• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.767-776
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• 2009

This study evaluated the effect of nutritional improvement of 0~5 year children of financially poor families after nutrition supplement of children and nutrition education in parents/guardians. The subject selected among applicants for low-income family financing of the government included 198 children (0~12 months:92, 1~5 years:106), and the average ages were 5.3 months and 2.4 years respectively. Food that includes each nutrient factor was provided to the subject for six months. Nutrition education was performed in two ways, through class and private education, once a month for both. Nutritional improvement was evaluated by body measurement and anemia prevalence rate. As to the survey on breast-feeding, complete breast-feeding accounted for 58.7%, weaning food 27.3%, and combined feeding 14.1% respectively, which shows that breast-feeding accounted for the largest percentage. The education program improved knowledge and attitude of the parents/guardians, which brings in positive effects on growth of children as well. The nutrition knowledge score was improved after nutrition education in 0~12 month children $(8.5\pm1.75\;to\;8.9\pm1.69)$ and 1~5 year children $(7.3\pm1.39\;to\;7.8\pm1.30)$. The nutrition attitude score was significantly improved in 0~12month children $(52.0\pm6.99$ to $53.5\pm5.21$, p < 0.001) and 1~5year children ($45.1\pm7.30$ to $49.0\pm5.96$, p < 0.001). In evaluation on nutritional improvement based on body measurements, it turned out that the wasting was reduced as for children in consideration of the height and weight according to the subject's age. The concentration of hemoglobin after the nutrient treatment for six months was significantly improved, and the anemia prevalence rate as well was reduced from 40.6% to 13.5%, which indicates the significant improvement. Based on the findings above, it turned out that providing quality food to children and nutrition education to the parents/guardians poorly fed in low-income families improved knowledge and attitude of the guardians and prevents anemia and improves growth, which brings in positive effects on growth of children. In the results regarding attitude and knowledge on nutrient/dietary life; however, the improvement level was relatively low when the extent before the education was too small, which indicates the need to revise and complement the contents and methods. In addition, as shown in the result of body measurement, long-term and consistent investigation is necessary since it is difficult to judge the effect on growth only based on short-term nutrient supplement.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 2013

Hybrid ceramic membrane (HCM) processes that combined ozonation with a ceramic membrane (CM) or a reactive ceramic membrane (RM), an iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) incorporated-CM were investigated for membrane fouling control. Alumina disc type microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes doped with IONs by sintering method were tested under varying mass fraction of IONs. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that IONs were well-doped on the CM surface and doped IONs were approximately 50 nm in size. Change in the pure water permeability of RM was negligible compared to that of CM. These results indicate that IONs incorporation onto CM had little effect on CM performance in terms of the flux. Natural organic matter (NOM) fouling and fouling recovery patterns during HCM processes confirmed that the RM-ozonation process enhanced the destruction of NOM and reduced the extent of fouling more than the CM-ozonation process by hydroxyl radical formation in the presence of IONs on RM. In addition, analyses of NOM in the feed water and the permeate showed that the efficiency of membrane fouling control results from the NOM degradation during HCM processes; leading to removal and transformation of relatively high contents of aromatic, high molecular weight and hydrophobic NOM fractions.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.384-388
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• 1996

This research was conducted to investigate the effective methods for browning inhibition on yam (Dioscorea aimadeimo) during dehydration by physical and chemical pretreatments. Moisture, crude protein, crude fiber and N-free extract contents of yam were 81.17%, 1.43%, 0.29% and 15.81%, respectively. Yams were sliced to 0.5 cm thickness and placed to single and poly layer in plastic tray, and then changes of their weights were measured during air dehydration at $50^{\circ}C,\;65^{\circ}C,\;and\;80^{\circ}C$. The dehydration time reaching to optimum moisture level for the pulverization of the yam slices were 10, 6, 3 hours(single layered) and 12, 7, 5 hours(multi layered) at the respective temperature. To inhibit browning at $80^{\circ}C$ air dehydration, water and steam blanching, microwave treatment effects were investigated on yam slices for 30 sec. and 60 sec. Steam blanching for 30 sec. was comparatively effective to inhibit browning of yam slices. Yam slices were immersed in single and combined browning inhibitor solutions and evaluated for browing degree during dehydration by the values of Hunter L, a, b and ${\Delta}E$. The most effective pretreatment to inhibit browning of yam slices was immersion In the solution containing 500 ppm of citric acid and 1000 ppm of cysteine for 1 min.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.8A no.4
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• pp.517-522
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• 2001

The appearance of web technology has accelerated a role of the development of the multimedia technology, the computer communication technology and the multimedia application contents. And serveral researches of WBI (Web-based Instruction) system have combined the technology of the digital library and LOD. Recently WBI (Web-based Instruction) model which is based on web has been proposed in the part of the new activity model of teaching-learning. And the demand of the customized coursewares which is required from the learners is increased, the needs of the efficient and automated education agents in the web-based instruction are recognized. But many education systems that had been studied recently did not service fluently the courses which learners had been wanting and could not provide the way for the learners to study the learning weakness which is observed in the continuous feedback of the course. In this paper we propose "Design of Multi-agent System for Course Scheduling of Learner-oriented using Weakness Analysis Algorithm". First proposed system monitors learner's behaviors constantly, evaluates them, and calculates his accomplishment. From this accomplishment the multi-agent schedules the suitable course for the learner. And the learner achieves a active and complete learning from the repeated and suitable course.le course.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.4 s.115
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• pp.418-434
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• 2006

The study was investigated to runoff characteristics of non-point pollutants according to rainfall in Kokseong river watershed. The result of which is as follows : First of all, major reason which affect the formation of water quality of Kokseong River is judged to be caused by non-point pollution source which flows out from farmland and residential area. Flow of rainfall effluent in the downstream in which direct flow components of urban district and combined sewer overflows of farmland was intervened faster than that in the upstream reacted more promptly. Generation of pollutants by non-point source shows increasing trend in general in accordance with the increase in the intensity of rainfall but it was affected by SS, BOD, COD and T-P in the upstream part whereas BOD, COD and T-N were significantly affected by beginning period of rainfall in the downstream. EMC in the downstream increased approximately 3-315 times as compared to upstream, particularly the discharge of SS5 and T-P were extremely increased. While surface flow out of rainfall effluent in the upstream was only 4.7%, the surface flow in the downstream took up as much as 29%, which was major reason for the increase of EMC. From the above contents, we can see that the change in water quality according to the increase and decrease of effluent at the time of rainfall showed very complex pattern depending on the type of land use, and it is judged that the most important thing for the administration of non-point pollution source is to come up with the solution for the reduction of effluent at the beginning.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.741-749
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• 1999

This study is to develop a method of measuring the soil water concentration by using TDR, which is based on the relationships between the bulk soil electrical conductivity of soil and the reflected wave of TDR. The proposed monitoring method is combined with two important relationships. One is that between the bulk soil electrical conductivity and the solute concentration, which is known to be linear at a constant volumetric soil water content and the other is that between the relative bulk soil electrical conductivity and the water content at a constant concentration. Some formulas have been proposed to solve the second relationship, but a new formula and the critical water content are proposed to improve the accuracy of measurement. This proposed formula estimates the relative bulk soil electrical conductivity for water contents which is divided to two regions, linear and nonlinear, by the critical water content. As the result of the comparison with other formulas, the proposed formula is proved to be superior to other formulas and to be an available method to apply to the unsaturated transient solute transport.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.374-381
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• 2009

Low-fat pork sausages (LFPS) were prepared with 1% transglutaminase (TG) and 0.5% sodium caseinate (SC), and with or without different type of hydrocolloids (0.3%; acorn, AC or mungbean, MB) to evaluate the effects of these ingredients on the physicochemical and textural properties of LFPS with reduced salt. pH, moisture content (%) and lightness of low-fat/salt pork sausages (LFSPS) were affected by the addition of TG combined with SC (TG-SC) and acorn or mungbean powders affected the lightness and yellowness of LFSPS. However, cooking yield of LFSPS decreased, while textural properties were increased with the addition of TG-SC combination, which did not affect expressible moisture contents (%) of LFSPS. Both AC and MB tended to improve the cooking yield and water holding capacity of LFSPS, especially, MB rather than AC. However, these had no effect on the textural properties of LFSPS, except for textural chewiness. These results indicated that AC and MB powders could be used as a water binding agent in TG-SC combination of LFSPS.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1029-1034
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• 2000

A suitable method of sample treatments to minimize the analytical interferences was presented in order to determine bisphenols [bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE), and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE)] in various canned beverages coated with epoxy resin by the reversephase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) equipped with a fluorescence detector and the gas chromatography with mass selective detection. The recovery test of bisphenols was performed using 1, 5, and 10 ${\mu}g/L$ bisphenols spiked beverages with the combined technique of the solid-phase extraction (SPE) and the liquid-phase extraction (LPE). Both BPA and BADGE showed quite adequate resolutions in HPLC-chromatograms. The recoveries of BPA obtained by LPE with diethyl ether were higher than those obtaind with methylene chloride on coffee, shikhye and fruit juice. For cola and tea, the recoveries of BPA obtaind by SPE were higher than those by LPE with diethyl ether. The recoveries of BADGE were less than those of BPA for all beverage samples treated by either SPE or LPE method. In survey of bisphenols for eighteen commercial canned beverage samples, BPA contents of coffee, cola, tea, shikhye, and fruit juice were in the range of $1.3{\sim}11.6,\;0.5{\sim}0.9,\;1.0{\sim}1.3,\;2.4{\sim}7.9$, and $3.0{\sim}3.4\;{\mu}g/L$, respectively, but there was no detection of BPA in beer sample.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-50
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• 2017

The rise of Hallyu (Korean Wave) has generated a treasury of historiographic and cultural inquiries into the phenomenal success of South Korea's media entertainment industry. Whereas the majority of such studies focus on TV dramas and popular music, there is a medium, or rather a hybrid sub-genre within the medium category of short films, that must be reexamined and thus appreciated as the archetypal predecessor of popular Hallyu contents: music videos. The rapidly changing social, political, and economic climate in the mid- to late 1990s called for content that would grasp the attention of a younger, increasingly mobile population with diversified interests and routines that no longer guaranteed fixed-time viewership. Meanwhile, the advent of cable TV channels and high-speed internet service ensured greater temporal and infrastructural accessibility. The media entertainment industry's response to the new opportunities and challenges arising from these sudden growths in the scale, range, connectivity, and mobility of consumer demographics was synergetic cross-sector collaboration in the form of dramatized blockbuster music videos, which combined two popular and lucrative genres: trendy dramas and ballad music. In this essay, by relocating Hallyu's archetypal medium/genre, I claim that increasing upward and sideways mobility across sectors not only inspired new production but also reconfigured the very concept, form, and impact of media-driven cultural imaginary in South Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.468-477
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• 2019

This study analyzed the major contents and results of revision through an analysis of the specifications and the field survey to revise the construction cost calculation criteria. The result of the survey found that the background processing difficulty was reduced due to an improvement of the quality level of the field floor, and the enhancement of the material's function brought a decrease in construction time and the application of various construction methods. In addition, the application of combined waterproofing methods using more than one material was increasing and the productivity differed according to the site and location. Based on these results, waterproof items were subdivided and applied to the composite construction method, and the input items were differentiated according to the material and construction method. The adequacy of the construction calculation criteria was ensured by presenting the criteria classified according to the construction area, and deleting the items that are not applicable and amending them to make them suitable for the specifications by reflecting the actual conditions of the construction on the site.