• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.377-388
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• 2021

Thin perforated Steel Plate Shear Walls (SPSWs) are among the most common types of seismic energy dissipation systems to protect the main boundary components of SPSWs from fatal fractures in the high-risk zones. In this paper, the cyclic behavior of the different circular hole patterns under cyclic loading is reported. Based on the experimental results, it can be concluded that a change in the perforation pattern of the circular holes leads to a change in the locations of the fracture tendency over the web plate, especially at the plate-frame interactions. Accordingly, the cyclic responses of the tested specimens were simulated by finite element method using the ABAQUS package. Likewise, perforated shear panels with a new perforation pattern obtained by implementing Topology Optimization (TO) were proposed. It was found that the ultimate shear strength of the specimen with the proposed TO perforation pattern was higher than that of the other specimens. In addition, theoretical equations using the Plate-Frame Interaction (PFI) method were used to predict the shear strength and initial stiffness of the considered specimens. The theoretical results showed that the proposed reduced coefficients relationships cannot accurately predict the shear strength and initial stiffness of the considered perforated shear panels. Therefore, the reduced coefficients should be adopted in the theoretical equations based on the obtained experimental and numerical results. Finally, with the results of this study, the shear strength and initial stiffness of these types of perforated shear panels can be predicted by PFI method.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.217-225
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• 2019

대표적인 종단자료 분석방법인 잠재성장모형(Latent Growth Modeling)은 무조건적 모형과 조건적 모형으로 구분한다. 잠재성장모형의 무조건적 모형 성장궤적은 선형으로 가정하여 분석하는 경우가 많다. 본 연구는 선형 성장궤적으로 가정하여 모형 적합도가 미달하는 경우 연관규칙기법을 이용하여 모형 적합도를 제고하는 방법론을 제안한다. 방법론은 연관규칙 마이닝의 순차패턴(Sequential Pattern)을 사용한다. 이를 위하여 종단자료를 분위별로 나누고, 각 분위에 속한 종단자료의 기간 변화를 산출한 뒤 이를 순차 패턴 화하였다. SPSS AMOS를 이용하여 한국고용정보원의 2001년부터 6년간 조사한 청년 패널 자료로 효과성을 검증하였다. 기존 단순선형함수를 가정할 때와 비교하여 모형 적합도가 상승하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.751-757
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• 2022

Objective : Tumours of the brain are a rare occurrence accounting for approximately 2% of all neoplasms in adults. Few studies have been done in Nigeria on the profile of brain tumours. The aim of this study is to determine the profile of brain tumours in general and determine the change in Kanofsky Performance Score (KPS) after treatment. Methods : This is a prospective hospital-based study in Kaduna. All consecutive patients over 18 years of age with diagnosis of brain tumours from January 2016 to December 2019 were included in the study. Demographic and clinical data was collected using a proforma during the study. Patients who received treatment were followed up for 12 months. The primary outcome data was the difference in the quality of life as measured by KPS at the point of first contact and at 1-month after treatment and at 12-month follow up. Data obtained was analysed with SPSS version 25.0 for Windows. Descriptive statistics was done to determine the profile. Paired t-test at 95% confidence interval was done to check for significant correlation between the mean KPS. Results : A total of 39 consecutive patients were included in the study. There was a slight male preponderance with a M : F of 1.17 : 1. Meningioma and metastasis were more common in females while gliomas and pituitary tumours were more common in males. The mean age of patients was 49.8 years and standard deviation of 11.8 years. Pituitary tumours were the most common tumours. The most common location of the tumour was frontal lobe followed by the pituitary gland. The mean duration of symptoms before neurosurgical consultation was 38 weeks. The most common presenting symptoms of patient with brain tumour was headache. The quality of life improve compare to the baseline in 81% of patient at discharge and at 1 year follow up. The overall mortality rate was 25.6%. Conclusion : The most common brain tumour in our study is pituitary tumour. Most patients present late. The most common presenting symptoms is headache. There is significant improvement in the KPS of patients following treatment. The overall mortality rate at 1-year post treatment is 25.6%.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.120-129
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• 2012

본 연구는 2007년 개정 초등 과학교과서의 발문 사고 유형 분석을 통해 현장 수업에 교육적 시사점을 제공하고, 향후 수시 개정되는 교과서 및 교사용 지도서 개발에 정보를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 2007 개정 교육과정에 따른 초등학교 3~6학년 과학 교과서에 제시된 문장 중에서, 본 연구의 조작적 정의에 부합하는 2,446개의 발문을 추출하였고, 이것을 Blosser의 분류체계를 조금 수정한 분석틀로써 발문의 유형을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 본 연구에 추출된 2,446개 발문 중에서 제안적 발문요소가 49.2%로 가장 높게, 그리고 평가적 발문요소가 1.4%로서 가장 낮게 나왔다. 둘째, 학년별로 발문의 유형을 살펴본 결과, 모든 학년에서 제안적 발문요소가 가장 많이 나왔다. 또, 학년이 올라갈수록 재생적, 제안적, 예상적 발문요소는 점차 조금씩 줄어드는 경향을, 적용적, 확산적, 평가적 발문요소는 조금씩 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 셋째, 과학과 4개 영역인 에너지, 물질, 지구, 생명 영역에 나타난 발문의 유형을 분석해 보았을 때 에너지 영역의 발문 수가 가장 많았고 그 다음이 화학 영역이었다. 4개 영역 모두 제안적 발문요소가 가장 많이 나타났다. 재생적, 예상적 발문요소는 에너지와 물질 영역이 다른 두 영역보다 조금 더 많았고 적용적, 확산적 발문요소는 지구와 생명 영역이 다른 두 영역보다 조금 더 많았다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2000

Staphylococcus aureus is a causative pathogen of bovine mastitis. It is recognized as a common pathogen in human and animal and specially enterotoxin-producing strain of S aureus is a common cause of staphylococcal food poisoning in human. Various food originated raw milk, cheese, butter produced from mastitic cow causes staphylococcal food poisoning. It is difficult to treat the staphylococcal mastitis because of increasing resistance by using overdose of antibiotics. This study was conducted to investigate the enterotoxin-production and coagulase serotypes of S aureus in Chonnam province for 6 month, 1999. Also we studied the antibiotic resistant pattern with 14 types against isolates. 18(10.1%) S aureus were isolated from 178 raw milk samples in seven farms. and 8 strains(38%) were isolated in 21 raw milk samples which was below 500,000 somatic cells. We identify that 7(87.5%) of 8 isolates and 15(83.3%) 18 isolates produce enterotoxin. Their enterotoxin serotype was type B(66.7%), type A(33.3%) and type C(13.3%). Also 2 strains of isolates was positive to the type A and B. Coagulase serotype of isolates was 2, 3, 4, 7, and 8. Most stains(70.6%) were serotype 2. And most strains(17 isolates, 94.4%) except one isolate was multiple resistant to the tested antibiotics.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.361-370
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• 1999

Baby walkers have been a major cause of injuries in young children. The main purpose of this study is to identify the pattern of injuries associated with baby walker. The data ore collected from May 13 to June 15, 1998 from 438 mothers who have used or are using baby walkers for their children aged average 6 month old(range 1-33 month). It was founded that 19.2%(84 infants) of these children had walker-related accidents. The types of injuries included ‘falling down’(52.4%), ‘tiping over’(21.4%), ‘being crashed into the wall’(17.9%), and burns(1.2%). These injuries predominantly involved the head and neck region(88%). The majority of injuries were minor, and most injuries occured at home with the mother present. The most common reason to use the baby walker was to keep the infant happy and occupied. Although many parents used walker to promote walking, there was no supportive evidence that walkers helped babies learn to walk sooner. In conclusion, injuries among infants who use walkers are minor, but common. Also, baby walkers may cause a fatal min to some infants. Therefore, child safety warning label policies, anticipatory safety guidance and quality control of infant walkers are needed to prevent injuries associated with a infant walker.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.172-178
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• 2015

Purpose: To investigate clinical outcomes of synchronous head and neck and esophageal cancer (SHNEC). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 27 SHNEC patients treated with curative intent at a single institution. The treatment modality for individual cases was usually determined on a case by case basis. Results: The median follow-up duration for the surviving patients was 28.2 months. The most common site of head and neck cancer was hypopharyngeal carcinoma (n = 21, 77.7%). The lower esophagus was the most common location of esophageal carcinoma (n = 16, 59.3%). The 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 57.5% and 39.6%. Major pattern of failure was locoregional recurrence in the study patients. Esophageal cancer stage, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, and pretreatment weight loss were significant prognostic factors for OS in univariate analysis. Treatment-related death was observed in two patients, and one patient developed a grade 4 late treatment-related complication. Conclusion: Although the survival outcome for SHNEC is poor, long-term survival might be achievable with aggressive treatment with stage I-II esophageal cancer and good performance.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

Since luxurious apartments have appeared in Korean common housing, there have been a series of stages in reflecting the demands of residents. However, lifestyles have been restricted to a typified pattern because housing was provided extensively during a short period. The ensuring of residency in common housing lies in seeking how to utilize a given space to the maximum. In the presence of residents, the characteristic of today's housing is not merely satisfied with residents, but provokes the function of a new supplier. Residents are changing by situation (economic, social, cultural, and family types), yet housing is falling short of the change. In particular, it is necessary to closely observe the change in housing by time and space in accordance with both psychological and physical changes of family members. Therefore, this study aims to furnish an opportunity to prepare the foundation of alternatives, which may cope with the future in housing design and furniture design through the latest cases at home and abroad as well as a theoretical background of issues concerning a variable system, which will suit the demands of residents.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2010

Objectives : Recently, the number of elderly people has been rapidly increasing in Korea, and it led to increase demands of Korean traditional medical services. However, there is a lack of information on Korean traditional service utilization. Thus, this study was intended to identify Korean traditional service utilization patterns such as acupuncture, moxibustion and cupping, since Korean traditional services were specially used in treating chronic diseases for elderly people. It is important to understand health services utilization for quality improvement of healthcare systems. Methods:We used data of 'Survey in Daegu' in 2008 and analyzed characteristics of disease structure and utilization patterns of health care service of 1,097 cases of participated citizens. Results : The proportion of the elderly people (>50 age) in total participators is 52.4%. Male to female ratio is 1:1.65 and most common age group was between 50 and 59 years old. 84.2% of participators were admitted at oriental health care facilities. In addition, the results showed that female were more used the service than man. The most common treated disease is musculoskeletal disorders in both male and female. Conclusions : Acupuncture, moxa and cupping are widely used to treat chronic degenerative diseases such as musculoskeletal disorders at oriental health care facilities. Elders and female prefer to be admitted at oriental health care facilities.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2010

도시화, 사회 경제적 발달로 인하여 많은 사람들이 달리기 운동을 즐기고 있다. 달리기는 단순한 운동이지만 반복적인 동작을 하기 때문에 관절에 특이적인 손상이 발생될 수가 있다. 달리기 운동 손상의 원인은 급성기의 손상보다는 만성적인 과사용 증후군으로 인한 것이 대부분이다. 또한 달리기를 할 때 흔히 동반되는 손상은 전방 슬관절 통증, 장경 인대 증후군, 피로 골절, 족저 근막염, 아킬레스 건염, 후방 경골 인대 증후군 등이 있다. 달리기 운동 손상의 가장 흔한 부위는 무릎 관절이다. 이에 저자들은 문헌 고찰을 하여, 달리기 운동 손상 중에서 무릎에서 발생하는 손상의 종류, 원인, 예방, 재활적인 치료 등을 중심으로 알아보고자 한다.