• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.565-573
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• 2000

Objective : This research was carried out to find out the general understanding of allergic diseases, the frequencies of allergic diseases and the attitude toward their oriental medical treatment(OMT) among common people. Methods : A total of 360 visitors at The 2nd International Exhibition on Oriental Medicine in 2000, participated in this research. We performed this survey with 22 items on the questionnaire. Results : Respondents knew the. fact that the allergic diseases were hereditary and could be affected by the living environment. 41.8% of the respondents had a past history of allergic diseases. Among the people who had allergic diseases, 63.5% had allergic rhinitis, which was the largest portion. Among them, 52.9% had a familial history. 81.5% of respondents with allergic diseases received western medical treatment for their allergies, 16.3% received both western and oriental medical treatment and 2.2% received OMT only. Among those who were treated for allergic disease, 62.0% were unsatisfied with the low effect of the treatment. To the point of excellence of OMT, 69.7%, which was the largest portion of respondents, believed that OMT could improve their constitutions. The problem with OMT was the high price of herbal medicine and this was the problem most frequently stated, by 51.4% of respondents. There was a positive attitude towards the effect of OMT, and respondents had a preference to receive OMT in the future(p<0.01). Conclusions : These days, it is a fact that the OMT for allergic diseases has a lower proportion to that of western treatment In order to increase the role of OMT, we think, oriental medical doctors need to develop an explanatory model of improving $people^{\circ}{\phi}s$ constitutions and should lower the cost of herbal medicine.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.59-83
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• 2013

Recently, the importance of the health care industry is increasing due to the rapid changes in the population structure caused by decreasing in fertility rate and aging population. Therefore expansion of government investment in R&D of the health care industry is needed as the demand of health care is increasing. This study attempts to examine the economic impacts of national research and development for the health care industry using an inter-industry analysis. Specifically, the study investigates production-inducing effect, value added inducing effect, and employment-inducing effect of the health care industry based on demand-driven model. These analyses pay particular and close attention to the health care industry by taking it as exogenous rather than endogenous. Here we present results. First, the production-inducing effect and value added inducing effect was high in common real estate and business services and finance and insurance sector. Second, employment-inducing effect of the health care industry showed the highest levels in wholesale and retail sector, followed by the real estate and business services, agriculture sector. Third, the actual 2009 health care industry-related national R&D investment embracing on the production-inducing effect and value added inducing effect. The health care industry R&D induces the production of 4,932 billion won and the value added of 2163 billion won.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3451-3454
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• 2012

Background: Esophageal cancer in Iran is the sixth most common cancer and is particularly important in east Azerbaijan. The aim of this study was to calculate survival rates and define prognostic factors in esophageal cancer patients. Methods: In this study, all patients with esophageal cancer registered in the Radiation Therapy Center, during March 2006 to March 2011, were analyzed and followed up for vital status. Data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Out of 532 patients, survival information was available for 460, including 205 (44/ 5%) females and 255 (55/4%) males. The mean age was $65.8{\pm}12.2$, ranging from 29 to 90 years at the time of diagnosis. 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates after diagnosis were 55%, 18% and 12%, respectively, with a median survival time of $13.2{\pm}.7$ (CI 95% =11.8-14.6) months. In the univariate analysis, age (P=0/001), education (P=0/001), smoking status (P= 0/001), surgery (P= 0/001), tumor differentiation (P= 0/003) and tumor stage (P= 0/001) were significant prognostic factors. Tumor morphology, sex, place of residence, tumor histology and tumor location did not show any significant effects on the survival rate. In multivariate analysis, age (P = 0/003), smoking (P= 0/01) and tumor stage (P= 0/001) were significant independent predictors of survival. Conclusion: In summary, prognosis of esophageal cancer in North West of Iran is poor. Therefore, reduction in exposure to risk factors and early detection should be emphasized to improve survival.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.354-360
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• 2020

This study examined the factors for sorting miscellaneous cereal crops using a rice-sorting device by analyzing the physical characteristics according to the moisture content. The initial moisture contents of miscellaneous cereal were 16.3, 19.8, and 16.5%, respectively. The samples were used in the experiment after drying to five levels. The width, length, and area of the samples increased with increasing moisture content except for the roundness, and all the prediction models were developed with a first-order linear equation. The bulk density of Italian millet and sorghum increased with increasing moisture content, whereas the bulk density of common millet was unaffected by the change in moisture content. The terminal velocity of the samples increased with increasing moisture content, and a first-order linear equation was used to develop the prediction models. The measured physical properties of the miscellaneous cereal crops based on the changes in the moisture content could be expressed using a first-order experimental model equation. Therefore, the rice-sorting device could be applied to the terminal velocity, but the other device applying the geometrical characteristics and bulk density was required to change the design of the process depending on the type of grain.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.581-588
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• 2017

This study was conducted to determine which factors would predict metabolic syndrome (MetS) perception and exercise by applying a machine learning classifier, or Extreme Gradient Boosting algorithm (XGBoost) from July 2014 to December 2015. Data were obtained from the Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS), representing different community-dwelling Korean adults 19 years and older, from 2009 to 2013. The dataset includes 370,430 adults. Outcomes were categorized as follows based on the perception of MetS and physical activity (PA): Stage 1 (no perception, no PA), Stage 2 (perception, no PA), and Stage 3 (perception, PA). Features common to all questionnaires for the last 5 years were selected for modeling. Overall, there were 161 features, categorical except for age and the visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS). We used the Extreme Boosting algorithm in R programming for a model to predict factors and achieved prediction accuracy in 0.735 submissions. The top 10 predictive factors in Stage 3 were: age, education level, attempt to control weight, EQ mobility, nutrition label checks, private health insurance, EQ-5D usual activities, anti-smoking advertising, EQ-VAS, education in health centers for diabetes, and dental care. In conclusion, the results showed that XGBoost can be used to identify factors influencing disease prevention and management using healthcare bigdata.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.73-83
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• 2016

Purpose - Previous studies have not paid attention to global self-corporate brand congruity and affective approach from the viewpoint of global self. This study explored an inducement of gratitude that, under the circumstance of corporate association, consumers feel toward corporate's responsible activities, pride related to corporate's ability, and global self congruity. Current researches also have examined positive behavior effects of global self-corporate brand congruity and the feelings on corporate products. Research design, data, and methodology - This research theoretically reviewed that corporate ability and social responsibility association would influence global self-corporate brand congruity, that corporate ability association could induce consumers' sense of pride, and that social responsibility association might induce gratitude. This study, furthermore, examined theoretically whether global self-corporate brand congruity, pride and gratitude could make consumers behave positively toward corporate products, and developed hypotheses. For the empirical analysis with the questionnaires, 231 employees and common people completed the questionnaires, and structural equation model of AMOS 18.0 was used. Results - From the empirical analysis, the outcomes are as followings. First, corporate ability association makes consumers feel proud. Second, corporate social responsible association makes consumers feel grateful. Third, both corporate ability association and social responsibility association let consumers be aware of global self-corporate brand congruity. Fourth, being conscious of each of pride, gratitude and global self-corporate brand congruity prompts consumers to behave positively toward corporate products. Fifth, mediation effects of pride and the congruity in the roles of corporate ability association on the positive behavior, and those of gratitude and the congruity in the roles of corporate social responsible association on the positive behavior are identified. Conclusions - Based on the results, it can be said that a marketing manager should endeavor to make consumers associate the corporate ability and social responsibility. However, the degree of consumers' feelings such as pride and gratitude can differ according to their cultural backgrounds. It is, therefore, needed to be explored by the types of feelings that can be caused more from the difference in cultural backgrounds by corporate association, and to be investigated differently and positively with behavioral effects on the corporate's products between the types.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2003

Populus species have been as a model species in tree breeding and we have enormous varieties resulting from the poplar breeding because of their fast growth performance and short rotation age. New varieties developed in Korea are common italian poplar(P euramericana, I-214, I-476), P euramericana“Eco 28”(Italian poplar No.1) and p. deltoides“Lux”(Italian poplar No.2), which were introduced from foreign countries. As hybrid polars, Hyun-Sasi(p. alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa No.1, No.2, No.3, No4.), P. nigra x P. maximowiczii and P. koreana x P. nigra val. italica, were developed, and P. davidiana was selected as the result of selection breeding The total plantation areas covered with the new varieties are 935,162ha that include 745,773ha of P. euramericana, 184,636ha of P. alba x P. glandulosa, and other new varieties are 4,735ha. The new poplars are contributed to increase farmer's income as well as bare land tree-planting in Korea. The technologies associated with the poplar species were developed, such as the determination of optimum site for new the poplar species, the crossing method between incompatible poplar species, and the vegetative mass propagation. In the future, poplar species will be considered for phytoremediation species at contaminated areas such as landfill sites or with lives stock's waste water as well as wood production, a shade tree like road-side tree and public park tree.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to reveal what influences the divergent methodological researches have brought the nursing practice in during the past 3 decades. The nursing record sheets ie, the nursing discourses were analyzed to know the knowledges that were recorded, accepted and communicated in nursing practice at pediatric intensive care units, and unclosed the philosophical and methodological position of that knowledges. The texts were 13 sheets, 3 kinds of nursing record(7 24hours flow charts, 4 nursing information record sheets and 2 transfer record sheets) used at 4 hospitals. The unit of analysis was 'word'. First, all words of the sheets were listed up, clustered into categories based on their contents. And then, the larger conceptual themes were drawn to elucidate the effect of the knowledge/power and the philosophical and methodological position of that knowledges. To enhanced the validity of the analysis, the data were analyzed by two researchers. The 'words' were classified into 3 categories; 'general information', 'assessment' and 'inter-vention'. The conceptual themes of the texts were 'the gaze for quantification and objectification' and 'technical/assimilated caring'. This themes reflected the logic positivistic and biomedical view that had dominated at clinical practice. Nursing has endeavored to resist the logic-positivistic knowledge/power and to established the nursing knowledge/power based on multiple philosophies and methodologies, especially phenomenological-interpretative. But the results of this study revealed that such efforts in nursing theory and research couldn't influenced the knowledge of practice. Logic positivism was yet so strong and the biomedical model yet dominated in the clinical practice. It identified that the borrowed theory and the knowledge from the received view gave nursing the power. But they were modalities that reinforced the dominant, medical power. Nursing has investigate the other positions (feminism, Habermas' critical social theory and Foucault's discourse theory). This positions suggest different assumptions but share the common concepts; equality, emancipation and freedom. The important point is how make these concepts the practical for nursing knowledge/power in practice. We must recognize that the praxis at clinical setting take place at the field unlike theoretical praxis. The change of clinical practice is the social, economic and political change.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.433-438
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• 2006

When we consider to develop a new harbor, the most important factor, we think, is the lowest water depth of waterway and approaching channel for safe navigation of vesse. The existing harbors have been being dredged to meet the international trend of jumbo sized vessels by adopting the new design criteria. As the dredged materials over the expected at the design level were common and there are still lack of land based reclamation area, we have no choice to discharge the dredged materials in open sea area. In this study, we analysed the behavior of discharged materials at the dumping area of offshore open sea, which were collected from the dredging work at the waterway in Busan New Port. We measured the tidal currents and analyzed the waters of dumping site after the dumping work. these were used to evaluate the numerical models. Suspended Solids(SS) were introduced to the diffusion model. Because of the characteristics of the dumping site, the speed of initial diffusion and settle down of the discharged materials was so fast. Therefore, we believe that the dumped materials do not cause a significant impact to the marine environment.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.197-205
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• 2013

In this study, we developed a program of optimizing stand-level carbon stock using a stand-level yield model and the Simulated Annealing (SA) heuristic method to derive a optimized forest treatment solution. The SA is one of the heuristic algorithms that can provide a desirable management solution when dealing with various management purposes. The SA heuristic algorithm applied 'thermal equilibrium test', a thresholds approach to solve the phenomenon that does not find an optimum solution and stays at a local optimum value during the process. We conducted a sensitivity test for the temperature reduction rate, the major parameter of the thermal equilibrium test, to analyze its influence on the objective function value and the total iteration of the optimization process. Using the developed program, three scenarios were compared: a common treatment in forestry (baseline), the optimized solution of maximizing the amount of harvest(alternative 1), and the optimized solution of maximizing the amount of carbon stocks(alternative 2). As the results, we found that the alternative 1 showed provide acceptable solutions for the objectives. From the sensitivity test, we found that the objective function value and the total iteration of the process can be significantly influenced by the temperature reduction rate. The developed program will be practically used for optimizing stand-level carbon stock and developing optimized treatment solutions.