• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2007

Korean children's clothes have unique aesthetic characteristics distinguished from other countries'. Our folk beliefs handed down from ancient times always contained fortune - seeking thoughts and particularly mothers' earnest wishes for the happiness of their children were sublimated into the symbolic beauty of their children's clothes. The present study examined children's clothes in the royal family and among the people for 50 years of the transitional period from the late Joseon Dynasty to modern times, by classifying them into ritual dress for new-born babies, festival dress and everyday dress. Male children's clothes included caps such as Bokgeon(복건), Hogeon(호건) and Gulle(굴레) topcoats such as Durumagi(두루마기), Sagyusam(사규삼) Koija(쾌자) and Jeonbok(전복) and others such as Magoja(마고자), Baeja(배자), Joggi(조끼) and Bajijeogori(바지저고리), Female children's clothes included caps and head ornaments such as Gulle, Jobawi(조바위) and Daenggi(댕기) and others such as Durumagi, Jegori and Chima(치마). What is interesting is that old clothes handed down to the present are mostly boys' and few of them are girls'. This is probably because of the strong preference for boys rather than girls that continued until the end of the 20th century. Ordinary people dressed their new - born babies with simple white clothes until Samchilil (the 21st day) or Baekil (the 100thday) but, for these occasions, the royal family prepared clothes as formal as those for the $1^{st}$ birthday among the public. Rainbow-striped garments were more popular among the public than in the royal family. As rainbow colors were known to Korean people to dispel evil power and bring in fortunes, rainbow - striped garments were essential for the $1^{st}$ birthday and festive days. However, they were seldom used in ordinarytimes, and most boys and girls wore plain jackets and plain topcoats. When children's clothes in noble families were compared with royal family's ones, either handed down to the present or found in old literature, no significant difference was observed in the basic composition of everyday dress. In particular, it was found that Andong Kim's family had dressed their children with very formal dress such as Dopo and Sagyusam. Among children's clothes, the most gorgeous one was that worn on the $1^{st}$ birthday, and those for other occasions or festive days were similar or simpler. Colors, patterns and designs used in decorating children's clothes mostly had the meanings of seeking fortunes for children such as long life, wealth and prosperity.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.390-400
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• 2022

University Identity can effectively convey the core values for which schools aim by establishing university identity and integrating one unique image. Therefore, most universities are actively implementing promotional strategies such as newly defining university identity or releasing cultural products. Recently, university brands have been continuously exposed and differentiated through SNS such as Instagram, YouTube, and Facebook as well as existing advertisements and homepages. This study analyzes the identities of the top 80 universities in Korea and China, by referring to the rankings of Asian universities in the 2021 QS World University Rankings, and addresses differences in terms of design shape, number of colors, and use of English. Moreover, 'Cohen's Kappa' consistency analysis was applied to secure data accuracy by analyzing the difference in visual expression of university identity between the two countries through quantification and cross-analysis of visualized university identity design of Korean and Chinese universities. As a result of the study, it is creative, irregular, and has a lot of use of blue, red, and green, and most of them can be seen in less than two colors. In addition, it turns out that word marks and abstract forms of expression are used for university identity design. This study can present implications as effective basic data for internationalizing universities and creating differentiated university identity designs in the future.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.143-152
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• 1998

Recently, rapidly increa~ing internet Websites are providing us with the new kinds of multimedia infonnations without borders acting as the center for exchanging informations. Such new media infonnations through the internet passes infonnations via light on the monitor and provides the various infonnations, with the differentiation from the traditional printing media, it can be searched with electronic commands in limited space. In the process of adapting the new technologies, new media has successfully responded to the fast change and the development of its needs by experiencing the trials and errors, steadily establishing the stable position with its new infonnation transferring and exchanging methods. The representative hompage of websites of information lransfonnations means the first page containing no lower directories and consist of titles, icons, symbols and addresses and can design them in consideration of graphical process, planning, contents and others. Such hompages are very important since the graphical images shows its visual expressions deciding the total meanings of the hompages. In this research, we have analyzed the relationships between its overall colors and text colors from randomly picked hompages of websites in the internets of various areas. Generally, the homepages are designed with graphical expressions in personal way and the feedbacks and responses of such may differs, but this can be used as reference materials for the analysis of new media in objective way. Also, it can be used as the base informations for arrangement and planning of designs with the characteristics of graphics and Graphical User Intertilces in the backhlfound which are implemented over internet.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.38-44
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• 2013

Karl Foerster had the most significant influence on the establishment of the German garden culture. From the viewpoint of planting design, in particular, he greatly contributed to the selection of new materials and the distribution of gardens. Therefore it is worth re-exploring his garden in that he triggered the use of natural planting that is widely used these days and already used ornamental grasses in his garden designs. This study aimed to review Foerster's garden to understand his planting design methods and their historical significance. The results suggest: Firstly, in spatial structure he designed sunken gardens influenced by the climate and triggered the use of natural planting by applying naturally open meadow, ferns and grasses. Secondly, in terms of the use of materials, he pointed out the necessity to use perennial plants. He bred perennial plants that the general public could easily grow and that were resistant against cold and created show gardens to demonstrate the characteristics of the plants and possible combination methods to the public. Thirdly, in terms of the aesthetical principles of his planting design, he focuses on colors and seasons and was interested in blue, yellow and white colors. In doing so, he developed new varieties such as Delphinium, Rudbeckia and Phlox. He emphasized the necessity of seven seasons, which served as the ancestor of contemporary winter gardens.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.199-207
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• 2024

Today, AI image creation technology is being expanded and utilized across industries. Accordingly, various AI image creation programs optimized for the fashion industry are being developed and commercialized. In this study, we compared and analyzed the visual characteristics of fashion images created by AI image creation programs such as Playground, Midjourney, and The New Black to identify the characteristics of each program and point out areas where each program can be used and problems. The results are as follows: First, while Playground and Midjourney intuitively applied the contents of the command to create images that were different from actual fashion trends, Dannew Black created images that were relatively similar to fashion trends. Second, while Playground separates or combines images corresponding to the command content, Midjourny tends to create new images by adding and fusing various details. Third, in Playground, colors not included in the command appear randomly, and in The New Black, colors not included in the command appear coordinated, and Midjourney generates the color specified in the command relatively accurately. In conclusion, Midjourney can be used when seeking inspiration for developing unique and creative fashion designs, and The New Black can be helpful in referencing fashion trends or fashion styling. On the other hand, playgrounds can be somewhat confusing when it comes to color creation, so this is something to be careful about. It is expected that AI image creation tools can be used more efficiently in fashion design development.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.3 s.151
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• pp.412-424
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• 2006

This paper starts out with a review of the concepts of naturalism and natural clothes. Based on these concepts, the paper aims to create nature-friendly and high-value modem designs by grafting natural images from butterflies into human bodies. The images of butterflies are combined to show distinguished luxury and diversity with natural materials such as denim. As for the design technology, Adove Illustrator 10, Photoshop 7.0, and Prima Vision Textile Design System are used since they are very popular in the CAD system. The followings are the main findings of our research. Naturalism displays its objectivity based on its inherent interest in human nature and its factual description in scientific approaches with an intention to find a true meaning of human life in nature. Natural clothes can be defined as the clothes of natural silhouette which are made of pure materials in natural colors and dyes from natural motifs such as animals, plants or natural phenomena. We have realized that the visually distinguished looks of butterflies are indeed far more luxurious than those of any other insects and this visual distinction can be utilized to attract the attention from designers. Lastly, it turns out that the digital printing technique can create more variety in colors and design forms than the manual printing, thereby providing designers with more options and practicality.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1D
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• pp.91-98
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• 2011

Recently, the usage of elastic paving using EPDM Chip instead of pedestrian sidewalk blocks or permeable concrete used mostly for pedestrian walk, trails and in parks has been increassed as it can absorb impact during walking and produce wide range of colors and designs. However, the properties of EPDM Chip including elasticity and durability are decreased when exposed to ultraviolet ray and scenic paving functions through various colors are lowered due to the yellowing phenomenon. In this study, ultraviolet ray accelerated weathering test has been conducted to analyze the color changes in EPDM Chip and polyurethane resin, which are the main ingredients of elastic paving, when exposed to ultraviolet ray. The color differences are quantitatively analyzed through the color value coordination of the colored space by using the color difference scheme. The experimental results show that the color changes in BL polyurethane resin which is used most frequently at present was larger than that of EPDM Chip. Moreover, the total color difference, ${\Delta}E$, of BC polyurethane resin are 3.162 on the $14^{th}$ day of commencement of acceleration, which is 6 times greater color change resistance against ultraviolet ray than that of BL polyurethane resin with total color difference of 20.639. Therefore, the usage of BC polyurethane resin, which is manufactured to have chain-type molecular structure by using the isocyanate as the HMDI at the time of producing polymer, as binder in elastic paving with EPDM Chip is found to be a highly efficient method of restraining the color changes due to the ultraviolet ray.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.283-303
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• 2006

This is the research on the correlation between the marketing activities conducted by the companies participating in the overseas exhibitions in the exhibition and the satisfaction of the visitors. I have been able to obtain the following findings through the positive research on the satisfaction of the visitors to the overseas exhibitions. The research findings show that the external elements of the participating companies such as 'external appearances of booths, interior facilities and the atmosphere', 'designs of exhibits', 'size of the participating companies', and the publicity elements of the participating companies such as 'the degree of application of mass media', 'prior publicity of the participating companies', etc. among the marketing activities conducted by the participating companies in the exhibition affect the interest and repeat business deals of the visitors. The findings also show that the elements to induce the interest of the visitors such as the booth design and display of products where the participating companies may produce their unique image and the prior publicity to the visitors constitute the important elements of marketing. It has also been revealed that the visitors whose purpose of the visits are to purchase the products and to satisfy their interest in 'the events and contents of the events affect the interest and the repeat business deals of the visitors, among the interest and repeat business deals pursuant to the characteristics of the visitors. It has also been found that the visitors who have recognized the representative brands in the exhibitions affect the interest and the repeat business deals and the visitors who have visited the exhibition several times are more satisfied than the visitors who have visited the exhibition for the first time. The comparative evaluation of the degree of importance of the marketing activities of the participating companies before the visitors' visit to the exhibitions and the degree of satisfaction after their visit reveals degrees of satisfaction in the order of 'the booth staff's professional knowledge of the exhibits', 'foreign language proficiency and their techniques of negotiation and demonstration', 'designs of the exhibits (colors and packaging), 'prior publicity of the participating companies. Such being the case, the companies participating in any of the overseas should maximize the result of their participation in the exhibition by training their staff in the products and foreign languages and through the prior publicity. It has also been found out that "the atmosphere of the booth in the exhibition such as 'launching of new products', 'external appearances of the booth, layout of the interior facilities and the atmosphere and events of the participating companies affect the interest and repeat business deals of the visitors, among the factors for the satisfaction of the visitors. Therefore, it has been proven that the external factors such as the external appearances of the booth, display of the products, launching of new products and events producing the atmosphere of the booth of the participating companies among the marketing activities conducted by the participating companies, and the extent of the training of the booth staff and prior publicity are the major factors affecting the interest and repeat business deals of the visitors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.19
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• pp.141-155
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• 1992

The Buddhist costumes, unlike the ordinary ones, have not been studied comprehensively due to their religious, non-popular and non-social features. In this regard, this paper aimed at reviewing the styles and symbolic Characters of the monks' dancing costumes for the traditional Buddhist ceremony of 'Spirit Vulture Peak'(The Intangible Cultural Asset No.50.) Here, the 'Spirit Vulture Peak Ceremony' is a kind of Buddhist ceremony commemorating the Buddha's preaches on the peak of Mt. Grdhrakuta by means of symbolized ritual and reformation procedures. The methodology of this study depended on the research of literatures, personal observation of the actual ceremony and the discussion with Priest Park Song-am. The dancing style of the Ceremony can be divided into four categories; the cymbal dancing., the drum dancing , the butterfly dancing and the column-beating dancing. And for the dancing costumes, the loose ritual mantle, the long-sleeve robe and the buddhist costume are used; the loose mantle and the long-sleeve robe are for the drum dancing. The style of the loose mantle is rectangular, sewn every odd knot between 5 and 25 ones. According to the record, its color was initially grey or red-yellow, but varied depending on the local rules. The four corners of the loose mantle have a rectangular-cloth embroidery of sky & king patterns, and the center is embroidered with the Sun'Moon designs or 'Om/Nan' letters in the Korean spells. The light of Sun/ Moon designs symbolizing the sky and the earth respectively are indigenous to a particular school in Korea. The long-sleeve robe has a traditional over-coat style. and is called otherwise of if some design is added. The total clothing or dancing costumes for the Ceremony include 'the Dae-ryung (meaning great peake)loose mantle', 'the White Paldad(meaning Chinese Character eight) long-sleeve robe and the peaked hat. The Dae-ryung mantle is a kind of ritual costumes with the shorter length than the ordinary mantles, and has a character 'Ryung' in Chinese spell attached with three to six colors. The White Paldae robe is shorter than the ordinary robes in the total length but longer in the length of sleeves. It is put on over the mantle from the left shoulder, and used often for the butterfly and column-beating dancings. It is hoped that this study will promote the study on the customs and rites of the Buddhism rather than on the thoughts, and contribute to the further studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.194-205
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• 2012

Historically, garments have been spontaneously made with human instinct in order to warm and decorate the body using textiles that have been made and used by various peoples in different cultures. Contemporary garments have been used as a means of warming as well as express individual personality and a desire to pursue beauty. They have a unique formativeness and a symbolic nature according to cultural phenomena that reflect a cultural outcome that expresses contemporary thinking and ideology as well as their aesthetic consciousness. This study globally promotes Chinese opera mask culture and proposes the possibility of creative thinking through the introduction of Chinese opera mask elements into contemporary fashion, expressing them as patchworks. In order to endow artistic value (required in contemporary fashion) this study creates works by analyzing and applying a formative sense seen in patchwork techniques and the characteristics of Chinese opera masks; in addition, it sought the possibility of new expressions in garment designs. The results obtained from the research involve the following. First, the introduction of the traditional patchwork technique to contemporary garments may be a dynamic theme of garment expression and exceed stereotypical ideas that enable the creation of designs attuned to the globalization era. Second, it was possible to pursue independent formativeness which is in harmony with a modern sense through the restructuring of the harmony of colors and practical characteristics found in patchworks. Third, it was possible to demonstrate their artistry and unique effect in the expression of contemporary garments by the expression of the analyzed results of characteristic patterns of Chinese opera masks with a patchwork technique in creating works. Results show that it is necessary to conduct research into a patchwork technique that applies diverse materials as a new method to develop contemporary garment design also as a creative design. In addition, if the analyzed results of the characteristic patterns of Chinese opera masks can be expressed with a patchwork technique, they may be able to exhibit a genuine effect along with the artistry of expression in contemporary garments; thereby, relevant follow-up research should be further continued.