• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1246-1251
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• 2013

산업공단지역의 폐수에서 분리한 유기용매 내성 Pseudomonas sp. BCNU 154 리파아제의 최적조건은 $37^{\circ}C$, pH8로 조사되었다. BCNU 154의 crude 리파아제는 toluene에서 2시간 반응시 효소활성 약 6.01 U/ml (117.53%)로 가장 안정한 것으로 나타났다. 한편 $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $NH_4{^+}$, $Na^+$ 이온 및 triton X-100은 효소를 활성화시킨 반면에 $Ba^{2+}$, $Hg^{2+}$ 및 $Zn^{2+}$ 이온은 효소활성을 억제하였다. Pseudomonas sp. BCNU 154 리파아제는 상용 고정화 효소인 Novozym 435와 비교해서도 안정한 활성을 보였다. 그러므로 유기용매 내성 리파아제는 별도의 고정화 처리없이도 화학산업공정에서 가능성 있는 whole cell 생물촉매로서 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.156-162
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• 1988

섬유소 분해효소를 생산하는 P. verruculosum F-3 의 세포융합에 관한 연구의 일환으로 균사체로부터의 원형질체 형성과 재생 최적조건을 검토하였다. 세포벽 분해효소로 유효한 각종시판효소제제중 0.5%(w/v) Novozym 234가 가장 효과적이었고 PDY 배지로 3$0^{\circ}C$ 20시간 배양한 균사체 400mg을 3$0^{\circ}C$ 1시간 반응시 가장 많은 원형질체가 형성되었다. 원형질체 형성을 위한 최적 삼투압 조절제는 0.7M sorbitol(pH5.6)이었고 원형질체 재생을 위한 최적 삼투압 조절제는 0.6M MgSO$_4$(pH 5.6)이었으며 RCM에서의 재생율은 4.6~27.8%였다. 원형질체를 RLM에 배양시 균사체로 환원되는 형태적 변화가 관찰되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.351-356
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• 2013

A high ${\beta}$-glucosidase (BGL)-producing strain, Stereum hirsutum, was identified and isolated and showed a maximum BGL activity (10.4 U/ml) when cultured with Avicel and tryptone as the carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. In comparison with other BGLs, BGL obtained from S. hirsutum showed a higher level of activity to cellobiose ($V_{max}$ = 172 U/mg, and $k_{cat}$ = 281/s). Under the optimum conditions (600 rpm, $30^{\circ}C$, and pH 6.0), the maximum BGL activity of 10.4 U/ml with the overall productivity of 74.5 U/l/h was observed. BGL production was scaled up from a laboratory scale (7-L fermenter) to a pilot scale (70-L fermenter). When S. hirsutum was cultured in fed-batch culture with rice straw as the carbon source in a 70-L fermenter, a comparable productivity of 78.6 U/l/h was obtained. Furthermore, S. hirsutum showed high levels of activity of other lignocellulases (cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase, xylanase, and laccase) that are involved in the saccharification of biomasses. Application of S. hirsutum lignocellulases in the hydrolysis of Pinus densiflora and Catalpa ovata showed saccharification yields of 49.7% and 43.0%, respectively, which were higher than the yield obtained using commercial enzymes.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.99-103
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• 2011

This study was performed to determine the optimal hydrolysis conditions for the production of a flavoring from the precipitation of snow crab cooker effluent (PSCCE) with commercial proteases. Based on cost-per-enzyme activity and sensory evaluations, Flavourzyme$^{(R)}$ 500 MG plus Protamex$^{(R)}$ (1:1 ratio, w/w) were selected as suitable enzymes. Three independent variables consisting of the substrate concentration (S), enzyme-to-substrate ratio (E/S), and hydrolysis time (T) were examined using response surface methodology (RSM). A model equation obtained from RSM was used to predict the degree of hydrolysis (DH) as follows: % DH = 52.285 - 6.371[S] + 5.469[E/S] + 7.599[T] - $5.818[S]^2$ - $5.633[E/S]^2$ - $6.528[T]^2$ - 3.265[E/S][S] - 5.415[T][S] + 4.315[T][E/S]. From the ridge analysis, the conditions favoring the highest degree of hydrolysis were pH 7.45, $55^{\circ}C$, a S of 21.82%, an E/S of 0.50%, and a T of 3.74 h.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 1999

갈래곰보의 원혈질체 분리와 배양 조건을 확립하여 생명공학기술에 의한 유전적 형질개량의 기초조건을 마련코자 하였다. Abalone acetone powder,소라의 내장조효소, Pseudomanas와 Vibrio의 조효소, Cellulas R-10, Macerozyme R-10, Hemicellulase, Pectinase, Driselase, Protease 등을 0.6M mannitol과 0.5% potassium dextran sulfate를 함유한 50mM MES 해수완충액(pH 6.0)에 단독 또는 조합하여 조제한 효소액을 갈래곰보의엽체에 처리하였을 때 Abalone acetone powder 4.0% + Macerozyme R-10 4.0% + Hemicellulase 4.0% 효소조합액의 처리로서 생체조직 1g당 $107.6{\times}10^4$개의 원혈질체를 분리시킬 수 있었다. 갓 분리한 원형질체는 투명한 타원형으로 $7{\mu} m$~ $24{\mu} m$의 범위에 분포하였다. 0.2M mannitol을 첨가한 $ASP_{12}$배지에 배양한 세포는 9일 후 분열되고 25일 후 발아하였다. $ASP_{12}$배지는 f/2배지보다 갈래 곰보의 원혈질체 배양에 효과적이었으며 Guillard 항생물질조합액의 처리는 분화에 장애가 되었다.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한불임학회 2000년도 제39차 춘계 학술대회
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• pp.13-28
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• 2000

Human spermatozoa exhibit a capacity to generate ROS and initiate peroxidation of the unsaturated fatty acids in the sperm plasma membrane, which plays a key role in the etiology of male infertility. The short half-life and limited diffusion of these molecules is consistent with their physiologic role in key biological events such as acrosome reaction and hyperactivation. The intrinsic reactivity of these metabolites in peroxidative damage induced by ROS, particularly $H_2O_2$ and the superoxide anion, has been proposed as a major cause of defective sperm function in cases of male infertility. The number of antioxidants known to attack different stages of peroxidative damage is growing, and it will be of interest to compare alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid with these for their therapeutic potential in vitro and in vivo. Both spermatozoa and leukocytes generate ROS, although leukocytes produce much higher levels. The clinical significance of leukocyte presence in semen is controversial. Seminal plasma confers some protection against ROS damage because it contains enzymes that scavenge ROS, such as catalase and superoxide dismutase. A variety of defense mechanisms comprising a number of antioxidants can be employed to reduce or overcome oxidative stress caused by excessive ROS. Determination of male infertility etiology is important, as it will help us develop effective therapies to overcome excessive ROS generation. ROS can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on the spermatozoa and the balancing between the amounts of ROS produced and the amounts scavenged at any moment will determine whether a given sperm function will be promoted or jeopardized. Accurate assessment of ROS levels and, subsequently, OS is Vital, as this will help clinicians both elucidate the fertility status and identify the subgroups of patients that respond or do not respond to these therapeutic strategies. The overt commercial claims of antioxidant benefits and supplements for fertility purposes must be cautiously looked into, until proper multicentered clinical trials are studied. From the current data it appears that no Single adjuvant will be able to enhance the fertilizing capacity of sperm in infertile men, and a combination of the possible strategies that are not toxic at the dosage used would be a feasible approach.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.672-681
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of enzymatic digests from citrus by-products (CBPs) prepared by high speed drying (HSD). HSD needs a short time (60 min) for drying and can be used in a commercial scale. Enzymatic digests were prepared from the CBPs using 6 enzymes such as aminoglucosidase (AMG), celluclast, pectinex, termamyl, ultraflo, and viscozyme. Antioxidant activities of AMG digest from CBPs were evaluated by different in vitro models such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, alkyl, $H_2O_2$ scavenging, metal chelating, lipid peroxidation, and comet assays, and exhibited strong activities. The antioxidant compounds were detected by an high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled on-line to an 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid ($ABTS^+$) scavenging detection system, and found that hesperidin was the key compound. Therefore, the results obtained in this study suggest that HSD is an effective method to transform wet CBPs into dried form, and CBPs are potential source of natural antioxidant.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.137-149
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the effets of hesperidin extracted from tangerine peel on Cadmium (Cd) and lipid metabolism lipid peroxide formation, and antioxidative enzyme activities in rats. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 158.3$\pm$3.5g were blocked into eight groups according to body weight. Rats were raised for three weeks with diets containing 0 or 0.04%(w/w) cadmium chloride and 1%(w/w) extracted hesperidin from tangerine peel, commercial hesperidin or naringin. Food intake, weight gain and food efficiency ratio were significantly lower in the Cd-administered groups. The Cd concentrations in blood and liver and the Cd excretions in urine and feces were significantly higher in the Cd-administered groups. Among the Cd groups, blood Cd concentrations were decreased, fecal Cd excretions were increased, and Cd retenition ratios were decreased by feeding flavonoid diets. Plasma total lipid concentrations were significantly lower in the extracted hesperidin group, plasma triglyceride concentrations were significantly lower in the extracted hesperidin and naringin groups. Plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations and HDL : total cholesterol ratios were increased by feeding flavonoids. Among the Cd groups, liver total lipid concentratons were decreased by feeding flavonoids. Fecal total lipid, fecal cholesterol, and fecal triglyceride excretions were significantly higher in the naringin group, and they were increased by feeding flavonoids among Cd groups. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance concentrations in plasma and liver were higher in Cd groups, and were significantly decreased by feeding flavonoids. The activities of erythrocyte catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase showed a tendency to increase by feeding. The activities of liver catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were not significantly affected by administering Cd or flavonoids. In conclusion, all flavonoids that were used in this experiment inhibited lipid peroxide formation in plasma and liver, but this effect was not caused by the increased in the activities of antioxidative enzymes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.949-955
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• 2021

Previously, our research group isolated Bifidobacterium breve IDCC4401 from infant feces as a potential probiotic. For this study, we evaluated the safety of B. breve IDCC4401 using genomic and phenotypic analyses. Whole genome sequencing was performed to identify genomic characteristics and investigate the potential presence of genes encoding virulence, antibiotic resistance, and mobile genetic elements. Phenotypic analyses including antibiotic susceptibility, enzyme activity, production of biogenic amines (BAs), and proportion of D-/L-lactate were evaluated using E-test, API ZYM test, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and D-/L-lactic acid assay respectively. The genome of B. breve IDCC4401 consists of 2,426,499 bp with a GC content of 58.70% and 2,016 coding regions. Confirmation of the genome as B. breve was provided by its 98.93% similarity with B. breve DSM20213. Furthermore, B. breve IDCC4401 genes encoding virulence and antibiotic resistance were not identified. Although B. breve IDCC4401 showed antibiotic resistance against vancomycin, we confirmed that this was an intrinsic feature since the antibiotic resistance gene was not present. B. breve IDCC4401 showed leucine arylamidase, cystine arylamidase, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, and α-glucosidase activities, whereas it did not show production of harmful enzymes such as β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase. In addition, B. breve IDCC4401 did not produce any tyramine, histamine, putrescine, cadaverine, or 2-phenethylamine, which are frequently detected BAs during fermentation. B. breve IDCC4401 produced 95.08% of L-lactate and 4.92% of D-lactate. Therefore, our findings demonstrate the safety of B. breve IDCC 4401 as a potential probiotic for use in the food industry.

• 공업화학
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.336-339
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• 2011

해조류는 잠재력이 있는 풍부한 발효기질이다. 해조류의 효소가수분해를 상업용 셀룰라아제 및 비스코자임과 함께 알칼리 과산화수소 전처리에 의해서 검토하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 해조류는 구멍갈파래이며, 전처리 평가는 효소가수분해 후 얻어진 글루코오스의 수율로 나타내었다. 알칼리 과산화수소는 과산화수소 1 wt%에 수산화나트륨을 1~1.75 wt% 범위로 혼합하였다. $60^{\circ}C$에서 3 h 동안 전처리한 결과 5 wt% 과산화수소를 사용했을 때에 가장 높은 글루코오스 전환율을 보였다. 알칼리 과산화수소로 전처리한 후 필요한 효소의 양은 전처리하지 않은 구멍갈파래에 비하여 상당히 절감되었으며, 아울러 효소 가수분해동안 얻어진 글루코오스의 양은 증가되었다.