• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.3-29
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• 2008

The volume of air passengers and cargo transportation has increased rapidly in recent years. This trend will be even more noticeable as the high-tech service industry expands and the globalization progresses. In an effort to reflect and to cope with this trend, many conventions concerning international air transportation have been concluded. The Republic of Korea has also acceded to the Montreal Convention of 1999 on September 20th, 2007 which became effective on December 29th 2007. However, Korea currently does not provide any private law on the liability of domestic air carrier, leaving the regulation wholly to the general conditions of carriage of private air lines. These general conditions of carriage, however, are not sufficient to regulate the liabilities of domestic air carriers, because they cannot be fully recognized as a legitimate source of law applicable in the court. This situation is inconvenient for both air carrier and their customers. Thus, the Ministry of Justice of Korea has decided to enact a law that will regulate domestic air transportation, namely, "Domestic Carriage by Air Act", as a part of the Korean Commercial Code. So was composed a special committee for legislation of the Domestic Carriage by Air Act. This writer has led the committee as a chairman. The committee has held in total 10 meetings so far and has completed a draft bill for the part VI of the Korean Commercial Code, "Air Carriage." The essentials of the draft are as follows: First, the establishment of Part VI in the Commercial Code. The Korean Commercial Code already includes a series of provisions on road transportation in part II and carriage by sea in part V. In addition to these rules regulating different types of transportation, the Domestic Carriage by Air Act will newly establish part VI to regulate air carriages. Eventually, the Commercial Code will provide an integrated legal system on the transportation industry. Second, the acceptance of the basic liability system which major international conventions, such as Montreal Convention of 1999 and Guadalajara Convention of 1961, have adopted. This is very important, because the law of air carriage is unified worldwide through various international conventions, making it necessary and significant for the new act to achieve conformity between rules of international air carriage and that of domestic air carriage. Third, the acceptance of Rome Convention system on damage caused by foreign aircraft to third parties on the surface. Fourth, the application of rules on domestic road carriage or carriage by sea mutatis mutandis with necessary modifications. This very point is the merit of inserting domestic air transportation law into the Commercial Code. By doing so, the number of articles can be reduced and the rules on air carriage can conform to that of road transportation and carriage by sea. The bill is expected to be passed by the parliament at the end of this year and is expected to be effective by end of July 2009.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2009

This study aims for proposing improvement method for streetscape in a small and medium city of Korea. According to this purpose, in chapter 2, by inspecting conservation of street environment and streetscape, deduce the frame for analyzing streetscape in commercial district. In chapter 3, analyzing present condition and problems of selected streets in Pohang City, derive the primary factors to induce desirable streetscape through problems and their reason between the analyzed elements of building form. Analyzed elements are composed of floor elements, wall elements, ceiling elements. The detailed elements are pavement of road, street furniture, height of buildings, color and material of building and outdoor advertisements. In chapter 4, by conducting a questionnaire survey of pedestrians about street images -choosing impressive physical elements and the feeling of the street by the list of adjective of semantic differential scale- and the preference, propose the direction of improvement about streetscape in commercial district.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.518-523
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• 1995

To improve the set comfort of commercial vehicles in various road conditions, it is necessary to design a seat shock absorber which can avoid the vibration zone imposing the discomfort feeling and fatigue on drivers. Through the vibration and dynamic analysis, a shock absorber that has 4 steps of damping ability is developed. Dynamic characteristics analysis of the seat damper is performed considering each valve and oil path for the design purpose.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.969-972
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• 2013

In this paper, we presented high-pass OBU device to support eco driving for commercial vehicles such as heavy trucks. The proposed OBU is convergence OBU (On Board Units) platform with high-pass toll functions and eco driving functions. In order to verity performance of proposed OBU device, we conducted test drives on road.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.957-960
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• 2013

Eco driving comprises the use of feedback information that informs the driver of vehicle performance. This paper evaluated the performance of feedback device that reported instantaneous fuel economy to drivers while driving. We took the measurement by getting data through OBD port from commercial vehicle covered 67 km on road. The changes observed in fuel efficiency were established 10.6 % improvement in fuel economy.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.575-582
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• 2015

The Durability cycle is very important for the success of vehicle testing to evaluate Retarder. The purpose of this study is to develop the durability mode on performance evaluation of retarder. Commercial vehicles are equipped with an auxiliary braking device in order to increase safety. A typical device for retarder depends heavily on imports. Domestic development has now become an urgent task. But, No state has an evaluation method for performance evaluation of the auxiliary braking device. We presented the durability test mode for the performance evaluation of the retarder was verified experimentally.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.81-90
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• 1995

Anti-lock Brake System has been developed to reduce tendency for wheel lock and improve vehicle control during sudden braking on slippery road surfaces. This is achieved by controlling the braking pressure avoiding wheel lock, while retaining handling and brake performance. This paper is concerned about characteristics of a solenoid valve in hydraulic modulator for controlling brake pressure. First, it was modeling the electromagnet by the permeance method. Second, it was modeling the commercial Maxwell poackage program. And then, a experiment was performed in order to justify modeling. The result of modeling coincided with teh result of experiment and commercial packabe program. As a result, these modelings will be able to use in analysis of dynamic character- istics of the solenoid valve for braking.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.169-188
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• 2013

Tabriz under Mongol Ilkhanate rule commanded a global reach in the thirteenth-century Afro-Eurasian world. Tabriz functioned during this period not only as a commercial emporium and diplomatic center but as a seat of innovative artistic and intellectual activity. Consideration of Tabriz as a world historical city offers insight into the economic and social dynamics that shaped a critical passage in Eurasia's history including regions of the Mediterranean and East Asian zones.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.898-906
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• 2002

Antilock Brake System (ABS) is designed to prevent wheels from being locked-up under emergency braking of a vehicle. Therefore it improves directional stability of the vehicle, shortens stopping distance, and enhances maneuvering during braking, regardless of road conditions. Hardware In-the-Loop Simulation (HILS) is an effective tool for design Performance evaluation and test of vehicle subsystems such as ABS, active suspension, and steering systems. This paper describes a HILS model for ABS/ ASR(Acceleration Slip Regulation) system applications. A fourteen degrees-of-freedom vehicle dynamics model is simulated in an alpha-chip processor board. The proposed HILS system is tested with a basic ABS control algorithm. The design and implementation of HILS system for the ABS ECU(Electronic Control Unit) development of commercial vehicle are presented. The results show that the proposed HILS system can be used to test the performance, stability, and reliability of a vehicle under braking.

• Strategy21
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• s.37
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• pp.104-143
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• 2015

China's new grand strategy, the "One Belt, One Road Initiative" (also Belt Road Initiative, or BRI) has two primary components: Chinese President Xi Jinping announced the "Silk Road Economic Belt" in September 2013 during a visit to Kazakhstan, and the "21^st Century Maritime Silk Route Economic Belt" in a speech to the Indonesian parliament the following month. The BRI is intended to supply China with energy and new markets, and also to integrate the countries of Central Asia, the Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN), and the Indian Ocean Region - though not Northeast Asia - into the "Chinese Dream". The project will be supported by the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), due to open in 2016 with 57 founding members from all around the world, and China has already promised US$ 50 billion in seed funding. China's vision includes networks of energy pipelines, railways, sea port facilities and logistics hubs; these will have obvious commercial benefits, but also huge geopolitical significance. China seems to have two distinct aims: externally, to restore its historical sphere of influence; and internally, to cope with income inequalities by creating middle-class jobs through enhanced trade and the broader development of its economy. In South Korea, opinion on the BRI is sharply polarized. Economic and industrial interests, including Korea Railroad Corporation (KORAIL), support South Korean involvement in the BRI and closer economic interactions with China. They see how the BRI fits nicely with President Park Geun-hye's Eurasia Initiative, and anticipate significant commercial benefits for South Korea from better connections to energy-rich Russia and the consumer markets of Europe and Central Asia. They welcome the prospect of reduced trade barriers between China and South Korea, and of improved transport infrastructure, and perceive the political risks as manageable. But some ardently pro-US pundits worry that the political risks of the BRI are too high. They cast doubt on the feasibility of implementing the BRI, and warn that although it has been portrayed primarily in economic terms, it actually reveals a crucial Chinese geopolitical strategy. They are fearful of China's growing regional dominance, and worried that the BRI is ultimately a means to supplant the prevailing US-led regional security structure and restore the Middle Kingdom order, with China as the only power that matters in the region. According to this view, once China has complete control of the regional logistics hubs and sea ports, this will severely limit the autonomy of China's neighbors, including South Korea, who will have to toe the Chinese line, both economically and politically, or risk their own peace and prosperity.