• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2001년도 ICCAS
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• pp.114.1-114
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• 2001

GPS Receiver gives pseudorange Doppler and integrated carrier phase for measurements to compute navigation information. Thought the integrated carrier phase can be transfer to the equal domain as pseudorange by multiplying the wave length of the received signal, in order to get position information from the carrier phase measurements the integer ambiguity should be resolved. And differencing technique is generally used to eliminate the common error terms of the integrated carrier phase measurements between robber and server. In short baseline double-differencing operation has effect on elimination the common biases for both stations and thus ambiguity resolution are to be reliable. But the baseline increases, the integer ambiguity resolution is hardly, due to the correlated common error is increase ...

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.446-454
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• 2022

This study proposes a carrier-based pulse width modulation (PWM) method for leakage current reduction and neutral point (NP) current control in a three-phase three-level converter, which is a carrier-based PWM version of the previously proposed low-frequency common mode voltage PWM. Three groups of space vectors with the same common mode voltage are used. When the averaged NP current needs to be positive or negative, the specific groups are employed to produce low-frequency common mode voltages. The validity of the proposed PWM method is verified through experiments.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2015

This paper describes boundary analysis for modeling Aircraft Carrier Sortie Generation System(CVSGS). An aircraft carrier, as a super system, is a warship going into battle by operating a number of aircraft on deck and it should be lay down a definition about aviation operations interacting between aircraft carrier and carrier air wing in small deck area. For this reason this paper models common aviation support system for generating sortie basic unit of carrier aviation operations unlike to general warship and defines boundaries between this system and aircraft carrier and carrier air wing. This paper analysis activities of aircraft carrier and embarked carrier air wing in carrier aviation operations, and analysis and defines boundaries Aircraft Carrier Sortie Generation System(CVSGS) to perform core functions in interacting between aircraft carrier and embarked carrier air wing.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2006

In all cargo cases one of the first things the person handling the claim must do is decide who is potentially liable as a carrier of the goods. This issue arises because bills of lading often do not identify the carrier. The "carrier" could be the shipowner or the charterer or both. The issue of the identity of the "carrier" is a question of fact. The question to ask in each case is who undertook or agreed to carry and deliver the goods. The answer to this question will largely depend on the facts. The shipowner is almost always liable as a carrier under Common law provided there is no demise charter of the ship. The more recent case law, however, suggests that in the usual situation both the charterer and shipowner will be liable. Accordingly, both the owner and charterer should be put on notice of any claim and, in the event an extension of suit time is required, the extension should be obtained from both. An alternative method by which the charterer can avoid liability is to insert and 'Identity of Carrier' clause in the bill of lading.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.291-308
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• 2009

The implied obligation under the contract of affreightment not to carry dangerous goods without prior notice to the carrier applies to the contractual relationship between the charterer and the owner under charterparties. The charterers will be in breach of an implied undertaking under the common law if they load dangerous cargoes without making notice of dangerous nature of them to the owner. It is indicated to be necessary to change the term "shipper" to "charterer", with relation to such implied obligation, where the Hague/Hague-Visby Rules are incorporated into the charter, however, it is not so apparent where an actual shipper is involved. So long as an actual shipper could be identified, the shipper rather than the charterer shall be responsible for damages arising from the dangerous nature of the cargo itself. In this case, the actual shipper is interpreted to have an implied contractual relationship with the carrier just by the act of delivering the cargo to the carrier for loading. If the vessel were damaged by shipment of the dangerous cargo under charterparty, the carrier can claim against such damages based on the contractual obligations under charterparties: "implied and expressed duty not to ship dangerous cargo without notice to the carrier"; "Art.IV.6 of the Hague/Hague-Visby Rules"; "Indemnity Clause" and "Redelivery Clause". The carrier has the conventional right under the Hague/Hague-Visby Rules to land, destroy or render the goods innocuous where the dangerous cargo threatens the means of transport or other interests on board. When the carrier has not consented to make the shipment, the carrier's disposal right could be exercised without limitation. However, where the carrier has consented to make the shipment of the dangerous goods with the knowledge concerned, the right of disposal of such goods should be exercised with limitation.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38A권1호
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• pp.44-57
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 co-channel deployment 방식을 사용하는 closed access 펨토셀 주변에서 마크로셀 단말의 동기소실 문제를 해결하고 펨토셀의 전력 누수 때문에 발생하는 셀 탐색을 줄이기 위하여 CS(Common Signal)을 사용한 펨토셀 탐색 기법을 제안한다. CS는 특정 마크로셀 내의 펨토셀들이 같은 시간에 공통으로 전송하는 신호로, 펨토셀이 CS를 송신할 경우 마크로셀 내에서 마크로셀 기지국의 CINR(Carrier to Interference Noise and Ratio) 값이 크게 유지되어 closed access 펨토셀 주변에서 마크로셀 단말이 동기를 유지할 수 있다. 또한, CS는 단말이 CS를 사용하여 측정한 CSCINR(Common Signal Carrier to Interference Noise and Ratio) 값을 이용하여 펨토셀 존재 여부를 판단할 수 있도록 설계되므로, 마크로셀 단말은 마크로셀 기지국에 동기를 유지하면서 펨토셀 존재여부를 판단할 수 있다. 그리고 제안된 방식에서는 옥외에서 이동 중인 단말이 자신의 이동성을 이용하여 펨토셀 탐색 여부를 판단함으로써 단말의 펨토셀 탐색 빈도를 줄인다. 따라서 펨토셀 탐색에 대한 부담을 줄이고, 이에 대한 부가적 이득으로 핸드오버 시도의 빈도 감소를 기대할 수 있다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.336-342
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• 2016

H-CSR(Harmonized Common Structural Rules) integrating CSR-BC(Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carriers) and CSR-OT(Common Structural Rules for Double Hull Oil Tankers) came into effect in July of 2015, so that bulk carrier and double hull oil tanker should comply with this rules. So far, several studies for trend analysis of requirements of structure scantling based on H-CSR have been carried out briskly. However, those studies are rare to apply H-CSR in actual structural design of ships, especially bulk carriers. In this study, an automated system for compartment arrangement is used to search the design case that minimizes still water bending moment(S.W.B.M) in 38k bulk carrier designed by Far East Ship Design & Engineering Co. Ltd. Also, various structural design cases are considered by changing arrangement of structural members to reduce ship weight. The SeaTrust-Hullscan software developed by Korean Register is used to perform structural design of ships based on mother ship and proper design cases are selected by user. The DSA(Direct Strength Analysis) is performed to evaluate structural safety for the yielding and buckling analysis by using MSC Nastran software. The effect of weight reduction is verified by comparison of ship weight between mother ship and the selected design cases.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.393-404
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• 2016

In this paper, a carrier-based pulse with modulation (PWM) strategy for three-phase three-level inverter is dealt with, which can keep the common mode voltage constant with minimized switching frequency. The voltage gain and the switching frequency in overall operating ranges including overmodulation are investigated and the analytic equations are presented. Finally, the leakage current reduction effect is confirmed by carrying out simulation and experiment. It will be pointed out that the leakage current cannot be perfectly eliminated because of the dead time.

• 대한조선학회 특별논문집
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• 대한조선학회 2011년도 특별논문집
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• pp.17-20
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• 2011

The International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) had developed the Common Structural Rules (CSR) for bulk carriers as per the needs noted above. ISO and IMO GBS (Goal-Based Standards) are now being developed in this regard. This study has been prepared to verity the strength of forward cargo hold of 82,000 DWT class bulk carriers. A cargo hold/tank 3-D FE model was established to assess the structural adequacy of the primary structural members with the loading conditions. Full breadth model was established for the analysis considering asymmetric nature of structural layout and loading conditions. To summarize this result of structural assessment based on IACS CRS for bulk carrier, it is benefit to design this kind of bulk carriers and to study the strength assessment for the similar type of bulk carriers.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.509-516
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• 2015

The overmodulation characteristics of a carrier-based medium vector pulse width modulation (CBMVPWM) are examined in this study. CBMVPWM can completely eliminate leakage currents in a three-phase, three-level inverter using only the switching states with the same common mode voltage even in an overmodulation operation. The analytic equations for the magnitude of the output voltage and the switching frequency are derived for overmodulation operation, and the effect of dead time on the leakage current is demonstrated. This study presents the operating principle of CBMVPWM, basic overmodulation features, and simulations and experiments for operating verification.