• Carbon letters
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• 제20권
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• pp.47-52
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• 2016

Physical and electrochemical qualities were analyzed after KOH activation of a direct methanol fuel cell using needle coke as anode supporter. The results of research on support loaded with platinum-ruthenium suggest that an activated KOH needle coke container has the lowest onset potential and the highest degree of catalyst activity among all commercial catalysts. Through an analysis of the CO stripping voltammetry, we found that KOH activated catalysis showed a 21% higher electrochemical active surface area (ECSA), with a value of 31.37 m² /g, than the ECSA of deactivated catalyst (25.82 m² /g). The latter figure was 15% higher than the value of one specific commercial catalyst (TEC86E86).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1577-1582
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• 2010

A 20 wt % Pt/C is fabricated and characterized for use as the cathode catalyst in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). By using the polyol method, the fabrication process is optimized by modifying the carbon addition sequence and precursor mixing conditions. The crystallographic structure, particle size, dispersion, and activity toward oxygen reduction of the as-prepared catalysts are compared with those of commercial Pt/C catalysts. The most effective catalyst is obtained by ultrasonic treatment of ethylene glycol-carbon mixture and immediate mixing of this mixture with a Pt precursor at the beginning of the synthesis. The catalyst exhibits very uniform particle size distribution without agglomeration. The mass activities of the as-prepared catalyst are 13.4 mA/$mg_{Pt}$ and 51.0 mA/$mg_{Pt}$ at 0.9 V and 0.85 V, respectively, which are about 1.7 times higher than those of commercial catalysts.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.202-209
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• 2020

In methanol steam reforming, commercial catalysts in the form of pellets are mainly used, but there are limitations to directly apply them to underwater weapon systems that require shock resistance and heat transfer characteristics. In this study, to overcome this problem, a multi-layer cup structure (MLCS) was applied to support a pellet type catalyst. The characteristics of pellet catalyst supported by MLCS and the pellet catalyst supported by conventional structure (CS) were compared by the reforming experiment. In the case of MLCS, a high methanol conversion rate was shown in the temperature range 200 to 300℃ relative to the CS manufactured with the same catalyst weight as MLCS. CS shown similar characteristics to MLCS when it manufactured in the same volume as MLCS by adding an additional 67% of the catalyst. In conclusions, MLCS can not only reduce catalyst usage by improving heat transfer characteristics, but also support pellet catalyst in multiple layers, thus improving shock resistance characteristics.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.196-201
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• 2013

SCR(Selective Catalytic Reduction) is a major after-treatment solution to reduce NOx emission in recent diesel engines. In this study, a metal foam is applied as an alternative SCR substrate and tested in a commercial diesel engine to compared with a conventional ceramic SCR system. Basic engine test from ND-13 mode shows that a metal foam catalyst has lower NOx conversion efficiency than a ceramic catalyst especially over $350^{\circ}C$. A metal foam catalyst has characteristics of high exhaust gas pressure before a SCR catalyst and high heat transfer rate due to its material and structure. NOx conversion efficiency of a metal foam catalyst shows an increasing tendency along with the increase of exhaust gas temperature by $500^{\circ}C$. The effect of urea injection quantity variation is also remarkable only at high exhaust gas temperature.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2009

Upgrading of pyrolysis wax oil using HZSM-5 catalyst has been conducted in a continuous fixed bed reactor at $450^{\circ}C$, 1hour, LHSV 3.5/h. The catalytic degradation was studied with a function of catalyst amount and reaction temperature. The raw pyrolysis wax oil shows relatively high boiling point distribution ranging from around $300^{\circ}C$ to $550^{\circ}C$, which has considerably higher boiling point distribution than that of commercial diesel. The catalytic degradation using HZSM-5 catalyst shows the high conversion of pyrolysis wax oil to light hydrocarbons. The liquid product obtained shows high gasoline range fraction as around 90% fraction and considerably high aromatic fraction in liquid product. Here, the experimental variable such as catalyst amount and reaction temperature was influenced on the product distribution.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.87.1-87.1
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• 2011

For commercial applications, MEA development must be optimized in order to achieve high performance and low cost. There are many factors that affect the performance of MEA. Especially, the optimization of the method for preparing catalyst layer has great effect on the performance of MEA. Various methods have been used to prepare the catalyst layer of MEA. Among them, spraying method has a merit in that catalysis lay can be prepared with very flexible changes in catalyst layer as well as in the solvent composition of catalyst ink. In addition, in order to reduce the time required for manufacturing catalyst layer, an effort has been made to change the nozzle size and injection pressure of spray system. Further, the operation condition of spray system was changed in various ways in an effort to prepare optimum catalyst layer of MEA. Having optimized the operation condition of spraying system, comprehensive and diverse experiments were carried out concerning various factors that affect the performance of MEA. The present research report describes the results of more sub-categorized and more detailed experiments about the important factors (Nafion$^{(R)}$ ionomer, Relative humidity) which have been shown in previous experiments to exert greater effect on the performance of MEA.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.191-195
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• 2015

To improve its textural properties as a support for platinum catalyst, carbon aerogel was chemically activated with KOH as a chemical agent. Carbon-supported platinum catalyst was subsequently prepared using the prepared carbon supports(carbon aerogel(CA), activated carbon aerogel(ACA), and commercial activated carbon(AC)) by an incipient wetness impregnation. The prepared carbon-supported platinum catalysts were applied to decalin dehydrogenation for hydrogen production. Both initial hydrogen evolution rate and total hydrogen evolution amount were increased in the order of Pt/CA < Pt/AC < Pt/ACA. This means that the chemical activation process served to improve the catalytic activity of carbon-supported platinum catalyst in this reaction. The high surface area and the well-developed mesoporous structure of activated carbon aerogel obtained from the activation process facilitated the high dispersion of platinum in the Pt/ACA catalyst. Therefore, it is concluded that the enhanced catalytic activity of Pt/ACA catalyst in decalin dehydrogenation was due to the high platinum surface area that originated from the high dispersion of platinum.

• 공업화학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.263-267
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• 1999

사용이 끝난 폐촉매의 NO 제거 활성은 새 촉매의 약 27%로 크게 저하되어 있었다. 폐촉매의 비표면적은 새로운 촉매의 약 63%로서 활성소실의 주 원인은 소결에 의한 표면적 감소, 촉매표면의 활성물질의 농도저하, 중금속에 의한 활성점의 피독 등으로 판단된다. 폐촉매의 재생은 주로 피독 물질의 제거에 중점을 두었는데, $80^{\circ}C$ 물을 이용하여 30분에서 2시간 처리하여 재생한 촉매가 가장 좋은 효과를 보였으며 이는 중금속 K와 Na가 제거된 때문으로 판단된다. 새로운 촉매를 기준으로 하였을 때 폐촉매의 표면적당 재생된 활성은 약 79%이었으나 질량당 재생된 활성은 약 49%이었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.664-670
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• 2012

상용 중유 발전소 배가스에 장기간 노출되어 활성이 현저히 저하된 탈질 SCR 폐촉매를 대상으로 현장 시스템을 모사하여 증류수 및 산성용액에 의한 세척과정을 거쳐 모사된 현장 조건으로 촉매를 재생하였다. 산성용액의 제조조건 및 처리조건에 따른 촉매의 물성변화를 확인하였고 질소산화물($NO_x$) 전환 촉매 활성 실험을 수행하여 촉매성능 변화를 고찰하였다. 촉매의 특성분석은 BET, Porosimeter, EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometer), ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) 등을 이용하여 수행하였고, $NO_x$ 전환 반응실험은 중유 발전소 배가스를 모사하여 마이크로 반응기에서 SCR 반응을 수행하였다. 촉매특성 분석결과 재생된 촉매의 경우 비표면적은 신품 촉매 대비 95% 이상 회복되었고, $NO_x$ 전환활성은 산성용액 농도 3~6 M 범위에서 신품 촉매 대비 90% 이상을 회복한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 촉매활성의 향상은 산성용액에 의한 촉매표면의 불순물들이 제거되면서 일어난 결과로 밝혀졌다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.859-869
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• 2005

소각장 off gas에 장기간 노출이 되어 활성이 저하된 상용 $V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2$ aged 촉매를 물리화학적 방법으로 재생 처리를 수행한 후, 재생 처리에 따른 촉매의 물성 변화를 확인하고 이에 따른 촉매 활성변화를 고찰하였다. 촉매의 특성분석은 XRD(x-ray diffractometer), BET, POROSIMETER, EDX(energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer), ICP(inductively coupled plasma), TGA(thermogravimetric Analyze,), SEM(scanning electron microscopy)등을 이용하여 수행하였고 NOx 전환반응실험은 소각장 off gas를 모사하여 $NH_3$에 의한 SCR 반응을 통해 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 수행된 재생처리 방법 중, 열처리 방법으로 재생처리를 수행 할 경우 fresh 촉매환성의 95% 이상을 회복하였으며, 화학적 재생 처리 방법으로는 산성용액의 경우는 pH가 5인 용액으로 재생 처리된 촉매가, 염기성 용액의 경우는 pH가 12인 용액으로 재생 처리된 촉매가 fresh 촉매활성의 90% 이상의 촉매 활성을 회복 하였다. 촉매 특성 분석 결과, 상기와 같은 방법으로 재생 처리된 촉매의 경우 비표면적은 fresh 촉매의 $85{\sim}95%$ 수준으로 회복 되었으며, aged 촉매 표면에 축적되어 있던 촉매 비활성 물질로 잘 알려진 황(S)이나 칼슘(Ca)등은 최대 99%이상 제거 되었다. Aged 촉매 표면상의 인(P), 크롬(Cr), 아연(Zn) 등과 같은 중금속의 경우는 최대 95% 이상 제거 되었으나 납(Pb)의 경우는 제거율이 $10{\sim}30%$ 수준으로 매우 미흡한 것으로 나타났다.