• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제43권9호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2006

운전자 보조시스템은 운전자가 좀 더 편리하고 안전하게 주행할 수 있도록 주행 정보나 위험 경보를 주거나 적극적인 개입을 통해서 안전사고를 방지할 수 있는 시스템이다. 차선이탈경보, 전후방 충돌경보와 같이 특정한 기능을 갖는 현재의 운전자 보조시스템은 비젼과 거리 센서의 가격 대비 처리성능의 향상으로 통합된 기능성과 HMI (Human-Machine Interface)를 갖는 지능형 운전자 보조시스템으로 발전할 것이다. 본 논문은 2대의 카메라와 8대의 초음파센서를 각각 차량의 전후방과 주변에 설치하여 주행 중인 차량의 환경정보인 실선과 점선의 차선 정보, 사각을 제거한 전방향의 차량의 위치정보를 추출하여 운전자가 전방향의 주행상황을 쉽게 인지할 수 있는 조감영상과 음성충돌경보를 제공하는 지능형 운전자 보조시스템을 제안한다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.313-340
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 45세 이상의 중 장년층 및 노년층 인구 449명을 대상으로 실버타운 입주의도에 영향을 미치는 예측요인들을 실증적으로 분석한 결과, 인구사회학적 변인 중에서는 거주지, 직업, 주택소유 변인, 동기변인 중에서는 자녀의 부담해소, 편리한 노후생활, 노후생활의 자유 향유 요인들이 실버타운 입주의도 여부를 예측하는 데 유의한 영향력을 행사하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 입주선택 결정요인 중에서는 보건의료시설, 휴양시설 및 여가 문화서비스시설 변인, 제주도의 입지장점 중에서는 온화한 기후, 쾌적한 환경, 저렴한 비용 변인들이 실버타운 입주의도 여부를 유의하게 예측하는 변인이었으며, 자녀부양의존도가 낮을수록 입주가능성이 높게 나타났다. 종합적으로 실버타운 입주의도에 가장 높은 예측력을 갖는 변인은 저렴한 비용요인이었으며, 휴양시설, 실버타운의 필요성 인지정도, 노후생활의 자유 향유 동기변인, 여가 문화시설, 보건의료시설 등의 변인 순으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2021

Green facade has a significant impact on building's energy performance by controlling the absorption of solar radiation and improving outdoor thermal comfort through shading and evapotranspiration. In particular, since high-density building does not enough green space, green facade, and rooftop greening using artificial ground plants are highly utilized. However, the level of cooling effect according to plant traits and irrigation control is different. Therefore, in this study, the cooling effect analyzed for a total of 4 cases by controlling the irrigation condition based on hedera and spurge. Although hedera under sufficient water had the highest cooling effect(-2℃~-4℃), had the lowest cooling effect under non-irrigation(+1.1℃~+4.4℃). In addition, hedera under sufficient water had cooling effect than hedera under non-irrigation(-1℃~-8.1℃) and in the case of spurge, it had cooling effect(-0.3℃~-7.8℃) more than non-irrigation. As a result of measuring the amount of transpiration according to the light intensity (PAR) and carbon dioxide concentration conditions, transpiration of hedera was higher than the spurge (respectively 0.63204mmolm^-2s^-1, 0.674367mmolm^-2s^-1). The difference in the cooling effect of the green facade under irrigation condition was significant. But the potential cooling effect of green facade according to plants species was different. Therefore, in order to maximize and continuously provide the cooling effect of green facade in urban areas, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of plants and the control of water supply through the irrigation system.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe a methodological procedure to quantify the heat production (HP) partitioning in basal metabolism or fasting heat production (FHP), heat production due to physical activity (HPA), and the thermic effect of feeding (TEF) in roosters. Methods: Eighteen 54-wk-old Hy Line Brown roosters (2.916±0.15 kg) were allocated in an open-circuit chamber of respirometry for O₂ consumption (VO₂), CO₂ production (VCO₂), and physical activity (PA) measurements, under environmental comfort conditions, following the protocol: adaptation (3 d), ad libitum feeding (1 d), and fasting conditions (1 d). The Brouwer equation was used to calculate the HP from VO₂ and VCO₂. The plateau-FHP (parameter L) was estimated through the broken line model: HP = U×(R-t)×I+L; I = 1 if t<R or I = 0 if t>R; Where the broken-point (R) was assigned as the time (t) that defined the difference between a short and long fasting period, I is conditional, and U is the decreasing rate after the feed was withdrawn. The HP components description was characterized by three events: ad libitum feeding and short and long fasting periods. Linear regression was adjusted between physical activity (PA) and HP to determine the HPA and to estimate the standardized FHP (st-FHP) as the intercept of PA = 0. Results: The time when plateau-FHP was reached at 11.7 h after withdrawal feed, with a mean value of 386 kJ/kg^0.75/d, differing in 32 kJ from st-FHP (354 kJ/kg^0.75/d). The slope of HP per unit of PA was 4.52 kJ/mV. The total HP in roosters partitioned into the st-FHP, termal effect of feeding (TEF), and HPA was 56.6%, 25.7%, and 17.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The FHP represents the largest fraction of energy expenditure in roosters, followed by the TEF. Furthermore, the PA increased the variation of HP measurements.

• 한국화예디자인학연구
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• 제44호
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• pp.3-31
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• 2021

본 연구는 실생활 환경인 주거공간에서 식물의 공기 정화능력 이 어떤 효과를 보이는가를 검증하기 위하여 전용면적 129.78m²의 아파트 3개호를 대상으로, 거실 공간(115.6m³)에 한정하여 식물 유·무에 따라 공기질 상태를 조사하였으며 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 사례A는 통계적으로 유의미하게 차이를 보이고 있지 않으나, 사례B, C는 PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0의 영역에서 각각 통계적으로 유의미한(p<.01) 차이가 있음을 검증하였다. 2) 실내공간의 식물설치에 따른 미세먼지 저감효과는 실내 환경 조건과 실내의 청결도와 집기의 양에 따라서도 유의한 차이가 있을 것으로 판단되며, 이에 대한 보충적인 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다. 3) 실내 미세먼지 저감을 위한 플랜테리어 디자인으로 다양한 방안을 검토하였으며, 그중 실증적 실험을 통하여 수직벽면 디자인 방법을 실험하여 제언하였다. 또한 실내식물의 유형에 따라 유지관리 방법을 제언하였다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.99-129
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• 2008

이 연구는 근거이론 방법을 활용하여 중도장애인의 레질리언스 과정을 분석한 것이다. 이를 위해 갑작스러운 사고로 장애를 갖게 된 중도장애인 8명을 심층 인터뷰하였다. 연구 결과, 총 393개의 개념이 도출되었고, 이를 45개의 하위범주, 18개의 상위범주로 유목화할 수 있었다. 중도장애인 레질리언스 과정의 패러다임 모형에서 인과적 조건은 '장애에 대해 모름', '너무 아파 힘듦', 심리적 고통으로 '마음 안으로 숨어듦'인 것으로 나타났다. 맥락적 조건으로는 '집에만 있어 무기력해지고', 장애인정이 어려워 '스스로 장벽을 쌓으며', 장애에 대한 '사회적 장벽'으로 좌절을 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 장애유형, 장애정도, 성(gender), 장애획득시기, 중도장애 여부 등에 따라 레질리언스에 차이가 있음을 보고하였다. 이러한 인과적 조건과 맥락적 조건에도 불구하고 중도장애인이 레질리언스를 갖게 되는 중심현상은 '긍정의 힘에 탄력이 붙음'으로 확인되었다. 이러한 중심현상을 촉진 혹은 억제하는 중재조건으로는 외적으로 가족, 친구, 주변사람, 제도의 지원을 통해 '혼자가 아님을 깨닫고', 내적으로 종교의 힘과 모델링을 통하여 '변화의 의지와 삶의 목표를 가지고 내일을 준비하는' 것으로 나타났다. 작용/상호작용전략은 '노력을 배가하고', '직접 찾아보며', '능동적으로 실행하기'로 나타났으며 그 결과 중도장애인들은 장애와 사회에 대한 '관점이 달라지고', 삶의 '여유가 생기며', 매사에 '적극적으로 참여함'을 알 수 있었다. 중도장애인 레질리언스 과정의 핵심범주는 '긍정의 힘을 믿으며 주도적으로 나의 삶 선택하기'이었으며, 이는 장애인 레질리언스에서 선택과 자기결정을 통한 주도성의 확보가 매우 중요함을 보여주는 것이다. 과정분석에서는 '고통', '낯섬', '성찰', '일상' 단계로 확인되었으며, 이 단계들은 단선적이기보다는 역동적인 순환과정으로 나타났다. 이 과정에서 중도장애인의 레질리언스 유형은 존재성찰형, 진로개척형, 은근노력형, 적극실행형으로 구분되었다. 또한 개인, 가족 및 친구, 사회 및 제도 차원의 위험 및 보호요인에 관한 상황모형을 정리함으로써, 향후 실천적 개입을 위한 기초 자료를 제시하였다. 본 연구는 국내에서 처음으로 중도장애인의 레질리언스 과정을 근거이론 방법을 활용하여 심층적 이해를 구축하면서 그 과정 및 유형, 상황모형 등을 구체적으로 밝힘으로써 중도장애인 연구에 관한 이론구축 및 정책적, 임상적 개입에 그 함의가 클 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.768-781
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• 1996

The problem of care of patients and families with Alzheimer's disease has become a conscious raising social policy issue in Korea. The government of the Republic of Korea has become cognizant of the situation and has begun searching for ways to remedy it. Thus, there is a need for a comprehensive under-standing of the situation in which patients and their families are struggling and the enormous problems of care. With a realization of the urgent need, this study was done to investigate the situation and the care needs of families with patients with Alzheimer's Disease, and to compare the effectiveness of services utilized by the families in terms of cost and effects on patient's conditions and on family live. The Subjects for the study were 29 families with hospitalized patients, 25 families utilizing hospital outpatient clinics, 14 families utilizing day care facilities, and 16 families with homebound patients. A total of 84 families were interviewed by four trained interviewers using structured and semistructured questionnaires. The data produced from these interviews included : the patient's stage of Alzheimer's disease, patient's bizarre behavior, hours spent on patient care per day, family burden and quality of life, direct and indirect costs encountered in the care of patients, and the families' evaluation of the effectiveness of the services received. The data were analyzed to determine the relationships between family charactersistics, patient's conditions and services utilization. The effectiveness of each of the service entities was assessed through families evaluation and hoped for service and comparisons were made between services in terms of the cost-effectiveness ratios. After initial comparison of cost-effectiveness ratios, further analysis was done to compare between groups for incremental effectiveness for each incremental unit of cost to determine the most cost-effective service entities. The findings of the study are as fellows : 1. The choice of living arrangement and the types of services are a function of the stage of Alzheimer's condition and the economic status of the family. 2. Comparision of the cost of care showed that most expenses were encountered in by families with hospitalization, families using outpatient services, and families using day care services in that order. The least expense was involved in the care of homebound patients. The economic burden felt by families was in the same order as expenses. 3. The average number of hours spent on daily patient care was 9.9 hours for the outpatient clinic users, 9.7 hours for homebound patients, and 5.4 hours for day care users. 4. There were significant differences in the patient's conditions (CDRL), bizarre behaviors and the families's burden by living arrangement and /or types of service. However, no significant difference was found between groups in the family's quality of life. 5. The families rated the services of day care center as most effective for the care of the patients and families, except for a few families who had experienced some improvement in the patient's conditions. The outpatient clinic users expressed psychological comforts mainly in that the patient was being taken care of. For those hospitalized patients, families expressed the comfort of being relieved of the burden of care and that the patient is being professionally cared for. Form the analysis of the costs, hours of patient care, patient's bizarre behaviors, family's quality of life and burdens, and family's evaluation of services, it is concluded that up to the mid stage of Alzheimer's condition, the utilization of day care center services is found to be the most cost-effective, and toward the end stage of the Alzheimer's disease, it is hoped that there will be a establishment of long term or short term in-patient facilities for the protection of patients and preservation of the integrity of families for less cost. Thus. it was concluded that the family centered system of care is the most effective for Korea with systematic support systems developed for the care of patients and their families according to the needs of families as the patient's condition deteriorates.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.715-732
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• 2009

This article reviews the papers published in the Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering during 2008. It is intended to understand the status of current research in the areas of heating, cooling, ventilation, sanitation, and indoor environments of buildings and plant facilities. Conclusions are as follows. (1) Research trends in thermal and fluid engineering have been surveyed in the categories of general fluid flow, fluid machinery and piping, new and renewable energy, and fire. Well-developed CFD technologies were widely applied in developing facilities and their systems. New research topics include fire, fuel cell, and solar energy. Research was mainly focused on flow distribution and optimization in the fields of fluid machinery and piping. Topics related to the development of fans and compressors had been popular, but were no longer investigated widely. Research papers on micro heat exchangers using nanofluids and micro pumps were also not presented during this period. There were some studies on thermal reliability and performance in the fields of new and renewable energy. Numerical simulations of smoke ventilation and the spread of fire were the main topics in the field of fire. (2) Research works on heat transfer presented in 2008 have been reviewed in the categories of heat transfer characteristics, industrial heat exchangers, and ground heat exchangers. Research on heat transfer characteristics included thermal transport in cryogenic vessels, dish solar collectors, radiative thermal reflectors, variable conductance heat pipes, and flow condensation and evaporation of refrigerants. In the area of industrial heat exchangers, examined are research on micro-channel plate heat exchangers, liquid cooled cold plates, fin-tube heat exchangers, and frost behavior of heat exchanger fins. Measurements on ground thermal conductivity and on the thermal diffusion characteristics of ground heat exchangers were reported. (3) In the field of refrigeration, many studies were presented on simultaneous heating and cooling heat pump systems. Switching between various operation modes and optimizing the refrigerant charge were considered in this research. Studies of heat pump systems using unutilized energy sources such as sewage water and river water were reported. Evaporative cooling was studied both theoretically and experimentally as a potential alternative to the conventional methods. (4) Research papers on building facilities have been reviewed and divided into studies on heat and cold sources, air conditioning and air cleaning, ventilation, automatic control of heat sources with piping systems, and sound reduction in hydraulic turbine dynamo rooms. In particular, considered were efficient and effective uses of energy resulting in reduced environmental pollution and operating costs. (5) In the field of building environments, many studies focused on health and comfort. Ventilation. system performance was considered to be important in improving indoor air conditions. Due to high oil prices, various tests were planned to examine building energy consumption and to cut life cycle costs.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.380-394
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• 2015

This article reviews the papers published in the Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering during 2014. It is intended to understand the status of current research in the areas of heating, cooling, ventilation, sanitation, and indoor environments of buildings and plant facilities. Conclusions are as follows. (1) The research works on the thermal and fluid engineering have been reviewed as groups of heat and mass transfer, cooling and heating, and air-conditioning, the flow inside building rooms, and smoke control on fire. Research issues dealing with duct and pipe were reduced, but flows inside building rooms, and smoke controls were newly added in thermal and fluid engineering research area. (2) Research works on heat transfer area have been reviewed in the categories of heat transfer characteristics, pool boiling and condensing heat transfer and industrial heat exchangers. Researches on heat transfer characteristics included the results for thermal contact resistance measurement of metal interface, a fan coil with an oval-type heat exchanger, fouling characteristics of plate heat exchangers, effect of rib pitch in a two wall divergent channel, semi-empirical analysis in vertical mesoscale tubes, an integrated drying machine, microscale surface wrinkles, brazed plate heat exchangers, numerical analysis in printed circuit heat exchanger. In the area of pool boiling and condensing, non-uniform air flow, PCM applied thermal storage wall system, a new wavy cylindrical shape capsule, and HFC32/HFC152a mixtures on enhanced tubes, were actively studied. In the area of industrial heat exchangers, researches on solar water storage tank, effective design on the inserting part of refrigerator door gasket, impact of different boundary conditions in generating g-function, various construction of SCW type ground heat exchanger and a heat pump for closed cooling water heat recovery were performed. (3) In the field of refrigeration, various studies were carried out in the categories of refrigeration cycle, alternative refrigeration and modelling and controls including energy recoveries from industrial boilers and vehicles, improvement of dehumidification systems, novel defrost systems, fault diagnosis and optimum controls for heat pump systems. It is particularly notable that a substantial number of studies were dedicated for the development of air-conditioning and power recovery systems for electric vehicles in this year. (4) In building mechanical system research fields, seventeen studies were reported for achieving effective design of the mechanical systems, and also for maximizing the energy efficiency of buildings. The topics of the studies included energy performance, HVAC system, ventilation, and renewable energies, piping in the buildings. Proposed designs, performance performance tests using numerical methods and experiments provide useful information and key data which can improve the energy efficiency of the buildings. (5) The field of architectural environment was mostly focused on indoor environment and building energy. The main researches of indoor environment were related to the evaluation of work noise in tunnel construction and the simulation and development of a light-shelf system. The subjects of building energy were worked on the energy saving of office building applied with window blind and phase change material(PCM), a method of existing building energy simulation using energy audit data, the estimation of thermal consumption unit of apartment building and its case studies, dynamic window performance, a writing method of energy consumption report and energy estimation of apartment building using district heating system. The remained studies were related to the improvement of architectural engineering education system for plant engineering industry, estimating cooling and heating degree days for variable base temperature, a prediction method of underground temperature, the comfort control algorithm of car air conditioner, the smoke control performance evaluation of high-rise building, evaluation of thermal energy systems of bio safety laboratory and a development of measuring device of solar heat gain coefficient of fenestration system.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.5877-5884
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• 2014

최근 기후변화와 기상이변 등으로 동절기에 더욱 가혹한 기상 조건이 자주 보고되고 있다. 그러나, 철도차량의 난방용량은 이렇게 극도로 추운 기후환경에서는 객실을 난방하기에 충분하지 않은 경우가 많으며, 이는 난방에 대한 승객의 민원을 야기하는 주요 원인이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 외기 온도와 난방 출력이 객실 온도에 미치는 영향을 알아봄으로써 차량의 난방용량에 따른 운행 가능한 외기온도를 실험적으로 도출하고자 하였다. 실험방법으로는 우선 시험용 철도차량을 대형 기후환경 챔버에 넣고, 다양한 외기온도조건을 모사하였다. 난방 장치 출력의 영향은 난방 장치의 출력을 변화시키면서 객실의 온도를 측정하여 조사하였다. 외기온도가 $-10^{\circ}C$인 조건에서는 난방기의 출력을 최대로 한 경우에도 객실의 평균 온도는 $14.0^{\circ}C$에 불과하여, 동절기의 객실온도 최소 요구조건인 $18^{\circ}C$보다 훨씬 낮았으나, 외기 온도가 $0^{\circ}C$와 $10^{\circ}C$인 경우의 객실온도는 각각 $26.1^{\circ}C$와 $34.0^{\circ}C$였다. 내삽법으로 계산한 결과 객실 내부 온도를 $18^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 유지할 수 있는 최저 외기온도는 $-6.7^{\circ}C$임을 알 수 있었다. 객실 내부에서의 수직 온도 차이는 난방기 출력이 높을수록, 외기온도가 높을수록 커서 10 K 이상 차이가 나는 경우도 있었다. 그러나, 수평 온도 차이는 난방기 출력이나 외기온도에 무관하게 최대 2 K 이하로 매우 낮게 나타났다. 따라서, 우수한 난방성능을 확보하기 위해서는 수직 온도 차이를 줄이는 것이 중요함을 알 수 있었다.