• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.428-439
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• 2003

Landslides, as a geological hazard, have caused extensive damage to property and sometimes result in loss of life. Thus, it is necessary to assess vulnerable areas for future possible landslides in order to mitigate the damage they cause. For this purpose, spatial data integration has been developed and applied to landslide hazard mapping. Among various models, this paper investigates and discusses the effectiveness of the Bayesian spatial data integration approach to landslide hazard mapping. In this study, several data sets related to landslide occurrences in Jangheung, Korea were constructed using GIS and then digitally represented using the likelihood ratio function. By computing the likelihood ratio, we obtained quantitative relationships between input data and landslide occurrences. The likelihood ratio functions were combined using the Bayesian combination rule. In order for predicted results to provide meaningful interpretations with respect to future landslides, we carried out validation based on the spatial partitioning of the landslide distribution. As a result, the Bayesian approach based on a likelihood ratio function can effectively integrate various spatial data for landslide hazard mapping, and it is expected that some suggestions in this study will be helpful to further applications including integration and interpretation stages in order to obtain a decision-support layer.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.464-474
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• 2009

To distalize the maxillary molars, the traditional techniques such as extra-oral traction, Wilson distalizing arches, removable spring appliances and Schwarz plate-type appliances have been used. But, these need considerable patient cooperation. For minimal patient compliance, many practitioners use the pendulum appliances. Several clinical studies demonstrated pendulum is effective molar distalization appliance in the growing patient(using the premolars and the palate as anchorage). But unfortunately, maxillary anterior teeth also shift mesially as the molar moves distally. As a result anchorage loss is occurred. To overcome these disadvantages, we used bone-supported pendulum, combined the conventional pendulum with Skeletal Anchorage System(SAS). The miniscrew was implanted in the anterior paramedian region of the median palatal suture, which has comparatively sufficient bone thickness and is low risk to damage on the dental follicles. We report three cases, using bone-supported pendulum for the maxillary molar distalization in children. After treatment, we find out anchorage stability, minimal unfavorable anterior tooth movement and sufficient molar distalization.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.333-336
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• 2013

Experimental investigation to estimate the feasibility of fast selective catalytic reduction (SCR) or oxidation catalyst combined ammonia SCR system to abate NOx in low temperature condition ($150{\sim}250^{\circ}C$) is reported. Because the conversion of NO to $NO_2$ is pre-requisite of the fast SCR process, the effect of the amount of oxidation catalyst to NO conversion to $NO_2$ was tested. 37, 45 and 51% of conversion rates were obtained for the OCV of 563000, 375000 and 281000 h, respectively. $De-NO_x$ performance in the case of $NO_2/NO_x$ ratio of 45% showed the best result in all tested temperature conditions. Comparison of the fast SCR and standard SCR with the condition of $NO_2/NO_x$ ratio of 45%, $200{\sim}250^{\circ}C$ and space velocity of 10000~30000 h showed that the fast SCR does not show much difference according to the variance of space velocity. Also it was shown that using the fast SCR, the volume of SCR catalyst can be reduced less than half of the standard SCR condition by increasing space velocity without the loss of $De-NO_x$ performance.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2009

The study was performed to evaluate the product quality and shelf-life effect of low-fat comminuted sausages (LFS) manufactured with sodium lactate (SL, 2%), grapefruit seed extract (GSE, 0.2%) and Lentinus edodes (LE) powder (0.25%) alone or in combination. Addition of LE powder lower than 0.25% did not affect the product quality and sensory characteristics (p>0.05). However, LFS containing 2% SL in combined with 0.2% GSE inhibited the growth of inoculated Listeria monocytogenes during refrigerated storage for 8 wk. During refrigerated storage, pH decreased until 2 wk of storage and then increased thereafter. In addition, lightness decreased up to the 1st wk and then increased thereafter. However, redness value was the lowest at 8 wk, and expressible moisture (%) was decreased with increased storage time. Purge loss (%) was gradually increased over 8 wk of storage. Microbial counts of Listeria monocytogenes increased as storage time increased. Based on these results, LFS could be manufactured with LE powder (0.25%) and the addition of SL (2%) in combination with GSE (0.2%) inhibited the growth of Listeria monocytogenes during refrigerated storage of LFS.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.2223-2231
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a built-in antenna for wireless USB dongle which has a modified structure from the existing planar monopole antenna. The proposed antenna implemented a dual-band characteristic by inserting Strip1, Strip2, Strip3 into the monopole structure combined with 'n' shape and feeded 50-Ω using coaxial cable. The antenna is designed on an FR-4 substrate of which the dielectric constant is 4.6, and its overall size is 10 mm × 50 mm × 1mm. Based on the measurement results of the return loss, it was confirmed to satisfy the dual band resonance characteristics of 740 MHz (2.3 ~ 2.7 GHz) and 1,200 MHz (5.15 ~ 5.825 GHz) by -10 dB. In addition, we obtain the omni-directional radiation pattern measurements in the operating frequency bands, and the maximum gain of the proposed antenna has 2.26~3.81 dBi in the 2.4 GHz band and 2.21~5.79 dBi. in the 5.5 GHz band, respectively.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.297-302
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• 2016

Loss of pancreatic β-cells by oxidative stress or cytokines is associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). DJ-1 is known to as a multifunctional protein, which plays an important role in cell survival. We prepared cell permeable wild type (WT) and mutant type (M26I) Tat-DJ-1 proteins to investigate the effects of DJ-1 against combined cytokines (IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α)-induced RINm5F cell death. Both Tat-DJ-1 proteins were transduced into RINm5F cells. WT Tat-DJ-1 proteins significantly protected against cell death from cytokines by reducing intracellular toxicities. Also, WT Tat-DJ-1 proteins markedly regulated cytokines-induced pro- and anti-apoptosis proteins. However, M26I Tat-DJ-1 protein showed relatively low protective effects, as compared to WT Tat-DJ-1 protein. Our experiments demonstrated that WT Tat-DJ-1 protein protects against cytokine-induced RINm5F cell death by suppressing intracellular toxicities and regulating apoptosisrelated protein expression. Thus, WT Tat-DJ-1 protein could potentially serve as a therapeutic agent for DM and cytokine related diseases.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.269-279
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• 2004

The most important factor influencing the robustness of the Internet Is the end-to-end TCP congestion control. However, the congestion control scheme of TCP Reno, the most popular TCP version on the Internet, employs passive congestion indication. It makes worse the network congestion. Recently, Brakmo and Peterson have proposed a new version of TCP, which is named TCP Vegas, with a fundamentally different congestion control scheme from that of the Reno. Many studies indicate that the Vegas is able to achieve better throughput and higher stability than the Reno. But there are two unfairness problems in Vegas. These problems hinder the spread of the Vegas in current Internet. In this paper, in order to solve these unfairness problems, we propose a new congestion control algorithm called TCP PowerVegas. The existing Vegas depends mainly only on the rtt(round trip time), but the proposed PowerVegas use the new congestion control scheme combined the Information on the rtt with the information on the packet loss. Therefore the PowerVegas performs the congestion control more competitively than the Vegas. Thus, the PowerVegas is able to solve effectively these unfairness problems which the Vegas has experienced. To evaluate the proposed approach, we compare the performance among PowerVegas, Reno and Vegas under same network environment. Using simulation, the PowerVegas is able to achieve better throughput and higher stability than the Reno and is shown to achieve much better fairness than the existing Vegas.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2014

The study investigates the effects of the type, replacement ratio and method of use of mineral admixtures on the fluidity, bleeding ratio, volumetric change and compressive strength of the grout in order to provide basic data for the development of high-quality grout for PSC bridges. In view of the results relative to the type and replacement ratio of the mineral admixtures, it appears that fly ash has practically no effect on the improvement of the fluidity nor on the reduction of bleeding and shrinkage of the grout. On the contrary, blast furnace slag and silica fume appear to have significant effect on the improvement of the fluidity or on the reduction of bleeding and shrinkage of the grout. With regard to the combined use of mineral admixtures, the combination of fly ash and blast furnace slag provides satisfactory fluidity but with significant increase of bleeding and shrinkage, whereas the combination of blast furnace slag and silica fume reduces bleeding and shrinkage but with large loss of the fluidity. On the other hand, the combination of fly ash and silica fume results in satisfactory fluidity accompanied with fair reduction of bleeding and shrinkage of the grout. In view of these results, the type, replacement ratio and method of use of the mineral admixtures are seen to influence the fluidity, bleeding and volumetric change of the grout. Accordingly, it is necessary to select the mineral admixtures considering these effects for their exploitation in the grout of PSC bridges.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.337-352
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• 2019

This study aims to explore the characteristics of the working conditions in Korean game industry, focusing on the precarity of game workers. As a research methodology, qualitative and quantitative methods were combined. Specifically, in addition to in-depth interviews with game workers, we conducted a quantitative analysis on adequacy of reward and career prospects recognized by game workers through the Korean Working Conditions Survey(2014/2017). The major findings are as follows. First, game workers were experiencing labor precarity in a way of job insecurity, economic instability and excessive exploitation, as well as loss of autonomy and labor alienation. Second, between 2014 and 2017, the adequacy of reward recognized by game workers was positively improved for companies with 30 or more employees, but was worsen for those with less than 30 employees. In addition, in terms of career prospects, there were no significant changes in the workers of companies with 30 or more employees, but the were worsened for companies with less than 30 employees. These results show that labor precarity in the game industry appears to be different depending on various factors, such as business size, occupation, and career. It also implies that the polarized and inequal structure of the Korean game industry is gradually deepening.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 1991

We reviewed 15 cases of mesothelioma of the pleura, of which three cases were localized benign form and 12 cases were malignant diffuse form. The tumors were distributed equally in both sexes, and occured most commonly in fifth to seventh decades. The history of exposure to asbestos was present in only one case. The chief complaints were mainly chest pain and dyspnea. Associated symptoms were cough, sputum, hemoptysis, weight loss, anorexia, chill. On physical examination, unilateral, decreased breathing sound was main feature. The simple chest radiograph showed masses in all localized mesotheliomas (100%) and in 2 diffuse mesotheliomas (17%). 8 cases of diffuse mesotheliomas (67%) showed unilateral pleural effusions. Pleural effusions were mainly bloody (67%), and almost all were exudates. In all localized mesotheliomas, final diagnosis was made by open thoracotomy. In diffuse mesotheliomas, final diagnosis was made by open thoracotomy in 7 cases, chest wall mass biopsy in 2 cases, thoracoscopic biopsy in 1 case, pleural biopsy in 1 case, and pleural biopsy combined with axillary lymph node biopsy in 1 case. Localized mesotheliomas were treated by simple excision with good prognosis. In diffuse mesotheliomas, surgical treatment (pleuropneumonectomy, pleurectomy), chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, alone or in combination, were used with dismal prognosis. The prognostic factors were not found due to the small number of cases, incomplete follow up, and early drop out.