• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 1995

A new dyeing M/C, called Green-flow was developed in this study. A new M/C was applied to mixed air flow method combined aerodynamic technology to fabric speed power. The polyester fabric was dyed of beige color with a new M/C and Luft-roto dyeing M/C made by Thies Company(German) with the same dyeing condition (liquor ratio=1 : 3.5, Fabric speed = 450yds/min.) for comparision. The results showed that the color fastness to dye and drapability of the fabrics dyed with both M/C were almost the same and the levelness and T.H.V of the fabrics dyed with Greenflow were better than those dyed with Luft-roto M/C. In addition, it is found that the fabric speed of 502yds/min was a suitable for both M/C.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.199-207
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• 2020

Recently, as the demand for masks increases, the use of filter-replaceable cotton masks is increasing. A filter-replaceable cotton mask is one of the ways to solve the environmental problems of a disposable nonwoven mask because only the filter can be replaced after washing. Cotton fiber products are known to be environmentally friendly, but cotton products dyed with general synthetic dyes are not safe for humans. In this study, to prepare of cotton mask applied with natural dyeing, the optimal dyeing conditions are set when dyeing with gallnut extract. A polychromatic natural dye that changes color by mordant, and the functionalities of gallnut dyeing fabrics are evaluated. The experimental method is dyed the gallnut by temperature and time by concentration to set the optimal conditions. The color fastness rating grade of aluminium potassium sulfate dodecahydrate, copper(ll) sulfate pentahydrate, and iron(ll) chloride tetrahydrate were evaluated after the pre/post mordanting.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.136-148
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• 2007

African marigold is a common plant easily available in many flower beds. It has been reported as a practical and prospective resource of dyes since the dyes can be extracted from their bodies as well as petals. In this research, cotton and ramie fabrics which are made from natural cellulose were dyed using the extract of the African Marigold which is a variety of marigold. Dyeing tests were carried out under different pH of the dye solution and mordants. Dyeability was evaluated by examining and measuring surface color, K/S value, and the changes in the maximum absorption wavelength. The probability of improving dyeability was investigated by pre-mordanting with pre-treated chitosan. For the dyeing with marigold extract, the color tone did not differ by pre-mordanting and non-mordanting. Reaction with post-mordanting was excellent, which was colored in various yellow series. The best dyeability was achieved in dye solution of pH 6.5-7.0 which is not conditioned. The largest K/S value and color difference were obtained in tin mordanting. The dye uptake was greatly increased in chitosan pre-treated mordanting compared with the post-mordanting without chitosan pre-treatment. Due to its high heat resistance, African Marigold extract is easy for dye extraction and dyeing, and its dyeability is excellent for natural cellulose fibers. Also, colorfastness was proved to be practically usable.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.249-257
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• 2003

For the efficiency in extracting gromwell colorant, methanol, ethanol and aceton were used as solvents. Also, to compare the results when dyed in various conditions and on various fabrics, the ratio of water-dye mixture, pH, temperature, and varieties of fabrics -wool, silk, cotton, nylon, ramie- were selected. L, a, b, ΔE, munsell and K/S value of each sample was measured and compared for the practical use. Water-dye mixture of 5:5 ratio showed the optimum dyeability. Not to mention wool and silk, but also cotton showed a satisfying dying result at the acidity of pH4. As the temperature increased, the dyeability of all three fabrics improved greatly. Especially, wool showed the highest improvement in terms of dyeability as the temperature increased. K/S values for wool and nylon showed superior results to the others in the gromwell colorant. The resulting color turned out somewhat different depending on the solvents used and the sort of fabric that was tested on. When the gromwell colorant extracted with methanol or ethanol was applied, the color of fabrics came out as purple or purpleblue. When the colorant extracted with acetone was used, the color of fabrics came out to be redpurple. The colorfastness to light showed low glades regardless to whichever solvents were used. The grades of colorfastness to laundering were recorded low numerical values, and its record became even lower when the gromwell colorant extracted with aceton was applied. The staining grade of the colorfastness to laundering showed a good grade in the range of 4 to 5. All the dyed fabrics showed a excellent drycleaning fastness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.486-493
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• 2008

Safflower red colorants extracted by two solvents including the traditional ash solution and $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution was used for dyeing cotton, ramie, viscose rayon, silk, wool, and nylon fabrics. The effects of extraction solvents on the reflectance, K/S value, and color properties of the dyed fabrics were investigated. Wash/dry cleaning and light colorfastness were evaluated. Reflectance curves of cotton, ramie, viscose rayon, and silk fabrics dyed with red colorants extracted by $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution were similar, showing the maximum absorption at 520nm, to that of the dyed fabrics with red colorants extracted by ash solution. The reflectance curves of wool and nylon fabrics were different, showing the maximum absorption at 400nm. K/S values of dyed fabrics with red colorants extracted by $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution were higher than that by ash solution with the exception of nylon. $L^{*},\;a^{*},\;b^{*}$, and $C^{*}$ of the dyed fabrics with red colorants extracted by $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution were higher than that by ash solution except for $L^{*}$ of nylon and $b^{*}$ of viscose rayon. Color difference(${{\Delta}E}^*$) of the dyed fabrics between ash solution and $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution increased in the order named as cotton, silk, ramie, viscose rayon, wool, and nylon. Regardless of extraction solvents, safflower red colorants produced RP color on cotton, ramie, and nylon, R color on viscose rayon and silk, and YR color on wool. Wash/dry cleaning fastness of the dyed fabrics was high above 3/4 rating but light fastness was very poor. It is considered that the use of $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution instead of the traditional ash solution would be more effective in terms of color reproducibility and extraction process.

• Clean Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2004

The leather was fixed with various colors through the dyeing process in leather manufacturing. During the dyeing process, the amount of 30~50% dyestuff which were not bonded with leather drained with waste water. These dyestuff raise lots of environmental problems, so technology for improving the fixing effect, levelling effect and penentration effect with the use of small amount of dyestuff has been required. Also, insufficient color fastness level 2~3 grade for common natural leather needs to be improved at the same time. Accordingly, the use of ultrasound(us) in dyeing process has decreased the amount of dyestuff and obtained the smooth permeability effect. So, we could find that the reduction of amount of dyestuff in wastewater led to decrease in environmental trouble caused by leather waste water with severe contamination degree and improved fastness up to 0.5 grades.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.861-871
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• 2014

This study explored applicability of natural dyeing and functional property of base paper using paper yarn and fabrics with green laver extracts. As a result of measuring dyeability and functional property of cotton, silk, and a blended fabric of cotton/mulberry, $60^{\circ}C$ and 40 minutes was the optimal dyeing condition for the cotton fabric under an alkali condition; $50^{\circ}C$ and 60 minutes for the silk fabric; $60^{\circ}C$ and 50 minutes for the blended fabric of cotton/mulberry. As a result of measuring the color fastness after dyeing cotton, silk and the blended fabric of cotton/mulberry, fastness to washing, water, rubbing, dry cleaning and light was superior. In terms of functional property, the silk and the blended fabric of cotton/mulberry were superior concerning antimicrobial properties of the fabric dyed with green laver extracts while the cotton fabric showed 90% or over. Regarding deodorization, the blended fabric of cotton/mulberry was the most superior. All the fabrics were harmless to the human body as they had heavy metal content below the standard. Considering the research results comprehensively, the green laver extracts possibly has enough applicability and functional property as a natural dyes. Moreover, it has potential to be developed new eco-friendly fashion materials.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.515-522
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• 2017

The natural dyeing industry has been faced with increasing demands of constant needs for environmentally and body friendly clothing products among modern consumers. Natural dyeing has attracted attention as a next-generation technology in green textiles. Dyestuffs need to be diversified for technological development activation in order to meet the increasing demands for natural dyeing. This study extracted dyeing solutions from the leaves of the Rose of Sharon (the national flower of South Korea) and investigated its dyeing properties for the development of various natural dyestuffs. This study investigates the dyeability of silk fabrics with Rose of Sharon leaves extract. Optimal conditions for dyeing of silk fabrics with the extract of Rose of Sharon were $40^{\circ}C/80min$ and $90^{\circ}C/60min$ with 100% concentration. Looking at the results, it showed the best K/S value at pH3, Sn pre-mordanting and Fe post-mordanting. Color fastness to washing, dry cleaning, rubbing and perspiration was good at grade 4-5 or 4. However, light fastness was observed in grade 2. In aspect of functional property, it showed an excellent result of 90% deodorization rate. In addition, its proven functionalities (deodorant properties) will help to produce high value added environment-friendly products. Those findings demonstrate the possibilities of the Rose of Sharon as an environment-friendly dye.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.979-986
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the dyeability, and the hand of soybean/cotton blended fabric after dyeing with natural and synthetic dyes. Soybean/cotton blended fabrics dyed with extracted solution from turmeric, sappan wood, gardenia and synthetic dyes(weak-acid dyes, reactive dyes, direct dyes). The hand value of soybean/cotton blended fabrics dyed with 6 different dyes was measured using Kawabata Evaluation System. The results are as follows; 1. The K/S value of the soybean/cotton blended fabric dyed with sappan wood extracts was the highest. 2. The color fastness of the soybean/cotton blended fabric dyed with reactive dyes was excellent. The fastness to the light of the same fabric was much better than the other fabrics. 3. Linearity of load-extension and tensile energy of the soybean/cotton blended fabric dyed with sappan wood extracts showed very high. Shear stiffness of the soybean/cotton blended fabric dyed with weak-acid dyes was much higher than that of fabric of dyed with reactive dyes. Bending property of the fabrics dyed with natural colorants(sappan wood, gardenia) showed very high, but that the fabric dyed with reactive dyes was very poor. 4. In the primary hand value, stiffness and anti-drape stiffness of the fabric dyed with weak-acid dyes showed the highest. Fullness and softness of the fabric dyed with weak-acid dyes showed very low.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.45-52
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• 2020

We examined the dyeability and antimicrobial activity of silks dyed singly with Sophora japonica L., Curcuma longa L., combination-dyed with Polygonum tinctorium L. and Sophora japonica L., and with Polygonum tinctorium L. and Curcuma longa L.. The color of silk dyed singly with Sophora japonica L., Curcuma longa L. was Yellow with Hue of 5.0Y and 0.6Y, respectively. Two types of combination-dyed silk were Blue Green with 2.6BG and 1.5BG, respectively. In the case of dry Cleaning fastness and rub fastness, all four types of dyed silk was good, achieving grade 4~5. The antimicrobial activity of Staphylococcus aureus of silk dyed with Sophora japonica L. extract showed excellent antibacterial activity of 99.5% and the other three types of dyed silk of 99.9%. In addition, in antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia, silk dyed with Sophora japonica L. extract showed 99.6%, and the other three types of dyed silk exhibited excellent antibacterial properties of 99.9%.