• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.3438-3444
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• 2000

In this paper, we propose an efficient passwork management scheme using the Pseudopia function which performs a mukti-password management and change scheme in the cyberspace. For a givne user and a web-site, the Pseudopia automatically generates a user name and a password that can be used to establish an anonvous account at the web-site. In the proposed scheme, a user can protect his password using " the personal etropy" which relates to his own life experiences, that identified only by himself. The proposed scheme can be applied to the broad tools for the internet related applications such as electronic commerce and Internet banking system.

• 한국게임학회지
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2002

The objective of this paper was to cope with the verification of the message transfer protocol that integrates the electronic signature and the distribution and authentication of Public key in Mobile Game using m-Commerce Choquet fuzzy integral compared with fuzzy integral. They were classified into the security technology, the security policy, the electronic document processing, the electronic document transportation and the encryption and decryption keys in its function. The measures of items of the message security protocol were produced for the verification of the implemented document in every function.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.473-495
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• 2019

In this paper, a new extension of Lindley distribution has been introduced. Certain characterizations based on truncated moments, hazard and reverse hazard function, conditional expectation of the proposed distribution are presented. Besides, these characterizations, other statistical/mathematical properties of the proposed model are also discussed. The estimation of the parameters is performed through different classical methods of estimation. Bayes estimation is computed under gamma informative prior under the squared error loss function. The performances of all estimation methods are studied via Monte Carlo simulations in mean square error sense. The potential of the proposed model is analyzed through two data sets. A modified goodness-of-fit test using the Nikulin-Rao-Robson statistic test is investigated via two examples and is observed that the new extension might be used as an alternative lifetime model.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.37 no.5_6
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• pp.469-480
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• 2019

A generalized tiling is defined as a generalization of the properties of tiling a region of ${\mathbb{Z}}^2$ with dominoes, and comprises tiling with rhombus and any other tilings that admits height functions which can be ordered into a distributive lattice. By using properties of the distributive lattice, we prove that the Markov chain consisting of moving from one height function to the next by a flip is fast mixing and the mixing time ${\tau}({\epsilon})$ is given by ${\tau}({\epsilon}){\leq}(kmn)^3(mn\;{\ln}\;k+{\ln}\;{\epsilon}^{-1})$, where mn is the area of the grid ${\Gamma}$ that is a k-regular polycell. This result generalizes the result of the authors (T-tetromino tiling Markov chain is fast mixing, Theor. Comp. Sci. (2018)) and improves on the mixing time obtained by using coupling arguments by N. Destainville and by M. Luby, D. Randall, A. Sinclair.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.19-45
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• 2003

The main issues addressed in this paper are as follows : First, this paper makes a distinction among types of e-money, IC card type versus Network type, open-loop type versus closed-loop type, online type versus offline type and accountable type versus unaccountable type, and analysis the clear and accurate criterion. Second, generally speaking, e-money is a claim on originator of e-money and not legal tender, so, delivery of e-money by itself does not relieve of monetary obligation. Between it is not easy to define e-money, by now there are many definitions of e-money, there is a legal uncertainty accordingly and then it is not easy to find proper law applicable to resolve a particular issue. As a result. many problems relating to e-money would be solved through analogical application of the moot proper law among the laws that apply to the cash, check, credit card, or fund transfer after analyzing type of e-money at issue. This paper studies the methods on diffusion of the utilization of electronic money. To diffuse the usage of electronic money, it need; prerequisitely as a basic conditions independence of electronic money, non-reusability, and anonymity. And also as a additional conditions it need; usability in the offline commerce, transferability, divisibility. And now electronic money is used very actively, but still has many Jaw problems such as protections of consumer, law enforcement, supervisory, etc. So electronic money has called as money, but it is sure that electronic money is not a legal tender. So to facilitate the economic function of the electronic monel it is need to supplement the electronic money in the legal sides.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3-33
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• 2010

Paperless trade is a new trade paradigm that has innovated on traditional trade procedures, which relied on manual work in the past, and applied an IT-based e-document standard. To realize paperless trade in Korea, a lot of efforts have been made. Korea has overcome many difficulties, a lack of awareness, trials and errors, etc. at the initial introduction stage and strived to establish a stable infrastructure through the government's policy support and active cooperation with the trade business communities and related organizations. Now, Korea became a well-known leader in IT industry, especially in the paperless trade infrastructure and strategic policies. The one-stop trading system named 'uTradeHub' is operated by a paperless trade service provider, Korea Trade Network(KTNET). uTradeHub includes trade finance and settlement, customs clearance and export and import logistics, improving trading procedures and reducing related expenses. Private-Public joint efforts from Korean government and private sectors which have respectively fulfilled their role and function with market-oriented practical policies and strategies has lead Korea a world leading country in paperless trade. Moreover, Korea expended its efforts to the global areas. Korea has started to activate multi-national paperless trade alliances such as PAA(Pan-Asia e-Commerce Alliance), ASEAL(Asia Europe Alliance for Paperless Trading) as well as established the bilateral cooperative networks with China and Taiwan. The one-stop trading system, uTradeHub should keep close cooperations between nations since trade itself is implemented in a cross-border ways. In the near future, it is expected uTradeHub can achieve best results in the simplification of procedures and cost savings when an international linkage is completely established with international cooperations.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.91-108
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• 2002

While a lot of research has been done in the area of the B2C e-commerce, heavily on the Internet shopping, a study on the B2B e-commerce has not been improved enough to be competitive for its importance and practical use. We have studied to build an effective database, attempting to complement and further replace in the long term the off-line distribution channel which has yet to be fully evolve with respect to effectiveness and efficiency. For the building of the effective database, we have gathered information from the related institutions and characterized a fishery channel, and surveyed existing literatures and consumers for deriving factors affecting their purchase intentions and satisfactions. Based upon this survey we constructed the entity-relationship diagram(ERD) which possibly provided some perspectives for the future application. This study focuses on the improvement in the distributional efficiency not only minimizing the intra-organizational conflict and resistance but also maximizing the role function of each party of the organization.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.23
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• pp.10469-10473
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• 2015

Background: Solanum nigrum L. has been used in traditional Chinese medicine because of its diuretic and antipyretic effects. The present research concerned effects of crude polysaccharides isolated from Solanum nigrum L. on erythrocyte membranes of tumor-bearing $S_{180}$ and $H_{22}$ in mice. Materials and Methods: Fluorescence-labeled red blood cell membranes were used with DPH fluorescence spectrophotometry to examine erythrocyte membrane fluidity, and colorimetry to determine degree of erythrocyte surface membrane blocking. Extent of reaction by tumor-bearing mice with the enzyme erythrocyte membrane bubble shadow detection of red cell membrane variation in the degree of closure before and after administration. Results: Solanum nigrum polysaccharide could significantly improve the $S_{180}$ and $H_{22}$ tumor-bearing mice erythrocyte membrane fluidity, compared with the control group, the difference was significant (p<0.01), SNL can significantly improve the red blood cell membrane and then $S_{180}$ tumor-bearing mice sealing ability, compared with the negative control group, the difference was significant(p<0.05, p<0.01). $H_{22}$ tumor-bearing mice can increase red cell membrane and then sealing ability, the difference was significant (p<0.05). Solanum nigrum polysaccharide degree of fluidity and blocking two transplanted tumors in mice restored the ability to raise the red cell membrane has a significant effect. Conclusions: Solanum nigrum L.-type mice transplanted tumor can affect the red blood cell membrane fluidity and re-closed, through the red cell membrane of red blood cells to enhance the immune function of the possibility of erythrocyte immunity against tumor formation garland provide experimental basis.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2001

This study is to examine some legal problems of cyber trade transactions and to suggest some policy implications to vitalize cyber trade by internet accomplishes electronic business from all process integration of production, marketing and customer service. However, there are some legal problems for the electronic commerce to be used in international trade activities such as trade contract transport documents and payment systems by internet. First international trade rules have to be legislated so that electronic documents has same legal function like traditional documents. Also electronic signature must has authenticity, integrity, non-repudiation, writing and confidentiality. Second, traditionally international payment systems such as letters of credits, remittance, documentary collections and open account have been operated as an important and popular method of payment. In the modern world of electronic commerce, information technology has made it possible to pay for the sale of goods and services over the internet. The payment methods such as Credit Card, Debit Card, Electronic Cash, Electronic Fund Transfers enable partly sellers, buyers and service providers to settle payment electronically through the internet. To settle the problems of payment systems, the security requirements for safe electronic Payments such as authenticity, integrity, non-repudiation have to be guaranteed. Also, electronic data interchange in transport documents has to be adopted and negotiability of electronic bills of lading has to be guaranteed. Electronic payment systems through SWIFT enable the sellers and the buyers to conduct and settle international business-to-business electronic commerce in case of solving the above problems and harmonizing the Bolero project.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2005

As a research on PKI is being very popular, the study relating to certificate status validation is being grown with aim to reduce an overhead of the protocol and to provide an efficient operation. The OCSP of the standard protocol related to the study enables applications to determine the revocation state of an identified certificate. However, the OCSP server can not service millions of certificate status validation requests from clients in a second on E-commerce because of the computational time for signature and verification. So, we propose the Real-time Certificate Status Validation Protocol(RCSVP) that has smaller computational time than OCSP. RCSVP server reduce the computational time of certificate status validation using hash function and common secret value. Also RCSVP client does not need the computational time of certificate verification to acquire the public key from an identified certificate. Therefore, the proposed protocol enables server to response millions of certificate status validation requests from clients in a second on E-commerce.