• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.180-189
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• 2016

The widespread occurrence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis places importance on the detection of TB (tuberculosis) drug susceptibility. Conventional drug susceptibility testing (DST) is a lengthy process. We developed a rapid enzymatic color-reaction-based biochip assay. The process included asymmetric multiplex PCR/templex PCR, biochip hybridization, and an enzymatic color reaction, with specific software for data operating. Templex PCR (tem-PCR) was applied to avoid interference between different primers in conventional multiplex-PCR. We applied this assay to 276 clinical specimens (including 27 sputum, 4 alveolar lavage fluid, 2 pleural effusion, and 243 culture isolate specimens; 40 of the 276 were non-tuberculosis mycobacteria specimens and 236 were M. tuberculosis specimens). The testing process took 4.5 h. A sensitivity of 50 copies per PCR was achieved, while the sensitivity was 500 copies per PCR when tem-PCR was used. Allele sequences could be detected in mixed samples at a proportion of 10%. Detection results showed a concordance rate of 97.46% (230/236) in rifampicin resistance detection (sensitivity 95.40%, specificity 98.66%) and 96.19% (227/236) in isoniazid (sensitivity 93.59%, specificity 97.47%) detection with those of DST assay. Concordance rates of testing results for sputum, alveolar lavage fluid, and pleural effusion specimens were 100%. The assay provides a potential choice for TB diagnosis and treatment.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.975-978
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• 2001

A novel poly[9,10-diphenylanthracene-4',4"-ylenevinylene-3,6-(N-2-ethyl hexyl)carbazole] containing alternate diphenylanthracene and carbazole unit was synthesized by the Wittig reaction. The obtained polymer was soluble in common organic solvents and thermally stable up to 380 $^{\circ}C.$ The polymer gives rise to bright blue fluorescence both in solution and in thin solid films. The light emitted from the device (ITO/polymer/Al) was greenish-blue in color and clearly visible in daylight.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

The experimental study of the white LED lighting focused on the readability in interior space according to age group is conducted realizing importance of the lighting environment and necessity of lighting study depending on the user situation. The results of study represent that a teenager does not show sensitive reaction to change of the color temperature and illuminance. The people in 20s and 30s prefer neutral white LED lighting and are very sensitive to change of the light environment. The people in 50s and 60s prefer high illumination and cool white LED lighting series. People of all ages highly appraise 6000K of 700 lux and 4000K in the illuminance range of 700 lux to 1000 lux for readability. The white LED lighting of color temperature 4000K is estimated as a suitable environment for readability in a wide range of illumination.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.247-249
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• 2016

In this study, we investigated the color change of the normal light gray granite as the high value color granite. By coating the metal catalyst liquid on the surface of granite stone, the metal particles were penetrated into the granite and the color of granite was changed permanently through the annealing treatment. To increase penetration depth into the granite, we used DC (direct current) bias. Two kinds of bias were used such as DC bias and pulse DC bias. And the penetration time was changed as 30 and 60 min. In all cases, the color granite were successfully obtained. Regardless of the catalyst reaction time, the penetration depth was increased by using the bias treatment. We obtained a penetration depth of 21 mm with the DC pulse bias during 60 min.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.706-716
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• 2016

Each year, significant amounts of Stereoscopic 3D(S3D) contents have been introduced. However, viewers who enjoy the contents readily experience a sense of fatigue on account of various factors. Consequently, many improvement studies have been conducted with the domain of disparity by, for example, simply controlling the disparity or optimizing the reaction speed of viewers' eyes to vergence. However, such studies are limited to the disparity domain and therefore are restricted to a limited number of applications. In this study, we attempted to transcend this limitation and analyzed how a reconstruction in color and brightness, as well as disparity and other important features, affects eyes in terms of vergence adaptation. As a result, we found that, the higher the color similarity is, the better it positively affects vergence adaptation during viewing. Based on this analysis, we propose in this paper a similar color extraction method between takes that are applicable to real-life situations. In an evaluation, the algorithm was applied to publicly available S3D contents and produced a converted color optimized image. The vergence adaptation time of this applied contents was significantly decreased. Also it was minimized through color reconstruction, thereby, being resulted in enhancing viewer concentration.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.24-24
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• 2001

Kinetics and mechanism for alkaline hydrolysis of C. I. Disperse Blue 79(B-79) which is 4-N, N-diacetoxyethyl-2-acylamino-5-ethoxy -2′-bromo-4′,6′-dinitroazobenzene were investigated. The color strength of B-79 in acetone/water solutions of various NaOH concentrations decreased continuously. The hydrolysis rate of B-79 increased with increasing alkali concentration and appeared following first order reaction. The observed rate constants for various concentrations of B-79 showed similar values, and B-79 was hydrolyzed by first order reaction for dye concentration. Therefore, it was confirmed that the overall reaction follow second order kinetics and proceed via S/sub n/2 reaction. From the study on kinetics and spectrometric analysis, it was proposed that the rate determining step of the hydrolysis reaction of B-79 is the nucleophilic substitution reaction - that is the reaction of the rapid attack of $OH^{-}$ on the carbon atom, which is in acceptor ring, adjacent to azo group to break the C-N bond. And it was also found that the final hydrolysis products of B-79 include both the acceptor ring in the form of sodium salt and the donor ring possessing 4-N,N-dihydroxyethyl group converted from 4-N,N-diacetoxyethyl group.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.312-319
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• 2001

Kinetics and mechanism for alkaline hydrolysis of C. I. Disperse Blue 79(B-79) which is 4-N, N- diacetoxyethyl -2- acylamino-5-ethos y -2'-bromo-4',6'-dinitroazobenzene were investigated. The color strength of B-79 in acetone/water solutions of various NaOH concentrations decreased continuously. The hydrolysis rate of B-79 increased with increasing alkali concentration and appeared following first order reaction. The observed rate constants for various concentrations of B-79 showed similar values, and B-79 was hydrolyzed by first order reaction for dye concentration. Therefore, it was confirmed that the overall reaction follow second order kinetics and proceed via $S_N2$ reaction. From the study on kinetics and spectrometric analysis, it was proposed that the rate determining step of the hydrolysis reaction of B-79 is the nucleophilic substitution reaction - that is the reaction of the rapid attack of OH- on the carbon atom, which is in acceptor ring, adjacent to auto group to break the C-N bond. And it was also found that the final hydrolysis products of B-79 include both the acceptor ring in the form of sodium salt and the donor ring possessing 4-N,N-dihydroxyethyl group converted from 4-N, N-diacetoxyethyl group.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.351-357
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• 2008

In order to develope an efficient way for the synthesis of highly pure 1,4-sorbitan solution from sorbitol, some experimental studies were performed. The reaction showed first order reaction with activation energy of 118.3 KJ/mol. Color of the product solutions changed to brown with reaction temperature and reaction time. The equilibrium contents of 1,4-sorbitan increased with decrease in reaction pressure, but the content of major impurity, sorbide, showed maximum about 550 torr vacuum with $H_3PO_4$ catalyst. The reasonable catalyst configuration was 0.26 wt% PTSA and 1 wt% $H_3PO_2$ and optimum reaction temperature and pressure range was $110\sim120^{\circ}C$ and $700\sim720$ torr vacuum, respectively. At optimum reaction conditions, we could obtain white product solutions of highly pure 1,4-sorbitan with sorbide less than 10 wt%. This white product solution is advantageous for preparation of high quality span, anti-fogging agent.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.829-834
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• 2015

A simple and sensitive hydrogel-based detecting gel has been presented for the qualitative determination of cyanogen chloride(CK) using Konig reaction. To optimize Konig reaction conditions, the effects of pyridine and barbituric acid concentration were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, CK gas concentration was directly related with absorbance change at 567 nm. Based on aqueous solution test results, we finally prepared CK detecting hydrogel by absorbing pyridine and barbituric acid solution. Color change of the prepared CK detecting hydrogel was clearly observed when the detecting gel was exposed to 10 ppm CK gas.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2015

The redox reaction $M^{(x+n)+}+\frac{n}{2}O^{-2}{\rightleftarrows}M^{x+}+\frac{n}{4}O_2$ of multivalent ions in glass melts influences the melting process and final properties of the glass including the fining (removal of bubbles), infrared absorption and homogenization of melts, reaction between metal electrodes and melts or refractory and melts, and transmission and color of glass. In this review paper, the redox behaviors that occur frequently in the glass production process are introduced and the square wave voltammetry (SWV) is described in detail as an in situ method of examining the redox behavior of multivalent ions in the melt state. Finally, some voltammetry results for LCD glass melts are reviewed from the practical viewpoint of SWV.