• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.446-452
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• 1989

The pigment of the Korean cockscomb flower, a betacyanin, was evaluated for its stability in terms of temperature, pH, and its behavior upon exposure to water, light, and air. The pigment was the most stable at pH 4.0, and its activation energy (Ea) for degradation was shown to be 17.55Kcal/mol. In general, sugars protected against color degradation at the concentration of 0.1M. Degradation of this pigment in the presence of food constituents, such as organic acids , metal ions, or antioxidants, at the concentrations normally present in food preparations, can be kept to a minimum by selective adjustment of conditions. This pigment, therefore, has potential value as a food colorant under selected conditions.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.264-269
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• 2000

This study is that of providing a fairly practical practival guide to the use of natural pigment in food industry. A strain isolated from marine resources was carried out the production of red pigment. The pigment showed UV absorption maxima at 520 and 550 nm. The color intensity in aqueous solution was fairly stable in the ranges of pH 5~8. The strain KS-97 produced a maximum yield of red pigment at$ 25^{\circ}C$ for 72 hrs with pH 7.0. The strain KS-97 was iden-tified a Bacillus sp. based on morphological and biochemical characterization such as a rod from, motility, spore for-mation, Gram positive and catalase production. The production of red pigment indicated that the strain Ks-97 utilized at thigh concentration of colloidal chitin as carbon sources obtained maximum yield of red pigment at $25^{\circ}C$ for 72 hrs. The highest production of red pigment was observed with cultivation in medium containing 20% colloi-dal chitin, 2.5g polypeptone, 2.5g yeast extract, 1.0g $KH_2$$PO_4$, 0.01g $MgSO_4$.$6H_2$O, 0.01g $ZnSO_4$, 0.01 g $MnSO_4$(per 1).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 1997

The characteristics and stability of pigments produced by Monascus anka in a jar fermenter were examined The pigments produced by the mold were fractionated into four pigments, i.e., extracellular red pigment(ERP) extracellular yellow Pigment(EYP), intracellular red pigment(IRP) and intracellular yellow pigment(IYP) by the solvent fractionation method. These pigments showed characteristic absorption spectrum indicating that they were composed of different components of pigments. Each of these four pigments separated from Monascus anka were stable under ultraviolet light, fluorescent light and in dark conditions, but their color was faded rapidly under sun light. They were also very stable against temperature below 8$0^{\circ}C$, above which temperature the stability of the Pigments was decreased rapidly. Among the eight organic acids tested, tartaric and citric acids were found to be detrimental against the Monascus anka Pigments. And Cu$^{2+}$ ion showed the most deleterious effect on the color change of the pigments.s.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.237-243
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• 2010

This research examines using Rice Husk Ash, $Cr_2O_3$ in producing the pink-red color. It studies the formation of cassiterite and malayaite crystallites, the primary factors in producing the pink-red color, in relation to the application of $Cr_2O_3$ to examine its coloring mechanism. In addition, the research intends to identify the optimum synthesizing temperature and maintaining time for crystallization of malayaite, a stable pink-red colorization factor in high temperature glaze during $Cr_2O_3$-$SnO_2$-CaO-$SiO_2$ family pigment synthesis. The optimum substituting contents is Rice Husk Ash : Quartz = 1 : 2, and the optimum temperature is suggested at $1300^{\circ}C$ for 2 h based on analysis results by XRD, FT-IR, Raman microscope, SEM and UV-vis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.437-438
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• 2009

This study is to investigae the properties of mortar with temperature reactive pigment. The results of the experiment, the compression strength of mortar increases by the rate of chemical admixture and temperature reactive pigment. And it is also excellent color expression with the use of chemical admixture.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.172-178
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• 2008

This paper described the study of a sphene-pink pigment based on $Cr_2O_3-SnO_2-CaO-SiO_2$ system exhibits stable pink-red color at high temperature. This study is focused on the optimization of the synthesis parameter such as temperature and holding time for the formation the Malayaite crystal. Malayaite crystal is sensitively influenced by the synthesizing temperature, maintaining time and contents of substituting chromium. The crystal phases formed at different temperatures exhibits various color. The optimum temperature is suggested at $1300^{\circ}C$ for 2 h and substituting contents of Cr for Sn is 0.01 mole. The maximum substituting contents is 0.02 mole based on analysis results by XRD, FT-IR, SEM and UV-vis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.450-455
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• 2007

LCD color filters have been manufactured in a process called photolithography to date, but various printing methods have been studied currently in response to the trend of low-end LCD panels. Direct Printing Process is a suitable fabrication technique to develope pigment components whose dimensions are in nano. The success of this process depends on the systematic preparation of pigment millbase. Conventional millbase dispersions are constituted of the organic pigments, monomer, dispersant and solvents. An experimental study on the rheology of millbase dispersions is presented. Subsequently, this thesis attempts to find out the dispersive characteristics as well as the selection of pigments, monomers and dispersants in the part of millbase among the stages of manufacturing LCD color filters using the direct printing methods. The dispersive characteristics were shown through analytic devices such as PSA, Rheometer, etc.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.234-236
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• 2002

A blue pigment-producing bacterium, Vogesella indigofera, was isolated and quantified for the relationship between its synthesis of a blue pigment and exposure concentrations of $Cr^{6+}$. The concentration of $Cr^{6+}$ and the percentage of blue colonies on agar plates was negatively correlated ($r^{2}$ =-0.8683). Critical concentrations inhibiting bacterial pigment production were found to be between 100-150 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $Cr^{6+}$/ml on agar plates and 200-300 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $Cr^{6+}$/ml in liquid culture. As the blue color is characteristic and easily observable, the bacterium Vogesella indigofera may have potential applications in the detection and monitoring of environmental pollution.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.16-21
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• 2014

Characteristics of coating color penetration into paper were elucidated using various types of pulps and pigments. A commercial paper, KP and TMP handsheets were used for base paper. Clay and GCC were used as coating pigment. Laboratory rod draw down coater was used for coating application. Coating color penetration was evaluated by measuring the roughness of surface and back side of a coating layer. The results of coating roughness showed that clay was much better than GCC as a coating pigment. In case of pulp type, KP base paper was more effective than TMP base paper to reduce coating penetration.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.81-99
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• 1996

The characteristics of printing inks are affected, to a greater or lesser extent, by the size and distribution of the pigment particles in the dispersion. Color strength, transparency and gloss increase with a decrease in particle size of pigments and with an increase in surface area of pigments. On the contrary, opacity and lightfastness tend to increases with an increase in particle size of pigments and with a decrease in surface are and particle size if pigments on the physical properties of printing ink which made up vehicles for sheet fed and organic pigment Lake Red C(C.I Pigment Red 53:1) that different surface area and particle size.