• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.55 no.10
• /
• pp.707-721
• /
• 2022

In this study, a state-of-the-art review on urban inundation simulation technology was presented summarizing major achievements and limitations, and future research recommendations and challenges. More than 160 papers published in major domestic academic journals since the 2000s were analyzed. After analyzing the core themes and contents of the papers, the status of technological development was reviewed according to simulation methodologies such as physically-based and data-driven approaches. In addition, research trends for application purposes and advances in overseas and related fields were analyzed. Since more than 60% of urban inundation research used Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), developing new modeling techniques for detailed physical processes of dual drainage was encouraged. Data-based approaches have become a new status quo in urban inundation modeling. However, given that hydrological extreme data is rare, balanced research development of data and physically-based approaches was recommended. Urban inundation analysis technology, actively combined with new technologies in other fields such as artificial intelligence, IoT, and metaverse, would require continuous support from society and holistic approaches to solve challenges from climate risk and reduce disaster damage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.119-133
• /
• 2022

Due to the improvement of surveying, mapping and communication techniques, various apps for road direction guides and vehicle navigations have been developed. Although such a development has impacted on walking and driving, there is a limit to improving the daily convenience of the socially impaired people. This is mainly due to the fact that the software have been developed for normal pedestrians and drivers. Therefore, visually impaired people still have problems with the confusion of direction and/or non-provision of risk factors in walking. This study aimed to propose a scheme which constructs data for mobility-impaired or traffic-impaired people based on various geospatial information. The factors and components related to walking for the visually impaired are selected by geospatial data and a walking route guidance network that can be applied to a commercial software. As a result, it was confirmed that road direction guidance would be possible if additional contents, such as braille blocks (dotted/linear), sound signals, bus stops, and bollards are secured. In addition, an initial version of the application software was implemented based on the suggested data model and its usefulness was evaluated to a visually impaired person. To advance the stability of the service in walking for the visually impaired people, various geospatial data obtained by multiple institutes are necessary to be combined, and various sensors and voice technologies are required to be connected and utilized through ICT (Information and Communications Technologies) technology in near future.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.32 no.10
• /
• pp.749-761
• /
• 2022

This study evaluated the antioxidizing and antiproliferative effects of Angelica japonica extract and its solvent-partitioned fractions. A dried sample of the halophyte A. japonica was extracted twice using methylene chloride (CH₂Cl₂) and extracted twice again using methanol (MeOH). The combined crude extracts were then fractionated by solvent polarity into distilled water (water), n-butanol (n-BuOH), 85% aqueous methanol (85% aq.MeOH), and n-hexane fractions. The antioxidant activities of the crude extracts and their solvent-partitioned fractions were assessed according to their DPPH radical and peroxynitrite scavenging abilities, formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA oxidation, NO production, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The crude extract showed significant antioxidant activity in the overall antioxidizing bioassay systems. Among solvent-partitioned fractions, good antioxidant activities were observed in n-BuOH and 85% aq.MeOH fractions and significantly correlated with the polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the samples. Furthermore, all samples tested, including the crude extract, not only showed cytotoxic effects against human cancer cells (AGS, HT-29, MCF-7, and HT-1080) but also prevented cell migration in a dose-dependent manner in the wound healing assay using HT 1080. Among the solvent-partitioned fractions, the 85% aq.MeOH fraction most effectively inhibited the invasion of HT-1080 cells. Therefore, these results suggest that A. japonica may be a potential antioxidizing and antiproliferative agent.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.77-89
• /
• 2021

In this study, materials and color formation techniques were assessed for black potteries excavated from the Janghyeon-dong, Jungsan-dong and Gyodong-ri sites during the Proto-Three Kingdoms period in Ulsan, Korea. Although the black potteries were black superficially, the inner cores were either black or reddish yellow. Microscopy analysis identified that body clay was used for reddish iron oxide rich soils with quartz, alkali feldspar and mica, along with grains of myrmechite texture. Additionally, as marginal differences exist in the contents of SiO₂, Fe₂O₃ and CaO, the composition of the host rock and clay distributed around the sites was affected. Thus, we can deduce that pottery was made by soiling at a short distance. Raman spectroscopy results revealed that the black layer of the black pottery was used as amorphous combustion carbon. In addition, as a transparent layer of brown lacquer was observed on the substrate that was in contact with the surface layer, the black layer of the pottery induced black color development by a combination of combustion carbon and lacquer. Based on the mineral composition and microtexture of the body clay, the firing temperature of the potteries seemed to range from 750 to 850℃, whereas the lacquer layer was pyrolyzed at 468℃ by thermal analysis. Therefore, a combined layer of combustion carbon and lacquer, which formed the black color, was painted after the body clay was fired.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.381-392
• /
• 2022

Objectives: Objective of this study is to review briefly exposure characteristics, monitoring instruments and threshold limit values for extremely low frequency-magnetic field (ELF-MF) methods. This study was undertaken through brief literature review. We performed a literature search in PubMed to identify ELF-MF studies conducted in workplaces. Initial search keywords such as 'extremely low frequency-magnetic field (ELF-MF)' and 'electromagnetic fields (EMF)' combined or singly. We limited our review to occupational rather than general nonworkplace environmental exposures. Methods: The contents we reviewed: key industry and occupations generating ELF-MF, several direct-reading instruments monitoring ELF-MF and threshold limit values (TLV) preventing health effects may be caused by the exposure to ELF-MF. Results: The industries related to the generation and supply of electricity, electrolytic installations, welding, and induction heating and more were regarded as high ELF-MF exposure industries. All jobs handling or employed performed in power cable lines, electrical wiring, and electrical equipment are found to be exposed to ELF-MF. Threshold or ceiling limit, 1,000 µT, is established to prevent acute effects of exposure to low-frequency EMFs on the nervous system: the direct stimulation of nerve and muscle tissues and the induction of retinal phosphenes. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified ELF-MF as possibly carcinogenic to humans chiefly based on epidemiological studies on childhood leukemia. However, a causal relationship between magnetic fields and several types of cancer including childhood leukemia has not been established nor has any other long-term effects. Risk management using precautionary measures, has been initiated by the US and EU to prevent chronic health effects related to ELF-MF exposure in workplaces. Conclusion: This study recommends the implementation of various measures such as theestablishment of occupational exposure limit values for ELF-MF and precautionary principle to prevent potential chronic occupational health effects may be caused by ELF-MF in Korea.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2022

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of gene polymorphisms and nongenetic factors on the somatic cell score (SCS) in the milk of Holstein (n = 148) and Simmental (n = 73) cows and their crosses (n = 6). Methods: The SCS was calculated by the formula SCS = log₂(SCC/100,000)+3, where SCC is the somatic cell count. Polymorphisms in the casein alpha S1 (CSN1S1), beta-casein (CSN2), kappa-casein (CSN3), beta-lactoglobulin (LGB), acyl-CoA diacylglycerol transferase 1 (DGAT1), leptin (LEP), fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), and 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 6 (AGPAT6) genes were genotyped, and association analysis to the SCS in the cow's milk was performed. Further, the impact of breed, farm, year, month of the year, lactation stage and parity on the SCS were analysed. Phenotype correlations among SCS and milk constituents were computed by Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: Only CSN2 genotypes A¹/A² were found to have significant association with the SCS (p<0.05), and alleles of CSN1S1 and DGAT1 genes (p<0.05). Other polymorphisms were not found to be significant. SCS had significant association with the combined effect of farm and year, lactation stage and month of the year. Lactation parity and breed had not significant association with SCS. The phenotypic correlation of SCS to lactose content was negative and significant, while the correlation to protein content was positive and significant. The correlations of SCS to fat, casein, nonfat solids, urea, citric acid, acetone and ketones contents were very low and not significant. Conclusion: Only CSN2 genotypes, CSN1S1 and DGAT1 alleles did show an obvious association to the SCS. The results confirmed the importance of general quality management of farms on the microbial milk quality, and effects of lactation stage and month of the year. The lactose content in milk reflects the health status of the udder.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.255-262
• /
• 2019

The informatics curriculum which was revised in 2015 presents the growth of creative and convergent talents as a main goal, and what is essential in the growth of creative and convergent talents is Computational Thinking(CT). In this study, in line with the goal of the growth of creative and convergent talents, the subject of IoT technology and liberal arts and natural sciences integration course was combined with the contents of informatics textbook, and the teaching-learning program was developed. In order to verify the effect of the developed teaching-learning program, the experimental research was conducted, and as a result of study, the mean of the experimental group was 10 points higher than that of the control group. Therefore, it could be known that there was an effect in the teaching-learning program suggested in this study. It is expected that the teaching-learning program suggested in this study can induce the learning motive and interest in SW education by directly implementing SW skill to the various fields of a real life through CT education based on Iot as well as a programing language, and improve convergent and scientific thinking through the experience of solving the problems which are blended with many subjects through liberal arts and natural sciences integration course, and designing them creatively.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.56 no.6
• /
• pp.765-779
• /
• 2023

The Daum Vent Field (DVF) was newly discovered in the Central Indian Ridge during the hydrothermal expedition by the Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST) in 2021. In this paper, we describe the detailed mineralogy and geochemistry of hydrothermal chimney and mound to understand the nature of hydrothermal mineralization in the DVF. The mineral assemblages (pyrite±sphalerite±chalcopyrite) of dominant sulfides, FeS contents (mostly <20 mole %) of sphalerite, and (Cu+Zn)/Fe values (0.001-0.22) of bulk compositions indicate that the DVF has an strong affinity with basaltic-hosted seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) deposit along the oceanic ridge. Combined with the predominance of colloform and/or dendritic-textured pyrite and relatively Fe-poor sphalerite in chimneys, the fluid-temperature dependency of trace element systematics (Co, Mn, and Tl) between chimney and mound indicates that the formation of mound was controlled by relatively reducing and high-temperature fluids compared to chimney. The δ³⁴S values (+8.31 to +10.52‰) of pyrite reflect that sulfur and metals were mainly leached from the associated basement rocks (50.6-61.3%) with a contribution from reduced seawater sulfur (38.7-49.4%). This suggests that the fluid-rock interaction, with little effect of magmatic volatile influx, is an important metal source for the sulfide mineralization in the DVF.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.499-503
• /
• 2024

Broadcasting programs are provided to various media such as Internet replay, OTT, and IPTV services as well as self-broadcasting. In this case, it is very important to provide keywords for search that represent the characteristics of the content well. Broadcasters mainly use the method of manually entering key keywords in the production process and the archive process. This method is insufficient in terms of quantity to secure core metadata, and also reveals limitations in recommending and using content in other media services. This study supports securing a large number of metadata by utilizing closed caption data pre-archived through the DTV closed captioning server developed in EBS. First, core metadata was automatically extracted by applying Google's natural language AI technology. The next step is to propose a method of finding core metadata by reflecting priorities and content characteristics as core research contents. As a technology to obtain differentiated metadata weights, the importance was classified by applying the TF-IDF calculation method. Successful weight data were obtained as a result of the experiment. The string metadata obtained by this study, when combined with future string similarity measurement studies, becomes the basis for securing sophisticated content recommendation metadata from content services provided to other media.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.37-53
• /
• 2024

Background: To train dental hygienists to utilize knowledge in practice, an integrated curriculum based on the competencies of dental hygienists is expanding; however, in the field of basic dental hygiene the curriculum is still fragmented and based on segmented knowledge. This study developed an integrated curriculum based on the competencies of dental hygienists in Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Physiology, which are subjects for basic dental hygiene that have high linkage and overlap. Methods: After selecting the learning objectives for the integrated curriculum from those of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Physiology, the duties of the dental hygienist in relation to the learning objectives were analyzed. Learning objectives were combined with the duties of a dental hygienist to derive competencies for an integrated curriculum. Referring to the syllabus and learning objectives for each subject, the weekly educational content, learning objectives, and credits of the integrated curriculum were derived. After conducting a Delphi survey to validate the competency and content of the derived integrated curriculum, an integrated curriculum was developed. Results: By using the first and second Delphi surveys, four competencies were developed for dental hygienists that can be achieved through an integrated basic dental hygiene curriculum. In addition, an integrated curriculum including the courses Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Physiology, Structure and Function of the Human Body/Head/Neck, and Structure and Function of the Oral Cavity was established. Conclusion: This study presents a specific example for developing a competency-based integrated curriculum that can be used as a framework to derive a competency-based integrated curriculum among subjects that can be integrated according to the linkage of learning contents and the competencies that can be achieved.