• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.734-742
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• 2011

This study has been undertaken as a basic research for automatic pattern design for baseball uniforms manufactured under custom-MTM system, propose building up of a system whereby various partial patterns are combined under an automatic design system and develop a multi-combination type pattern searching algorithm which allows development of a various designs. As a result of this, type classification based on pattern design elements includes side, open, collar, facing and panel type. Design have been divided into coarse classification ranging from level 1 to 7 according to pattern design elements, based on a design distribution chart. Out of 7 such levels, 3 major types determining design which are, more specifically, level 1 sleeve type, level 2 open type and level 3 collar type, have been taken and combined to determine a total of 12 types to be used for design classification codes. Respective name of style and patterns have been coded using alphabet and numerals. Totally, pattern searching algorithm of multi-combination type has been developed whereby combination of patterns belonging to a specific style can be retrieved automatically once that style name is designated on the automatic pattern design system.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.297-303
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of inhalation and exhalation exercise combined with upper extremity proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern on two spirometry values: forced volume vital (FVC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Methods: Thirty-two healthy adults were divided into two groups: 1) a combined group, which performed upper extremity D2 flexion pattern (shoulder flexed/abducted/external rotated, forearm supinated, wrist radial deviated, and finger extended) during exhalation and D2 extension pattern (shoulder extended/adducted/internal rotated, forearm pronated, wrist ulnar deviated, and finger flexed) during inhalation; and 2) reverse combined group, which performed the D2 flexion pattern during inhalation and the D2 extension pattern during exhalation. The inverse application of upper extremity movements during inhalation and exhalation induced selective resistance or assistance on respiration. FVC and PEF were measured at two time points, before and after four weeks. Results: In both groups, the pre-post intervention comparison showed significant increases in FVC and PEF (p < .05). In the between-groups comparison, the reverse combined group showed a significantly higher PEF than the combined group at four weeks post intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The combined respiration exercise with reverse PNF upper extremity patterns using selective resistance showed an effective increase in PEF in healthy adults. Clinicians and researchers might consider using selective resistance as a widely applicable and cost-effective option for respiratory rehabilitation planning.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.208-214
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological and sleep-promoting effects of combined ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) using caffeine-induced sleepless fruit flies, ICR mice, and Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Video-tracking analysis was applied to investigate behavioral changes of Drosophila melanogaster. Pentobarbital-induced sleep test and electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns were used for analysis of sleep latency, duration, and quantity and quality of sleep in vertebrate models. RESULTS: Administration of combined GABA/5-HTP could significantly reverse the caffeine induced total distance of flies (P < 0.001). Also, individually administered and combined GABA/5-HTP significantly increased the total sleeping time in the caffeine-induced sleepless ICR mice (P < 0.001). In the caffeine-induced sleepless SD-rats, combined GABA/5-HTP showed significant differences in sleep quality between individual amino acid administrations (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, we identified inhibitory effects of combined GABA/5-HTP in locomotor activity, sleep quantity and quality in caffeine-induced sleepless models, indicating that combined GABA/5-HTP may be effective in patients with insomnia by providing sufficient sleep.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.433-436
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• 2009

This study is concerned with an effect of frictional condition in a forward/backward combined extrusion process. Generally, the material flow of the billet is influenced by the corners of the die cavity, the ratio in reduction in area, and thickness ratio of backward can thickness to forward can thickness. In addition, the frictional condition in contact area between the billet and the punch/die also affect the material flow. This paper investigated the effect of frictional condition for variable friction factors. The FEM simulation has been carried out in order to examine the effect of frictional condition. Deformation patterns and flow characteristics were examined in terms of design parameters such as extruded length ratio etc. Die pressure exerted on the die-workpiece interface is calculated by the simulation results and analyzed for safe tooling. Therefore the numerical simulation works provide a combined extrusion process of stable cold forging process planning to avoid the severe damage on the tool.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.504-509
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• 1999

The trend of organogenesis in Xenopus presumptive ectoderm was studied by combined dose of activin A and IGF-1(insulin-like growth factor-1). In reference study of Asashima and his colleagues, the inductive patterns of various organs were reported with activin, the potent mesoderm inducing factor. In present study, the inducing pattern was cleared with combined-dose of concentration 1-100 ng/ml activin A and IGF-1. In addition, the result from single treatment of activin A was compared with former study. As a result, eye was differentiated in 5-20% of explants at 10 and 50 ng/ml concentrative combination of activin A. Otic vesicle was appeared in the entire concentrative combination of IGF-1. Pronephric duct was induced 19-38% of explants at the concentration of activin A 100 ng/ml by adding IGF-1. The comparison of single treatment of activin A was showed some difference in dose-dependent inducing pattern.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

In this work, the combined meandering-pattern stress-sensors were presented in order to achieve the high sensitivity of stress sensors. Compared to the previous works, which have been using the single meandering-pattern stress-sensors, the sensitivity was approximately observed to increase by 30%~70%. Also, in this paper, more simple and convenient stress-measurement method was presented.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.365-368
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• 1999

This study analyzes different types of pauses in French language - silent pauses and filled pauses -, focussing on their distribution and duration in utterances from a radio interview. Pauses combined with intonation which precede and succeed influence the variability of intonation patterns; initial rising and penultima rising of French intonation. These two patterns characterize contemporary French, specially in face-to-face situation.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.39.1-39.9
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• 2022

Various methods of frequent pattern mining have been applied to genetic problems, specifically, to the combined association of two genotypes (a genotype pattern, or diplotype) at different DNA variants with disease. These methods have the ability to come up with a selection of genotype patterns that are more common in affected than unaffected individuals, and the assessment of statistical significance for these selected patterns poses some unique problems, which are briefly outlined here.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.124-131
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• 1999

Copper film, which is expected to be used as interconnection material for 1 giga DRAM integrated circuits was deposited on hole and trench patterns by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition(MOCVD) method. After a reflow process, contact and L/S patterns were filled by copper and the characteristics of the Cu reflow process were investigated. When deposited Cu films were reflowed, grain growth and agglomeration of Cu have occurred in surfaces and inner parts of patterns as well as complete filling in patterns. Also Cu thin oxide layers were formed on the surface of Cu films reflowed in $O_2$ambient. Agglomeration and oxidation of Cu had bad influence on the electrical properties of Cu films especially, therefore, their removal and prevention were studied simultaneously. As a pattern size is decreased, preferential reflow takes place inside the patterns and this makes advantages in filling patterns of deep submicron size completely. With Cu reflow process, we could fill the patterns with the size of deep sub-micron and it is expected that Cu reflow process could meet the conditions of excellent interconnection for 1 giga DRAM device when it is combined with Cu MOCVD and CMP process.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2003

This paper proposes an improved vascular pattern extraction algorithm for person verification applications. The proposed direction-based vascular pattern extraction (DBVPE) algorithm is based on the directional information of vascular patterns. It applies two different filters to the input images: row vascular pattern extraction filter (RVPEF) for effective extraction of the abscissa vascular patterns and column vascular pattern extraction filter (CVPEF) for effective extraction of the ordinate vascular patterns. We use the combined output of both filters to obtain the final hand vascular patterns. Unlike the conventional hand vascular pattern extraction algorithm, the directional extraction approach prevents loss of the vascular pattern connectivity. To validate the DBVPE algorithm, we used a prototype system with a DSP processor. The prototype system shows approximately a three-times better false acceptance rate (FAR) than the conventional single filter algorithm.