사이트가 최근 활발하게 쓰인다. 기업에 대한 소식들이 소셜 네트워크 사이트의 사용자들 사이에서 회자되기는 마찬가지다. 이처럼 소셜 네트워크 사이트는 정보가 확산되는 주요 통로로 사용되나, 어떻게 그것이 가능한지에 대한 학문적 이해는 부족한 형편이다. 소셜 네트워크 사이트에서 정보가 전파될 때, 개인과 개인 간의 담화, 혹은 한 개인이 자신의 지인들에게 정보를 알려주는 방법에 따른다. 그런데 이와 같은 개인적 노력으로도 사회적 파장을 불러올 만큼 소셜 네트워크 서비스의 정보 확산은 대단하다. 본 논문은 '정보 매개하기'를 중심으로 어떻게 개인 수준의 정보 전파가 네트워크 수준의 정보 확산을 가져오는지를 이해하려 한다. 특히 정보 매개하기에 있어서 '정보 걸러내기의 효과'의 역할에 관심을 집중했다. 시뮬레이션의 결과를 통해, 정보 매개하기 활동이 정보 전파를 활성화시키며, 나아가 정보 확산에 기여하는 것으로 드러났다. 또한 정보 걸러내기 효과가 있을 때, 매우 작은 확률로 정보 매개하기 활동이 있다고 해도, 그 영향력은 아주 크다는 점을 보였다. 즉, 이미 정보 전파가 있었다는 사실이 다른 사람들의 관심을 끌 수 있다면 비록 소수만이 정보 전파 활동을 하더라도 정보는 아주 빨리 퍼져나갈 수 있다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.86-95
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• 2020

Background: Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), one of the most abundant protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides, exerts excellent neuroprotective effects even though it has low intracephalic exposure. Purpose: The present study aimed to elucidate the apparent contradiction between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Rb1 by studying the mechanisms underlying neuroprotective effects of Rb1 based on regulation of microflora. Methods: A pseudo germ-free (PGF) rat model was established, and neuroprotective effects of Rb1 were compared between conventional and PGF rats. The relative abundances of common probiotics were quantified to reveal the authentic probiotics that dominate in the neuroprotection of Rb1. The expressions of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, including GABAA receptors (α2, β2, and γ2) and GABAB receptors (1b and 2), in the normal, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), and I/R+Rb1 rat hippocampus and striatum were assessed to reveal the neuroprotective mechanism of Rb1. Results: The results showed that microbiota plays a key role in neuroprotection of Rb1. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus helveticus (Lac.H) increased 15.26 fold after pretreatment with Rb1. I/R surgery induced effects on infarct size, neurological deficit score, and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were prevented by colonizing the rat gastrointestinal tract with Lac.H (1 × 10⁹ CFU) by gavage 15 d before I/R surgery. Both Rb1 and Lac.H upregulated expression of GABA receptors in I/R rats. Coadministration of a GABA_A receptor antagonist significantly attenuated neuroprotective effects of Rb1 and Lac.H. Conclusion: In sum, Rb1 exerts neuroprotective effects by regulating Lac.H and GABA receptors rather than through direct distribution to the target sites.

• 한국데이타베이스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국데이타베이스학회 1998년도 국제 컨퍼런스: 국가경쟁력 향상을 위한 디지틀도서관 구축방안
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• pp.525-543
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• 1998

This paper proposes a conceptual taxonomy of architectures far workflow management systems. The systematic classification work is based on a framework for workflow architectures. The framework, consisting of generic-level, conceptual-level and implementation-level architectures, provides common architectural principles for designing a workflow management system. We define the taxonomy by considering the possibilities for centralization or distribution of data, control, and execution. That is, we take into account three criteria. How are the major components of a workflow model and system, like activities, roles, actors, and workcases, concretized in workflow architecture？ Which of the components is represented as software modules of the workflow architecture？ And how are they configured and operating in the architecture？ The workflow components might be embodied, as active (processes or threads) modules or as passive (data) modules, in the software architecture of a workflow management system. One or combinations of the components might become software modules in the software architecture. Finally, they might be centralized or distributed. The distribution of the components should be broken into three: Vertically, Horizontally and Fully distributed. Through the combination of these aspects, we can conceptually generate about 64 software Architectures for a workflow management system. That is, it should be possible to comprehend and characterize all kinds of software architectures for workflow management systems including the current existing systems as well as future systems. We believe that this taxonomy is a significant contribution because it adds clarity, completeness, and "global perspective" to workflow architectural discussions. The vocabulary suggested here includes workflow levels and aspects, allowing very different architectures to be discussed, compared, and contrasted. Added clarity is obtained because similar architectures from different vendors that used different terminology and techniques can now be seen to be identical at the higher level. Much of the complexity can be removed by thinking of workflow systems. Therefore, it is used to categorize existing workflow architectures and suggest a plethora of new workflow architectures. Finally, the taxonomy can be used for sorting out gems and stones amongst the architectures possibly generated. Thus, it might be a guideline not only for characterizing the existing workflow management systems, but also for solving the long-term and short-term architectural research issues, such as dynamic changes in workflow, transactional workflow, dynamically evolving workflow, large-scale workflow, etc., that have been proposed in the literature.

• 정보기술과데이타베이스저널
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.97-108
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• 1998

This paper proposes a conceptual taxonomy of architectures for workflow management systems. The systematic classification work is based on a framework for workflow architectures. The framework, consisting of generic-level, conceptual-level and implementation-level architectures, provides common architectural principles for designing a workflow management system. We define the taxonomy by considering the possibilities for centralization or distribution of data, control, and execution. That is, we take into account three criteria. How are the major components of a workflow model and system, like activities, roles, actors, and workcases, concretized in workflow architecture. Which of the components is represented as software modules of the workflow architecture\ulcorner And how are they configured and operating in the architecture\ulcorner The workflow components might be embodied, as active (processes or threads) modules or as passive (data) modules, in the software architecture of a workflow management system. One or combinations of the components might become software modules in the software architecture. Finally, they might be centralized or distributed. The distribution of the components should be broken into three: Vertically, Horizontally and Fully distributed. Through the combination of these aspects, we can conceptually generate about 64 software Architectures for a workflow management system. That is, it should be possible to comprehend and characterize all kinds of software architectures for workflow management systems including the current existing systems as well as future systems. We believe that this taxonomy is a significant contribution because it adds clarity, completeness, and global perspective to workflow architectural discussions. The vocabulary suggested here includes workflow levels and aspects, allowing very different architectures to be discussed, compared, and contrasted. Added clarity is obtained because similar architectures from different vendors that used different terminology and techniques can now be seen to be identical at the higher level. Much of the complexity can be removed by thinking of workflow systems. Therefore, it is used to categorize existing workflow architectures and suggest a plethora of new workflow architectures. Finally, the taxonomy can be used for sorting out gems and stones amongst the architectures possibly generated. Thus, it might be a guideline not only for characterizing the existing workflow management systems, but also for solving the long-term and short-term architectural research issues, such as dynamic changes in workflow, transactional workflow, dynamically evolving workflow, large-scale workflow, etc., that have been proposed in the literature.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제13권
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• pp.39-71
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• 1986

Interlibrary loan has been a very common library service in the developed countries but it is yet to be actualized formerly in Korea. As Korea is moving toward an information society where all the individual user's request in the library should be met, we need to understand, in detail, the theory and practice of interlibrary loan service. As various information technology has been applied to the libraries, the libraries became the open system. Thus, the libraries become more cooperative, form networks, and make interlibrary loan service available. This study is based on the following three hypothesis formulated from the systems theory. 1. If libraries cooperate each other and form some kind of networks by mail, computers or telecommunications, they become the open system. 2. If a library develops as the open system, interlibrary loan becomes available in the library. 3. If the interlibrary loan system works, the role of the librarians will be changed. The research was carried out by analyzing the various studies about interlibrary loan service and by examining the interlibrary loan systerns presently working in the U.S.. The conclusions are reached deductively from the data. Some of the terminology used are defined as follows: System: a network of interrelated procedures that are joined together to perform an activity or to accomplish a specific objective. It is, in effect, all the ingredient which make up the whole. Cooperation: Working together to benefit participant libraries. Network: a much more structured type of cooperation in which definite regions or areas are connected by electronic or other means to promote interlibrary loaning of materials, in-service traing & other sharing of resources. Interlibrary loan: the lending of books between libraries. The model of cooperation or networks was used to be (1) a star type, (2) a hieranchical type, (3) a distributed type or (4) the combination of aforementioned three. However, the development of the telecommunications and computers enables all kinds of libraires cooperate together. Interlibrary loan service starts with the needs of user's information. The information have to be logically accessed through bibliographies, computers, electronic mails and satellite communications. And the logical access requires the information technology and the libraries become cooperative. The physical access to the information follows next but only traditional method of mail and some commercial service are currently available for this purpose. Therefore, researches are needed to develop this physical access. If the libraries form networks, the microaspect of library changes accordingly as the macroaspect changes. If the libraries . cooperate to become one large world library, the librarians plan, organize, control library operations and report the results. And the librarians work inside and outside of the library to cooperate with other libraries. Only the cooperation of the libraries will enhance interlibrary loan and the Korean librarians have to be prepared to accept the new role of librarianship for the interlibrary loan service.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Fermented Laminaria japonica (FL), a type sea tangle used as a functional food ingredient, has been reported to possess cognitive improving properties that may aid in the treatment of common neurodegenerative disorders, such as dementia. MATERIALS/METHODS: We examined the effects of FL on scopolamine (Sco)- and ethanol (EtOH)-induced hippocampus-dependent memory impairment, using the Passive avoidance (PA) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. To examine the underlying mechanisms associated with neuroprotective effects, we analyzed acetylcholine (ACh) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, brain tissue expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), and immunohistochemical analysis, in the hippocampus of mice, compared to current drug therapy intervention. Biochemical blood analysis was carried out to determine the effects of FL on alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels. 7 groups (n = 10) consisted of a control (CON), 3 Sco-induced dementia and 3 EtOH-induced dementia groups, with both dementia group types containing an untreated group (Sco and EtOH); a positive control, orally administered donepezil (Dpz) (4mg/kg) (Sco + Dpz and EtOH + Dpz); and an FL (50 mg/kg) treatment group (Sco + FL50 and EtOH + FL50), orally administered over the 4-week experimental period. RESULTS: FL50 significantly reduced EtOH-induced increase in AST and ALT levels. FL50 treatment reduced EtOH-impaired step-through latency time in the PA test, and Sco- and EtOH-induced dementia escape latency times in the MWM test. Moreover, anticholinergic effects of Sco and EtOH on the brain were reversed by FL50, through the attenuation of AChE activity and elevation of ACh concentration. FL50 elevated ERK1/2 protein expression and increased p-CREB (ser133) in hippocampus brain tissue, according to Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis, respectively. CONCLUSION: Overall, these results suggest that FL may be considered an efficacious intervention for Sco- and EtOH-induced dementia, in terms of reversing cognitive impairment and neuroplastic dysfunction.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.617-625
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• 1999

지구 온난화는 산업혁명이후 이미 시작되었으며 최근에 와서 그 정도가 심해지고 있다. CO2와 같은 온실기체의 증가를 가장 큰 원인으로 하는 지구 온난화의 영향이 아직 정량적으로 밝혀지고 있지만 대기순환모형(General Circulation Model: GCM)을 이용한 연구에서 이러한 온실기체의 증가가 지구의 평균온도를 상승시킨다고 밝히고 있다. 지구 온난화는 전지구적 물의 순환에도 영향을 미쳐 지구 곳곳의 강수패턴에 변화를 가져오는데 근래에 자주 발생하는 대규모 가뭄이나 홍수화 같은 극치기상이 이러한 지구온난화의 간접증거로 자주 언급되곤 한다. 국내의 경우도 예외는 아니어서 근래에 들어 빈번한 홍수 및 가뭄을 경험하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 지구온난화에 따른 홍수 및 가뭄의 빈도변화 분석을 목적으로 한다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 먼저 현재상태가 지구온난화 과정의 한 시점이라는 가정 아래 현재까지 관측된 일강수량 자료를 분석하여 과거 연강수량의 증가가 일강수량의 분포에 어떤 식으로 영향을 미치고 있는지를 분석하여 보았다. 대상자료는 금강유역의 17개 지점을 선정하여 이용하였고, 분석결과로서 연강수량과 무강수일수는 상대적으로 작은 상관을 보이고 있음을 밝힐 수 있었으며 오히려 10mm이하 또는 50mm이상의 강수일수에 0.8-0.9의 높은 상관을 보임을 파악할 수 있었다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.129-149
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• 2013

According to the development of new Information Technologies, firms consistently invest a significant amount of money in IT activities, such as establishing internal and external information systems. However, several anti-Information activities-such as hacking, leakage of information and system destruction-are also rapidly increasing, thus many firms are exposed to direct and indirect threats. Therefore, firms try to establish information security systems and manage these systems more effectively via an enterprise perspective. However, stakeholders or some managers have negative opinions about information security systems. Therefore, in this research, we study the relationship between multibusiness firms' performance and information security systems. Information security indicates physical and logical correspondence of information system department against threats and disaster. Studies on information security systems suggested frameworks such as IT Governance Cube and COBIT Framework to identify information security systems. Thus, this study define that information security systems is a controlled system on enterprise IT process and resource on IT Governance perspective rather than independent domain of IT. Thus, Information Security Systems should be understood as a subordinate concept of IT and business processes. In addition, this study incorporates information capability to information security system literature to show the positive relationship between Information Security Systems and Corporate Performance. The concept of information capability suggested that an interaction of human, information, technical and an effect on corporate performance using three types of capability (IT Practice, Information Management Practice, Information Behaviors and Values). Information capability is about firms' capability to manage IT infrastructure and information as well as individual employees who use IT infrastructure and information. Thus, this study uses information capability as a mediating variable for the relationship between information security systems and firms' performance. To investigate the relationship between Information Security Systems and multibusiness firms' performance, this study extends the IT relatedness concept into Information Security Systems. IT relatedness provides understanding of how corporations cope with conflicts between headquarters and business units to create a synergy effect and achieve high performance using IT resources. Based on the previous literature, this study develops the IT Security Relatedness model. IT Security Relatedness is our main independent variable, while Information Capability and Information Security Performance are mediating variables. To control for the common method bias, we collect each multibusiness firm's financial performance and use it as our dependent variable. We find that Information Security Systems influence Information Capability and Information Security Performance positively, and these two variables consequently influence Corporate Performance positively. In addition, this result indirectly shows that corporations under a multibusiness environment can obtain synergy effects using the integrated Information Security Systems. This positive impact of Information Security Systems on multibusiness firms' performance has an important implication to various stakeholders. Therefore, multibusiness firms need to establish Information Security Systems to achieve better financial performance.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2019

목적 : 본 연구는 주의력결핍과잉행동장애아동(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder; ADHD)을 대상으로 국내에서 제공되는 중재 방법을 체계적으로 고찰하여 최신의 국내 치료 경향을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 2004년 1월부터 2018년 12월까지 최근 15년간 국내 학회지에 게재된 연구를 대상으로 하였다. 누리미디어(DBpia), 스콜라(Scholar), 학술연구정보서비스(RISS), 한국학술정보(KISS)에서 '주의력결핍과잉행동', '아동', '중재'를 키워드로 검색하였다. 연구대상으로 선정된 연구는 총 14개로, 각 연구는 근거의 질적 수준과 방법론적 질적 수준으로 분석한 후 그 결과를 대상자, 중재, 대조, 결과의 순으로 제시하였다. 결과 : 분석 결과 근거기반 실행의 질적 수준은 수준 IV의 연구가 가장 많았고, 방법론적 질적 수준은 '보통'의 연구가 가장 많았다. 중재는 상호작용식 메트로놈 중재(Interactive metronome; IM)의 빈도가 가장 높았고, 측정된 평가도구는 상호작용식 메트로놈 전체형 검사(Long form assessment of IM), 아동 청소년 행동평가척도(Korean behavior child checklist; K-CBCL)의 사용이 높았다. 중재결과 ADHD아동의 집중력, 과잉행동, 과제 수행, 과다언어 사용, 그리고 타이밍 등에서 유의한 효과가 나타났다. 결론 : 국내 ADHD아동을 대상으로 다양한 중재방법이 제공되었고, 그 결과 ADHD증상에서 효과적인 결과가 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구결과는 임상에서 근거기반 실행을 위한 기초자료로 사용할 수 있다. 앞으로 ADHD아동을 대상으로 한 지속적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.2133-2140
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• 2018

Norovirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis. Its pathogenesis is poorly understood owing to the difficulty of establishing viral infection in animal models. Here, post-weaning gnotobiotic pigs were infected with human norovirus genogroup II genotype 4 (HuNoV GII.4) to investigate the pathogenesis and replication of the virus. Three groups of four pigs were infected with $1{\times}10^5$, $1{\times}10^6$, or $1{\times}10^7$ genomic equivalent (GE) copies of HuNoV GII.4. Four pigs were used as negative controls. Blood and rectal swab samples were collected after viral infection, and gross legions were examined after necropsy. Diarrhea was induced in 25% and 75% of pigs infected with $1{\times}10^6$ and $1{\times}10^7$ GE copies, respectively. Viral shedding was detected in 50%, 75%, and 50% of pigs infected with $1{\times}10^5$, $1{\times}10^6$, and $1{\times}10^7$ GE copies, respectively. Viremia was detected in 25% of pigs infected with either $1{\times}10^6$ or $1{\times}10^7$ GE copies. When gross lesions of gastroenteritis were investigated, the ileum walls of the infected pigs were thinner than those of the controls. Villi atrophy and inflammatory cell infiltration were identified in the ileum of each infected pig. Viral capsid was identified in the jejunum, ileum, colon, spleen, and mesenteric lymph node. Virus replication was newly verified in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes by detection of negative-sense viral RNA. In conclusion, HuNoV GII.4 could induce acute gastroenteritis and replicate in the extra-intestinal lymphoid tissues in post-weaning gnotobiotic pigs. Therefore, such pigs would be a suitable animal model for studying the pathogenesis and replication of HuNoV.