• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.835-846
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• 2010

The manufacture of beverages prepared using hot-water extracts of Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum, Houttuynia cordata, and Lycium chinensis was statistically optimized using response surface methodology. The total polyphenol content, electron donation activity, and reducing power of optimized beverages were measured to evaluate antioxidant properties. The coefficients of determination, the $R_2$ values, were 0.9887~0.9957 for color, taste and overall acceptability. Analysis of variance showed that the model fit was a statistically significant (p<0.05). The optimized compositions of processed beverages were: Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum extract, 2.15%; Houttuynia cordata extract, 1.74%; and Lycium chinensis extract, 0.19% (all w/w). Total polyphenol content, electron donation activity, and reducing power of beverages of optimized composition were 3.61 mg/L, 23.78%, and 0.26, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.891-901
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• 2014

This study is The inclination of the display element, and use a lot of beauty is being affected. As such, the display elements are important at the current time. The Influence of Display Components for Beauty shop Customer Lifestyle, the difference between customer satisfaction and beauty shop Customer Lifestyle and the Influence of Customer Satisfaction for Display Components. Effective and efficient hair salon to salon management ideas on display for customer satisfaction by providing the strategy was to provide useful information. The results of this study are as follows: First, Lighting and the overall atmosphere is one of the most influencing lifestyle factors' convenience-oriented(significance level p< 0.05). Second, Color is one of the most popular lifestyle factors that affect 'appearance-oriented'(significance level p< 0.05). Third, 'Jean Louis David' is a young progressive display of consumption inclination with beauty shop customers appeared to be suitable for(significance level p< 0.05).

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.36-42
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• 2018

Recently, silk sericin has attracted attention because of its unique properties as a biomaterial, including its UV resistance, moisturizing effect on skin, and wound-healing effect. Therefore, the preparation of sericin in various forms such as gel, film, fiber, and sponge is studied for cosmetic and biomedical applications, and the effect of the preparation conditions on the structure and properties of sericin forms is examined to maximize its performance. In this study, silk sericin films were prepared under different preparation conditions and heat-treated at high temperatures ($100-250^{\circ}C$) to examine the effect of heat treatment on the film structure. The order of the crystallinity index of the untreated sericin film is as follows: F25 (sericin film cast from formic acid) > WE25 (ethanol treated sericin film cast from water at $250^{\circ}C$) > W25 (sericin film cast from water at $250^{\circ}C$) > W100 (sericin film cast from water at $100^{\circ}C$). As the heat-treatment temperature was increased, the color of the sericin films changed gradually from colorless to yellow, brown, and black depending on the temperature. The crystallinity of the sericin film changed after the heat treatment, depending on the preparation condition. Whereas a sericin film cast from formic acid (F25) started to lose its crystallinity at $200^{\circ}C$, thus undergoing the highest loss of crystallinity among the sericin films studied, the rest (W25, WE25, and W100) showed a decrease in crystallinity at $250^{\circ}C$, owing to the disruption of the ${\beta}$-sheet crystallites due to heat.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2022

Nanosized rutile titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is used in inorganic pigments and cosmetics because of its high whiteness and duality. The high quality of the white pigments depends on their surface coating technique via the solgel process. SiO₂ coatings are required to improve the dispersibility, UV-blocking, and whiteness of TiO₂. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) is an important coating precursor owing to its ability to control various thicknesses and densities. In addition, we use Na₂SiO₃ (sodium silicate) as a precursor because of its low cost. Compared to TEOS, which controls the pH using a basic catalyst, Na₂SiO₃ controls the pH using an acid catalyst, giving a uniform coating. The coating thickness of TiO₂ is controlled using a surface modifier, cetrimonium bromide, which is used in various applications. The shape and thickness of the nanosized coating layer on TiO₂ are analyzed using transmission electron microscopy, and the SiO₂ nanoparticle behavior in terms of the before-and-after size distribution is measured using a particle size analyzer. The color measurements of the SiO₂ pigment are performed using UV-visible spectroscopy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.22
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• pp.159-176
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• 1994

This study's purpose is to find the ancient costume of the folk song's words on Dunhuang manuscripts in the background wass-carvings sculptures and several art works. Dunhuang had played the part of major route between ancient China and Europe. It is located on kam-suksong the west of China. 1. In the aspect of costume arrangement hair Styling is represented by Naegagyo, Wangyesa, Kyongburak, Bonkwyun, Pogurak, Chonsonja, Namgaja, Tongson-ga, Ojesa, Chanboja in Dunhuang manuscripts. tugue is sim-ilar to Sabyokkwanja in Naegagyo as of that time these kinds of Kwan-ja was very popular. It was told that emperor's wife concubine and maid of honor would wear kwnaja favorably. And the kinds of Tugeu is PuyongKwyunkye, Aangunkye, Chunkye from Kyuwanjon except Sangunkye, Ounkye in Dunhuangsa. 2. Jangdaegy is guoted from Kyuw-anjon -A series of the chinese history book-tells us about women's make-up . The narmes of make-up are Hongjang Unjan--g, Yiljang chwejang, Tam-ajang Murgjang, Sanagjang, Light-make up are referred in Naegagyo is included as packjang Besides we can find other make-up skills Huphwaro and Rujang from the Kaewonch onbon-wisa which was Yangkwibi's episodes. We can find the a corpus of song's words about cosmetic custom in Kor-ea. Which is 'Haecho' folk song in the souther-en costal regions 'Jinggum' folk song in Kim-hae regions and so on.... It's words is similar to Dunhuangsa in China. 3. Bichun inherited to China with India Bud-dism art in the middle of Dunhuang wall-pain-tings is one of the important Buddist saint. Sometimes it is painted with Giakchun Its arms of fly-dnacing in heaven with colored belt on body has almost the form of play on the musical instrument, We can see seasily the form in the painting of Buddist ser-mon. It was progressed and changed with the background of chinese traditional culture. When Dang's period came the color was chan-ged lighting dark blue has rhythmical and viv-id power of life. 4. Among the corpus of song's words which express the singers' system and rites of their tradition or habits. Dunhuang manuscripts des-cribes on behalf of the folk song's words in tra-ditional costume. This is following: (1) Naegagyo o sabyokwanja o Chyrasam o Rashang (2) Wangyesa o Sokryugun o Costume for fisher man (3) Bungajang of the chanboja o Ajang (4) Pongkwyun o Chongui (5) Tongsongs o Junofore (6) Namgaja o thin-Rasam (7) Yuchungnang o Hongsam o Sokryugun : The color of red costume (8) Kyongburak o Hongrasam o Sokryugun : Costume for charming woman Therefore traditional costume could be extracted according to the Dunhuang folk song's words out of culture such as learning rit-es three-obedience four-virtues and in-struction. As the same time it reflects ancient China's characteristics directly. I would endeavor to development for the history of the costume furher creative design and participat-ed in research activity with concerns forward continuously.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1262-1267
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• 2008

Reductive discolorization studies were conducted. Azo-dyes usually have biological toxicity and it is known that the dyes are hardly removed by biological treatments. One of the simplest way to remove the color is to break the azo-bond and it is possible to break the bond with zero-valent metals. Three types of azo-dyes (Cibacron Briliant Yellow 3G-P (CBY3G-P), Benzopurpurin 4b (B-4B), Chicago sky blue 6b (CSB6B)) were tested. All tested azo-dyes were highly pH dependent and lower pH was preferred. The reaction mechanism was reductive cleavage and amines were expected as products. The dissolved iron ions from zero-valent iron can also remove the color through coagulation and precipitation and a set of experiments were conducted to evaluate the contribution by the dissolved iron. The results indicated that the contribution were also dependent on the type of dyes. This study showed that the reductive cleavage using zero-valent iron could be an alternative for the azo-dye waste water.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.231-238
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• 2007

In the previous study, the anti-oxidant activity of extract/fraction of Sueada asparagoides (SA) was investigated and the results showed that the ethylacetate (EtOAc) fraction and its aglycone fraction had the best performance on the free radical scavenging activity, reactive oxygen species scavenging (ROS) activity and cell protective activity (J. Soc. Cosme. Scientists Korea, 33(3), 145 (2007)). In this study, the stability of cream containing 0.3% SA EtOAc extract (called extract below) was evaluated. pH, viscosity and absorbance (363 nm) were measured under the 4 different temperatures ($0^{\circ}C,\;25{\circ}C,\;37{\circ}C\;and\;45{\circ}C$) and under the sun light at the 4 week intervals during the 12 weeks in total. The control cream without containing the extract did not show pH change under the different temperatures mentioned above. However, the pH of the cream the extract was decreased 0.08 at the temperature ranges of $0^{\circ}C\;to\;37^{\circ}C$. Under the $45^{\circ}C$ and sun light condition, the pH was decreased 0.51 and 0.66, respectively. The cream containing the extract did not show absorbance change at the temperature ranges of 0 to $37^{\circ}C$ for 12 weeks. Instead, the absorbance of the cream treated under $45^{\circ}C$ and sun light condition was decreased 7.6 % and 7.4 %, respectively. This decrease in absorbance is relatively small compared to the 48.3 % decrease of the extract sampled from the cream using ethanol solution. This indicates that the extract is stabilized in the cream. After treating the cream for 12 weeks under the different temperatures, the viscosity was measured for the cream containing the extract and control cream. The values were increased by 1,748 cPs in average compared to the initial value for the former and by 951 cPs in average for the latter. On the other hand, the viscosity of control cream treated under the sun light for 12 weeks was significantly decreased (4,022 cPs) relative to the cream containing the extract, which showed 2,484 cPs increase in viscosity. This indicates that the SA extract contributes to the stability of the emulsion product by protective effect to maintain the viscosity of the cream against sun light. In addition, any change in color or smell was not observed through 12 weeks of the experimental time period. Thus, it is concluded that it is still not clear in the stability of the cream containing the extract when it is stored for the long time. Accordingly, it is suggested that further study is needed to provide more information to the manufactures, who are seeking for the application of the extract to improve the anti-oxidant activity and stability of cosmetic products.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.3 s.83
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• pp.312-317
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• 2007

This study was conducted to research the morphological characteristics and analyze the genetic diversity by using RAPD in Calanthe species native to Korea. Nine samples were selected by flower color and 19 morphological characteristics. In the length and width of leaf, dorsal sepal, the lateral sepal, the petal, the central lip, and the lateral lip, C. discolor was the shortest and narrowest, respectively, but C. sieboldii was the longest and the widest, respectively. The flower stalk length was the shortest in C. discolor, and the longest in C. sieboldii. Three variants were the intermediate between C. discolor and C. sieboldii in the above morphological characteristics, but spur length was the longest in C. discolor, the shortest in C. sieboldii, and intermediate in the variants. The ovary length in C. discolor was shortest and C. sieboldii and variants were similar with each other. The flower color of C. discolor were brownish red, the value of CIE Lab was between 40 and 50. The flower color of C. sieboldii was yellowish, the value of CIE Lab was between 110 and 130. And variants had various colors between 50 to 70 in the value of CIE Lab. By analyzing multiple band patterns of PCR products, 154 bands were selected as polymorphic RAPD markers. The analysis of genetic similarity of Calanther species using RAPD showed that C. discolor and C. sieboldii are more distant from each other than variants, and these results demonstrated that genetic position of variants located between C. discolor and C. sieboldii.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.203-214
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• 2014

We measured the contact dermatitis-causing substances concentrations in 28 commercial oxidative hair-coloring products. This study was aimed to provide the fundamental data about oxidative hair-coloring products. We selected 10 oxidation dyes (p-phenylenediamine, toluene-2,5-diamine, m-phenylenediamine, nitro-p-phenylenediamine, p-aminophenol, m-aminophenol, o-aminophenol, p-methylaminophenol, N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-p-phenylenediamine sulfate, 2-methyl-5-hydroxyethylaminophenol) and 4 heavy metal (nikel; Ni, chromium; Cr, cobalt; Co, copper; Cu) as contact dermatitis-causing substances. To identify 10 oxidation dyes, hexane-2% sodium sulfite was used for the rapid and simple extraction and ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis was used for simultaneous analysis in 12 minutes. 10 oxidative dyes were detected as indicated on the product packaging and each concentration was lower than prescribed upper concentration limit by pharmaceutical manufacturing standards. And we analysed inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES) for content search of heavy metal after microwave digestion. The heavy metal average concentration in oxidative hair-coloring products was 0.572 ${\mu}g/g$ for Ni, 3.161 ${\mu}g/g$ for Cr, 2.029 ${\mu}g/g$ for Co, 0.420 ${\mu}g/g$ for Cu, respectively. The average of concentration in powder type (henna) was higher than those of other foam and cream type oxidative hair-coloring products as follows; 1.800 ${\mu}g/g$ for Ni, 10.127 ${\mu}g/g$ for Cr, 7.082 ${\mu}g/g$ for Co, 1.451 ${\mu}g/g$ for Cu. Hair coloring products were classified into the six colors - black, dark brown, brown, dark brown, light brown, red brown and analyzed. Brown color had the highest average concentration of Co and the others had the highest average concentration of Cr.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2004

The human skin is constantly exposed to environmental irritants such as ultraviolet, smoke, chemicals. Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by these environmental facts play critical roles in cellular damage. These irritants are in themselves damaging to the skin structure but they also participate the immensely complex inflammatory reaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the skin cell protective effect of Juniperus chinensis xylem extract on the UV and SLS-induced skin cell damages. We tested free radical and superoxide scavenging effect in vitro. We found that Juniperus chinensis xylem extracts had potent radical scavenging effect by 98％ at 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. Fluorometric assays of the proteolytic activities of matrix metalloproteinase-l(MMP-1, collagenase) were performed using fluorescent collagen substrates. UV A induced MMP-1 synthesis and activity were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and gelatin-based zymography in skin fibroblasts. The extract of Juniperus chinensis showed strong inhibitory effect on MMP-1 activities by 97％ at 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL and suppressed the UVA induced expression of MMP-1 by 79％ at 25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. This extract also showed strong inhibition on MMP-2 activity in UVA irradiated fibroblast by zymography. We also examined anti-inflammatory effects by the determination test of proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin 6 in HaCaT keratinocytes. In this test Juniperus chinensis decreased expression of interleukin 6 about 30％. Expression of prostaglandin E$_2$, (PGE$_2$) after UVB irradiation was measured by competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using PGE$_2$ monoclonal antibody. At the concentrations of 5-50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL of the extracts, the production of PGE$_2$ by HaCaT keratinocytes (24 hours after 10 mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ UVB irradiation) was significantly inhibited in culture supernatants (p〈0.05). The viability of cultured HaCaT keratinocytes was significantly reduced at the doses of above 10 mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ of UVB irradiation, but the presence of these extracts improved cell viability comparing to control after UVB irradiation. We also investigated the protective effect of this extract in sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)-induced irritant skin reactions from 24 hour exposure. Twice a day application of the extract for reducing local inflammation in human skin was done. Irritant reactions were assessed by various aspects of skin condition, that is, erythema (skin color reflectance) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). After 5 days the extract was found to reduce SLS-induced skin erythema and improve barrier regeneration when compared to untreated symmetrical test site. In conclusion, our results suggest that Juniperus chinensis can be effectively used for the prevention of UV and SLS-induced adverse skin reactions such as radical production, inflammation and skin cell damage.