• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2011

Recently, Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) has focused on developing quality control guidelines for all commercial products in Korea to enforce regulations, improve the quality control, and protect consumers by developing prevalently used and efficient analytical tools to determine and quantify target compounds. Because the Korean Pharmacopeia (KP) presents microbiological assays for biotin, which is laborious and time-consuming, this study is focused on applying HPLC-UV to detect and quantify biotin in complex drugs and dietary supplements like multi-vitamin. Biotin in complex drugs was extracted from methanol and analyzed using mobile phase with 10 mM potassium phosphate (monobasic, pH=3.0) in distilled water and acetonitrile. Gradient condition was used to successfully detect and quantify biotin within 20 minutes. Validation result for linearity was significant that average $r^2$ was 0.999 (n=3) and its relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.0578% which was less than 2%. Using this method, quantification of biotin in complex drugs was completed successfully and recovery tests were finished that recovery percentage greater than 95% with relative standard deviation less than 2%.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.125-129
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• 2001

Eight vermiculite-based root media prepared with addition of complete fertilizer (2 g/L; N-$P_2$$O_5$-$K_2$O, 10-10-14) for potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) and a commercial root medium were evaluated in 2000 to develop the root media suitable for potato plug seedling production. The eight media consisted of various ratios of vermiculite, perlite, peatmoss, and compost. In addition, four rates (0, 1, 2, or 4 g/L) of the complex fertilizer for potato were added to a root medium (70% vermiculite, 10% perlite, 10% peat moss, and 10% compost by volume) to determine the optimum addition rate of the complex fertilizer for plug seedlings. Compost addition to the media increased plant height, the number of leaves per plant, and top and root fresh weight of 15-day old plug seedlings. The seedlings raised in root media containing compost produced significantly higher total tuber yield. Addition of the complex fertilizer to root media enhanced seedling growth and increased the number of tubers per plant and tuber yields. The results suggest that root media containing 50% vermiculite, 0 to 20% peat moss, 10% perlite, 20 to 40% compost, and 2 g/L complex fertilizer for potato appear suitable for potato plug seedling production.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.151-156
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• 2008

Water flow characteristics of an apartment complex consisting of 12 buildings and 635 units in total have been investigated numerically. The complex incorporates two zone booster pump water supply system, and some units have pressure reducing valves in them. Input data to a commercial code Flowmaster7 include survey results on the water usage for the last three years, dimension of the water supply system and its operation condition, etc. Calculated static pressures at the inlet of all units are compared with their design and measured counterparts, and they agree quite well with each other. Then, the pressure distributions and volumetric flow rates at all 635 units are estimated. Flow balancing is also attempted by varying the ratio of angle valve of each unit to improve the non-uniformity of flows.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 1995

Solid dispersions and inclusion complex were prepared for the enhancement of solubility and dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble ibuprofen(IPF) as a model drug. Polyethylene glycol 4000(PEG4000) and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) were used for the preparation of solid dispersion. $2-Hydroxypropyl-{\beta}-cyclodextrin(2-HP{\beta}CD)$ was also used for the preparation of inclusion complex. The solubility of IPF increased as the concentration of PEG4000, PVP and $2-HP{\beta}CD$ increased. Solubilization capacity of $2-HP{\beta}CD$ was increased about 10 times when compared to PEG 4000 and PVP. The dissolution rate of drug from solid dispersions and inclusion complex in the simulated gastric fluid was enhanced when compared to pure IPF and commercial $BR4^{\circledR}$ tablet as a result of improvement of solubility. In case of solid dispersions, dissolution rate of drug was proportional to polymer concentration in the formulation. The marked enhancement of dissolution rate of drug by inclusion complexation with $2-HP{\beta}CD$ was noted. However, dissolution rate of drug from solid dispersions and inclusion complex in the simulated intestinal fluid was not significant because IPF was readily soluble in that condition. From these findings, water-soluble polymers and cyclodextrin were useful to improve solubility and dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, easiness and reliability of preparation method, scale-up and cost of raw materials must be considered for the practical application of solid dispersion and inclusion complex in pharmaceutical industry.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2019

현대사회에서 라이프 스타일의 변화로 복합문화공간에 대한 수요가 높아지고 다양한 복합문화공간이 생겨나고 있다. 그러나 아직 사용자 중심에서의 복합문화공간 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구는 복합문화공간의 다양한 문화체험 기능과 사용자 경험이 올바르게 전달되고 있는지 알아보기 위해 국내 대표 복합문화공간인 '별마당 도서관'과 '아크앤북'을 비교하여 분석하였다. 연구 방법으로 사용자 경험 분석 도구와 심층 인터뷰를 하였다. 그 결과, 두 공간 모두 상업 공간과 브랜드 도서관이 조화롭지 않다는 반응을 보였고, 복합문화공간의 서비스 이용이 일부 불편하다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 이는 현재 복합문화공간이 제공하는 체험 가치와 사용성에 개선의 조치가 필요하다는 결과로 해석되며, 본 연구를 기반으로 향후 복합문화공간의 발전에 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.89-106
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• 2020

본 연구는 국내 복합상업시설의 진화과정을 핵심사례를 중심으로 살피고, 그 외부공간의 기능적 구성방식과 주변경관 및 오픈 스페이스, 나아가 지역사회와의 관련성을 살펴봄으로써, 복합상업시설 외부공간의 조성경향의 변화를 파악하고, 도시 속 공공적 성격의 오픈스페이스로서의 가치를 재고하고자 한다. 본고는 국내 복합상업시설의 외부공간이 상업시설 건물군과 주변경관과 맺는 상관관계를 기준으로 분류하여 내외부공간 단절형, 내외부공간 반개방형, 주변경관 투영형, 주변경관 결합형으로 구분하여 설명하였다. 각 유형의 대표적 사례들을 통해 외부공간의 기능적 구성과 조경 특성을 고찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 도출할 수 있었다. 첫째, 외부공간이 상업건물에 종속된 역할을 주로 담당하던 것에서 나아가 각종 활동과 경험을 위한 적극적 참여형 공간으로 활용되는 외부공간의 활성화 경향을 읽을 수 있었다. 둘째, 내·외부공간의 연계방식이 활성화되어, 실내 쾌적성을 증진시키는 외부환경요소를 적극 실내로 도입하고, 내부의 특정 프로그램공간을 외부환경과 직접적으로 연결함으로써 내·외부환경이 융합된 풍부한 공간 경험을 제공하는 추세이다. 셋째, 외부공간의 기능 확대와 복합상업시설의 여가공간화로 인해 상업공간의 공공성이 증가되어 복합상업시설의 역공간적 기능이 확대되는 경향을 볼 수 있었다. 주변녹지와 연계된 교외형의 사례에서는 외부공간의 동선 기능과 조경제안을 분석하여 외부공간이 내부가로 및 도시가로와 유기적으로 연결된 주동선의 기능을 담당하고, 상업공간 조경이 공공 오픈스페이스 체계와 결합된 지역문화·녹지체계의 중심지가 되는데 기여할 가능성을 실례를 통해 살펴보았다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.3-34
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• 2019

The resumption of economic cooperation between South and the North Korea will be a new growth engine for our economy. Many Korean companies are preparing to invest in North Korea in accordance with the progress of inter-Korean relations. However, there are many risks inherent in inter-Korean economic cooperation, as experienced in previous cases. Specifically, one should be prepared for unfair measures such as the expropriation of investment assets of South Korean enterprises by North Korea authorities. Therefore, it is essential to review the protection measures of investment in North Korea and to review the investment dispute settlement system. The South and the North have an agreement to establish the inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee to resolve the disputes that may arise if one party's investments are lost due to inappropriate or unfair measures due to the other party's authority. However, the Investment Agreement, which governs the Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee, contains a number of declarative statements that are somewhat ineffective. Even today, nearly 20 years after the adoption of the Agreement, the specific detailed procedures have shown no real progress, such as in the enactment of arbitration rules. Therefore, at present, it is difficult to expect a system that can effectively address the damage of our corporations which have invested in North Korea. When the assets freeze after the suspension of Kumgang tourism and the closure of the Kaeseung Industrial Complex by North Korea, the activation of the inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee is the most important prerequisite for economic cooperation with North Korea. For this purpose, the resolution of disputes through the Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee has to be made more concrete, with the effectiveness of the dispute settlement system enhanced by means of various efforts.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.192-199
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• 2002

Dimensional defects of castings are mainly due to the stresses and strains caused by a nonuniform temperature distribution and phase transformation during solidification and cooling, and by mechanical constraint between the mold and casting. It is, however, nearly impossible to trace movements of the casting and mold during solidification and cooling by experimental measurements for castings with complex shape. Two and three dimensional deformation analyses of the casting and the mold were performed using commercial finite element code, MARC. It was possible to calculate deformation and temperature distribution in the casting and mold simultaneously. Cooling curves of the casting obtained by calculation were close to that measured in the field since it was possible to treat latent heat evolution of the casting which could be divided into two parts, primary and eutectic parts. Mold bent inward just after pouring due to the temperature gradient across the mold thickness, and mold returned to its previous position with time. Plastic deformation occurred at the part of the casting where solidification was slow.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.207-217
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• 2002

This study was designed to investigate the characteristics of atmospheric concentrations of toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Korea. Target compounds included 1,3-butadiene, aromatics such as BTEX, and a number of carbonyl compounds. In this paper, as the second part of the study, the seasonal and locational concentrations of atmospheric VOCs were evaluated. Sampling was conducted seasonally at seven sampling sites. each of them representing a large urban area (commercial and residential), a small urban area (commercial and residential), an industrial area (a site within the complex and a residential), and a background place in Korea. In general, higher concentrations were found in the petro-chemical industrial site than other sites, while VOCs measured in commercial (heavy -traffic) sites were higher than residential sites. Seasonality of VOCs concentrations were not so much clear as other combustion related pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, indicating that the VOCs are emitted from a variety of sources, not only vehicle exhaust and point sources but fugitive emissions. Except the industrial site, the concentrations of VOCs measured in this study do not reveal any serious pollution status, since the levels did not exceed any existing ambient standards in the U.K. and/or Japan. However, the increasing number of petrol -powered vehicles and the rapid industrialization in Korea may result in the increased levels of VOCs concentrations in many large urban areas in the near future, if there is no appropriate programme implemented for the control of these compounds.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.252-257
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• 2005

In this work, we propose a simple but efficient method to design a target temperature trajectory for pulling speed tracking control of the crystal grower in the Czochralski crystallization process. In the suggested method, the model predictive control strategy is used to incorporate the complex dynamic effect of the heater temperature on the pulling speed into the temperature trajectory design quantitatively. The feedforward trajectories designed by the proposed method were implemented on 200 mm and 300 mm silicon crystal growers in the commercial Czochralski process. The application results have demonstrated its excellent and consistent tracking performance of pulling speed along whole bulk crystal growth.