• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.443-450
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• 2000

PWM 인버터에 의하여 구동되는 유도전동기는 뛰어난 동작특성을 가지고 있지만, 커먼 모드 전압과 고주파 누설전류를 야기한다. 이 고주파 누설 전류는 여러가지 문제점을 일으킨다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 일으키는 고주파 누설 전류와 커먼 모드 진압을 감쇄하기 위하여 커먼 모드 전압과 크기가 같고 반대극성을 가진 전압을 4 level half bridge 인버터를 이용하여 생성하고, 이것을 커먼 모드 transformer에 인가하여 고주파 누설 전류 역시 감쇄시킬 수 있는 새로운 형태의 능동형 커먼 모드 전압 감쇄기를 제안한다. 그리고 제안한 감쇄기의 동작 성능을 시뮬레이션과 실험을 통하여 검증하였다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.151-168
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• 2006

Objectives: To help the Oriental medicine clinical studies for the common cold treatment, this study analyzed the tendency of research into complementary medicine on the common cold recently published in PubMed. Methods: This study analyzed 26 research papers on complementary medicine on the common cold published in PubMed Over the past 10 years. It measured annually and for each country the number of papers published, the number of subjects, the period of research, the area of trial, the method of study, the objective of study, and intervention, respectively and intervention, the objective of study, and the result of trials overall. Results: There were research papers concerning treatment, prevention, safety of herbal medicine, inducement, and improvement of symptoms of the common cold in the study objective the most among them concerned treatment of the common cold. There were more positive results compared to negative results for treatment and prevention. The results for safety and symptom improvement were positive, while the results for the inducement were indeterminate. There were research papers about using food and medicine, acupuncture, hydrotherapy, and cold exposure in intervention the most among them were about using food and medicine. The food and medicine interventions were Echinacea preparations, vitamins, zinc preparations, Baptisia, Thuja, the root of North American ginseng, probiotic bacteria, troxerutin, garlic, Andrographis paniculata, and caffeine. The use of Echinacea preparations was the most frequent among them. Conclusions: Recent research results of complementary medicine on the common cold were more positive than negative.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.488-493
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• 2014

This paper presents a carrier-based pulse-width modulation(PWM) method for reducing the common-mode voltage of a three-level four-leg converter. The idea of the proposed PWM method is intuitive and easy to be implemented in digital signal processor-based converter control systems. On the basis of the analysis of space-vector PWM(SVPWM) and sinusoidal PWM(SPWM) switching patterns, the fourth leg pole voltage of the three-phase converter called "f leg pole voltage" is manipulated to reduce the common-mode voltage. To synthesize f leg pole voltage for the suppression of the common-mode voltage, positive and negative pole voltage references of f leg are calculated. An offset voltage is also deduced to prevent the distortion of a, b, and c phase voltages. The feasibility of the proposed PWM method is verified by simulation and experimental results. The common-mode voltage of the proposed PWM method in peak-to-peak value is 33% in comparison with that of the conventional SVPWM method. The transition number of the common-mode voltage is also reduced to 25%.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

The purpose of this research is to find out the differences of participation in common activities and life satisfaction of Swedish senior cohousing residents between the years of 2001 and 2010 by conducting a longitudinal study. The same questionnaire were surveyed nationwide to 186 residents of 8 Senior $G{\aa}rden$ cohousings in 2001 and 127 residents of 4 +40 cohousings in 2010, resulting in total 313 respondents' data. The results show that the +40 cohousing respondents are more likely than Senior $G{\aa}rden$ cohousing respondents to participate in all common activities, especially common meals and common coffee meetings. However, the subjective evaluation of the quantity as well as the contents of participating in common activities does not statistically differ in the two groups and life satisfaction is similarly high with a few differences. The +40 cohousing respondents are less likely to stay at and more likely to move into age-mixed cohousing if they have a chance to move when compared to their Senior $G{\aa}rden$ cohousing counterparts. The result of this research reveals that the general characteristics of senior cohousing residents have been changed and they have become more likely to be active participants of various common activities and have high life satisfaction.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.862-866
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• 2016

Common stalked barnacle Pollicipes mitella is a filter-feeding crustacean that attaches itself to the surfaces of rocks in the ocean intertidal zone. Pollicipes mitella is one of about a dozen species of goose barnacle that are gathered commercially for human consumption. In Portugal and Spain, they are a widely consumed and expensive delicacy known as "Percebes (Pollicipes pollicipes )". However, common stalked barnacle is less popular in Korea, and information on its nutritional component is not yet available. In the present study, we analyzed the proximate and fatty acid compositions and mineral content of common stalked barnacle (muscle and cirrus). The muscle and cirrus of common stalked barnacle were 15.1% and 14.3% protein, and 3.31% and 1.81% lipid, respectively. The prominent fatty acids in the muscle and cirrus were 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), 16:0, 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), 18:0, 18:1n-9, 16:1n-7 and 14:0. In particular, common stalked barnacle contained high levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as DHA (25.4-25.6%) and EPA (14.7-15.1%), and low levels of the n-6 fatty acid, 20:4n-6 (1.2-1.3%). Common stalked barnacle contained a relatively large amount of Zn (10-42 mg/100 g) in its muscle and cirrus.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1226-1233
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• 2009

Common cold occurs frequently and occupies an important position in medical treatment however obvious treatment is not suggested. There has been no agreement of pattern identification for common cold in oriental medicine. The purpose of this study is to develop a standard instrument of pattern identification for common cold which will be applied to clinical research. The items and structure of the instrument were based on review of published literature. The advisor committee on this study was organized by 9 oriental respiratory internal medicine professors of 11 oriental medical colleges nationwide. The experts attended 3 consultation meetings and discussed developing the instrument, and we also took professional advices by e-mail. The results were as follows; First, we divided the pattern identification of common cold into nine pattern: Wind-cold type, Wind-heat type, Contain summerheat type, Contain dampness type, Qi deficiency type, Blood deficiency type, Yang deficiency type, Yin deficiency type, Influenza. Second, we got the mean weights to each symptom of nine pattern identification which had been scored on a 5-point scale - ranging from 0 to 4 by the 9 experts. Third, we made out the Korean instrument of the pattern identification for common cold. It was composed self reporting questionnaire and researcher reporting questionnaire. Though this study is not proved about validity, reliability, the instrument of pattern identification for common cold is meaningful and expected to be applied to the subsequent research. And also, we hope to improve the instrument and make up for this study through various research and discussion.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2000

Thymus속의 common thyme과 thyme의 담액수경 재배시 배양액의 이온농도를 달리하여 두 종의 생육과 품질을 비교하였다. 배양액의 이온농도는 1.2, 2.4, 4.8 그리고 $7.2mS.cm^{-1}$로 하였다. 두 종 모두 $0.5(EC=1.2\;mS.cm^{-1})$배와 1배의 낮은 이온농도 처리에서 생육이 좋았다. Common thyme과 lemon thyme의 생육은 배양액내 이온농도가 높아질수록 건물율은 증가했으나 초장, 근장과 생체중은 감소하였다. 엽록소 함량은 lemon thyme에서 더 높았으나 비타민 C의 함량과 정유함량은 common thyme에서 더 높았다. 두 종간의 주요 정유 성분 차이를 보면, common thyme의 주성분은 thymo과 carvacrol이고, lemon thyme은 geranio과 ${\alpha}-citral$로 각각 정유 성분의 50~70%를 차지하고 있다. 이들의 각 주성분의 함량은 생육이 좋았던 0.5배에서 가장 많았다. 결과적으로 수경재배시 common thyme과 lemon thyme 모두 허브 배양액 0.5배액으로 재배시 우수한 품질의 작물을 생산할 수 있었다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

Objectives We analyzed visiting patterns to medical institutions and cost per visit according to the common cold patients aged 0-19 years. We analyzed Korean medical treatment for common cold. Methods Using the Pediatric Patient Sample data of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA-PPS), we analyzed the data on health insurance claims of approximately 1 million people from 2017 to 2019. The data included the number of patients who visited the hospital due to common cold for the first and second time, the ratio of second visits by type of medical institution, and the status of prescriptions in Korean medical institutions. Results The number of patients visiting healthcare providers for common cold was higher in Western medical institutions than in Korean medical institutions. However, the number of second visits was higher in Korean medical institutions. Acupuncture is the most commonly used medical treatment in Korean medical institutions for common cold. Herbal medicine for common cold was usually prescribed for 2-3 days for children and adolescents. Conclusions Although the average medical cost of Korean medical institutions was higher than that of Western medical institutions, the rate of second visits to Korean medical institutions was higher because of the demand for Korean medical treatment

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.434-445
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• 2023

We investigated whether FTY-720 might have an effect on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis through inhibiting TGF-β1 pathway, and up-regulating autophagy. The pulmonary fibrosis was induced by bleomycin. FTY-720 (1 mg/kg) drug was intraperitoneally injected into mice. Histological changes and inflammatory factors were observed, and EMT and autophagy protein markers were studied by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of bleomycin on MLE-12 cells were detected by MTT assay and flow cytometry, and the related molecular mechanisms were studied by Western Blot. FTY-720 considerably attenuated bleomycin-induced disorganization of alveolar tissue, extracellular collagen deposition, and α-SMA and E-cadherin levels in mice. The levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 cytokines were attenuated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, as well as protein content and leukocyte count. COL1A1 and MMP9 protein expressions in lung tissue were significantly reduced. Additionally, FTY-720 treatment effectively inhibited the expressions of key proteins in TGF-β1/TAK1/P38MAPK pathway and regulated autophagy proteins. Similar results were additionally found in cellular assays with mouse alveolar epithelial cells. Our study provides proof for a new mechanism for FTY-720 to suppress pulmonary fibrosis. FTY-720 is also a target for treating pulmonary fibrosis.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.19-32
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• 2001

In this paper, we give some common fixed point theorems for five and six mappings satisfying the Mann-type iteration in Banach spaces. We improve some results of Gornicki and Rhoades, Khan and Imdad, Cho, Fisher and Kang, Cirick and many others.