• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.284-291
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• 2005

I propose a framework for detecting, recognizing and classifying facial features based on learned expression patterns. The framework recognizes facial expressions by using PCA and expression HMM(EHMM) which is Hidden Markov Model (HMM) approach to represent the spatial information and the temporal dynamics of the time varying visual expression patterns. Because the low level spatial feature extraction is fused with the temporal analysis, a unified spatio-temporal approach of HMM to common detection, tracking and classification problems is effective. The proposed recognition framework is accomplished by applying posterior probability between current visual observations and previous visual evidences. Consequently, the framework shows accurate and robust results of recognition on as well simple expressions as basic 6 facial feature patterns. The method allows us to perform a set of important tasks such as facial-expression recognition, HCI and key-frame extraction.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.386-399
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• 2014

Following the heightened facilitation of information system in the education field, educational institutions encounter frequent information security infringement accidents. However there is insufficient education for persons in charge of information security duties in educational institutions. This study aims to analyze differences of knowledge and skills required for information security professionals in educational institutions by institution type, service area and duty. Based on the results of multidimensional scaling on survey data, this study presents the information security education framework for educational institutions.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.171-180
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• 2009

Population learning algorithm (PLA) is a population-based method that was inspired by the similarities to the phenomenon of social education process in which a diminishing number of individuals enter an increasing number of learning stages. The study aims to develop a framework that repeatedly applying the PLA to solve the discrete resource constrained project scheduling problem with two objectives: minimizing project makespan and renewable resource availability, which are two most common concerns of management when a project is being executed. The PLA looping framework will provide a number of near Pareto optimal schedules for the management to make a choice. Different improvement schemes and learning procedures are applied at different stages of the process. The process gradually becomes more and more sophisticated and time consuming as there are less and less individuals to be taught. An experiment with ProGen generated instances was conducted, and the results demonstrated that the looping framework using PLA outperforms those using genetic local search, particle swarm optimization with local search, scatter search, as well as biased sampling multi-pass algorithm, in terms of several performance measures of proximity. However, the diversity using spread metric does not reveal any significant difference between these five looping algorithms.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1259-1265
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• 2017

While there is consensus on the educational potential of serious games, there is still a lack of methodology and tools to support analysis and evaluation as well as design. This paper intends to explore the new methodology or design direction by analyzing pedagogy-related research required for serious games. To do this, we analyzed 4DF(Four Dimensional Framework), GOM(Game Object Model), LM(Learning Mechanics)-GM(Game Mechanics) and a framework for teacher. One of the biggest issues faced by educational games is the inadequate integration of education and game principles. This is due to a variety of factors, including the fact that game designers and educational professionals do not share a common vocabulary or work domain perspective.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.73-89
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• 2011

RFID technology enables companies to precisely manage their inventories at the item level. Recently, due to the wide spread of RFID data-exchange standards, RFID systems are being recognized as separate information systems, each of which is consist of RFID hardwares, a middleware and data repositories, thereby RFID systems become common targets for system integration. In this paper, we proposed an effective integration framework between RFID systems and existing enterprise information systems (EIS). We also surveyed the current state of the RFID-EIS system integration practices. The proposed framework will be helpful for system developers to effectively integrate RFID systems with EIS's.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

This paper discusses the components of a guaranteed maximum price (GMP) and proposes a framework for the development of GMPs as contract payment provisions for construction manager-at-risk (CMR) and design-build (DB) contracts for transportation projects. The framework is the synthesis of a comprehensive literature review, a content analysis of CMR and DB solicitation documents and contracts, and case study project output from twelve projects in nine states worth $3.1 billion. The research also discusses the development of three common types of contingencies that are often utilized in projects with GMPs. The study concludes that owners should specify the structure of the GMP and its components to enhance clarity and understanding of the GMP's composition. It recommends that this structure be included in the CMR and DB solicitation documents so that pricing proposals can be formulated in a manner that is consistent with the contract payment provisions that will be useful to practitioners that need to implement GMP-based contracts.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.261-282
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to provide insights on making Korean mathematics framework by analytical comparison of three major assessments such as the NAEP 2015, the TIMSS 2015 and the PISA 2015. This study focused on the key differences and common themes of mathematics frameworks among three major assessments. In order to achieve this purpose, mathematical frameworks of the NAEP 2015, the TIMSS 2015, and the PISA 2015 were analyzed and compared. The criteria of the comparison were content domain and cognitive domain. The comparing criteria of content domain were based on NCTM content standards and cognitive domain were used the three understanding levels of Jan de Lange's pyramid model. Based on these comparisons, researchers discussed that Korea mathematical framework was needed to have a set of content categories that reflect the range of underlying mathematical phenomena and a set of cognitive levels which contain the range of underlying fundamental mathematical capabilities including consideration of contexts.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.51-69
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• 2000

Recently, as business problems become more complicated and require more precise quantitative results, large-scale model management systems are increasingly in demand for supporting the decision-making activities. In addition, as distributed computing over networks gains popularity, departmental computing systems are gradually adopted in an organization to facilitate collaboration of geographically dispersed multiple departments. In departmental collaborative model management systems, multiple departments share common models but approach them with different user-views depending on their departmental needs. Moreover, the shared models become evolved as their structures and the corresponding data sets change due to the dynamic nature of the operating environment and the inherent uncertainty associated with the problems. In such capacity, providing the multiple departmental users with synchronized and consistent views of the models is important to improve the overall productivity. In this paper, we propose a collaborative model management framework for coordinating model change and automatic user-view update in a departmental computing environment. To do so, we describes changes in the model and their effects occurred in departmental model management environments and identifies the constructs and processes for maintaining the consistency between a shared model and its departmental user-views. Especially, in this framework, generic model concept was adopted for accommodating diverse mathematical models in a uniform way in a modelbase and object-oriented database management systems(ODBMS) for combining the model management constructs and automatic user-view update mechanisms in a single formalism. A prototype object-oriented modeling environment was developed using an ODBMS called ObjectStore and $C^{++}$ programming language on Windows NT.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2012

The analytical experiments for fluid dynamics lead a sequence of complex scientific computations composing of numerical equations and require enormous computing resources with appropriate management tools. Currently most studies on e-Science environment for numerical studies focus on solving specific problems to drag out the best performance of matters and have less interest in providing a common framework to apply for diverse numerical domains in engineering education, especially for fluid dynamics. This paper presents an integrated e-Science experiment tool which could be easily applicable to solve various numerical analyses in fluid dynamics. As a proof-of-concept, an integrated e-Science framework with three numerical analyses has been designed and implemented over UNICORE that runs over grid computing environment.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.39-57
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• 2009

As electronic commerce becomes more common and the data volume of e-catalog increases, a systematic approach to data quality management is being required. Upon the necessity, we propose a process-based framework for e-catalog data quality management. This is the methodology for data management and improvement activities continuously performed to satisfy the expectation of industry to e-catalog systems. In the framework, contents for quality management consist of data, quality management items, and quality management processes. These are again subdivided according to organization levels, i.e, user, data administrator, and chief information officer.