• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-51
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• 1992

Quantizing and extracting visual features of mushroom(Lentinus edodes L.) are crucial to the sorting and grading automation, the growth state measurement, and the dried performance indexing. A computer image processing system was utilized for the extraction and measurement of visual features of front and back sides of the mushroom. The image processing system is composed of the IBM PC compatible 386DK, ITEX PCVISION Plus frame grabber, B/W CCD camera, VGA color graphic monitor, and image output RGB monitor. In this paper, an automatic thresholding algorithm was developed to yield the segmented binary image representing skin states of the front and back sides. An eight directional Freeman's chain coding was modified to solve the edge disconnectivity by gradually expanding the mask size of 3$\times$3 to 9$\times$9. A real scaled geometric quantity of the object was directly extracted from the 8-directional chain element. The external shape of the mushroom was analyzed and converted to the quantitative feature patterns. Efficient algorithms for the extraction of the selected feature patterns and the recognition of the front and back side were developed. The developed algorithms were coded in a menu driven way using MS_C language Ver.6.0, PC VISION PLUS library fuctions, and VGA graphic functions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.712-716
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• 2008

Traditional Chinese painting, which had formed a language of Chinese peculiar painting art, had begun from modern poster designs and tied up with the range of the various visual art, It is not only to convey information but also show the traditional Chinese culture thinking to audiences through pen, ink and depth of color, Traditional Chinese painting divided the method of painting into ink graphics performance, ink performance technique, Performance of ink brushwork, then according to the performance of classification and analysis of their characteristics.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.255-272
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• 2021

Etymologies are explanations of what our words meant and how they sounded 600 to 2,000 years ago. When Linnaeus in the mid-1700s began naming animals with a binomial nomenclature, he based names on the Latin Grammatical Form. Since many names have Latin or Greek roots, the name for an animal is the same throughout the world because Latin is no longer a spoken language and meanings of names will not evolve or change. In his use of Latin or a Latinized word for the genus and species, Linnaeus used descriptive words that will always be the same. Notwithstanding the importance of etymologies for scientific names, no study has addressed the etymology of scientific names for Korean mammals. Here, we list etymologies for scientific names of 127 mammal species, 84 genera, 32 families, and 8 orders from Korea. The origins of etymologies are mostly based on morphology, color of pelage, behavior, distribution, locality, country name, or a person's name. This paper will be useful for new students and trained scholars studying Korean mammals.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.272-281
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• 2022

With the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, health policymakers are adopting new policies regarding the issue of immunization disparities, especially for children in low-income communities of color who lack awareness and thereby access to vaccines. The purpose of this paper is to propose an evaluation framework using program theory-based evaluation approach and logic model to analyze and evaluate the immunization disparities in children aged 19-35 months. Data is collected from New York City department of Health and the U.S. Census Bureau for Northern Manhattan Start Right Coalition program which consists of 19,800 children, and the community-provider partnership includes 26 practices and 20 groups. Program theory is used to evaluate this community-based initiative with the logic model which is a visual depiction that illustrations the program theory to all stakeholders. The logic model highlights the resources, activities, outputs, outcomes, and impacts of the program to guide to planners and evaluators and to call attention to the inadequacies or flaws in the operational, implementation and service delivery process of the program in offering a new perspective on the program. This framework adds to the literature on evaluations of immunization disparities in determining whether evaluators can definitively attribute positive immunization outcomes in the community to the program and conclude whether it has potential in expanding or duplicating it to other similar settings, especially in other rural areas of the United States, and abroad, where routine immunization equity gaps are wide due to income, racial and ethnic diversity, and language barrier.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.119-124
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• 2010

In this paper planed mobile shopping system using MVLS. MVLS is based on braille system, and list this to a square color box. This is can accomplish convenience of use and encipherment of fundamental personal information. Also, this system has advantage to fast communication speed because that has little size packets. Planed system does and fit this in shopping to graft together mobile-phone, smart-phone and tablet-pc that the such MVLS and most of internal adult are possessing. User can more fast finish shopping just photographing and press the button that show on TV or PC monitor and printed materials etc. by camera of mobile phone.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.468-477
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• 2023

Background This article describes the development of the Myanmar Articulation, Resonation, Nasal Emission, and Nasal Turbulence test for children with cleft lip and palate (CLP), and evaluation of its validity and reliability. Methods It was created by three Thai researchers and a Burmese research assistant based on Burmese phonology. The content validity was evaluated by six Burmese language experts. All test items were divided into three groups: high-pressure oral consonants, low-pressure oral consonants, and nasal consonants. Results All items (58-word and 32-phrase/sentence) gave an excellent level of the expert agreement (item-level content validity indexes = 1.00). The target items were illustrated as color pictures. Each picture was clearly drawn and easy to identify. As a pilot study of face validity, all pictures were administered to 10 typical-developing children. The actual testing was assessed by 10 CLP children, and the developed test was analyzed through consultation of the Burmese teachers and interpreters from a speech camp. Testing scores for a total including three groups of target items were shown acceptable for internal consistency reliability (ranged from 0.4 to 0.88). Conclusion The constructed test is valid in terms of its content.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.1 s.69
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• pp.167-176
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• 2007

As much time is being spent with the family at weekends by the development of leisure culture, many people have begun to enjoy camping in the field. While many people use pensions or camping cars, many families or groups of friends go on camping in the summer holiday season. Although the tent design in this country has gradually been developed, it is not as developed as overseas designs with unique design characteristics according to climate, cultural behavior and colors. In this research, the American and Korea tent designs are compared in terms of color and frame. The differences are analyzed and a direction for tent designs appropriate for Korea in terms of size, area, ease of carriage and installation is proposed through theoretical data and idea sketches. The frame weight has been minimized and the durability increased for the ease of carriage and installation. The style and number of windows have been increased in order to provide a comfortable space by understanding the influx of airflow and the size of the tent has also been increased to provide extra space for storage. The information on the overseas and domestic tent design trends led to a color comparison and the extraction of images of language. The tent based on the new design is currently being mass-produced in China following 3 months of preparation including sample making and testing.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.544-553
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• 2008

With the development of video editing technology, there are growing uses of overlay text inserted into video contents to provide viewers with better visual understanding. Since the content of the scene or the editor's intention can be well represented by using inserted text, it is useful for video information retrieval and indexing. Most of the previous approaches are based on low-level features, such as edge, color, and texture information. However, existing methods experience difficulties in handling texts with various contrasts or inserted in a complex background. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to localize the overlay text in a video scene. Based on our observation that there exist transient colors between inserted text and its adjacent background a transition map is generated. Then candidate regions are extracted by using the transition map and overlay text is finally determined based on the density of state in each candidate. The proposed method is robust to color, size, position, style, and contrast of overlay text. It is also language free. Text region update between frames is also exploited to reduce the processing time. Experiments are performed on diverse videos to confirm the efficiency of the proposed method.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.1
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• pp.109-144
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• 2003

Orientalness is a concept that expresses the collective identity of the Orient in relation to the West. The concept itself is mutable and defined by the relationship between the two regions at different points in time. Changes in the concept depend on a number of factors, such as cultural influence, the political balance of power between the two regions, and on the interpretative scheme that defines the relationship. In addition, the geographical notion of the concept evolves culturally, socially and politically. During this process, Oriental-ness becomes Oriental-ism at times. I will attempt to survey and measure the progression of Orientalness from its emergence in early 17th century to its subsequent transformation in modern Korea as reflected in art theory and art works. The recognition of the comparative characteristics of Oriental art began when the Orient was exposed to the art of the West in the late Ming dynasty during the early 17th century. The changes in the artistic climate in China affected the late Chosun. I will start with a brief introduction of this time and the birth of Orientalness. The concept gradually changed during the period of Enlightenment(開化期) towards the end of the 19th century, and during the colonial period( 1910-1945) it took on a new form. Establishment of the concept of "Orient"as a single, unifying concept spanning across cultures and national boundaries has been attributed to late Meiji period Japan, whose intention at that time is believed to have been to build a pan-Asia(亞細亞) empire with Japan at its commanding center. It has been stressed that the real motive behind the formation of one single cultural unit, where the shared common written language was Chinese and Confucianism and Taoism were the common metaphysical traditions, was to build one political unit. When the notion of a geographical unit of Asia was replaced by the concept of Asia as a cultural and political unit, a massive growth of interest and discourse were provoked around the concept of Orientalism. When Orientalism was being formulated, Korea automatically became member of "one Asia" when the country became colonized. For Koreans, the identity of the Orient had to be defined in cultural terms, as the political notion of a nation was non-existent at that time. The definition of identity was pursued at two levels, pan-Asian and local. If Orientalism was an elite discourse centered in pan-Asian philosophical and religious tradition, localized Orientalism was a popular discourse emphasizing locality as the byproduct of natural geographic condition. After the liberation in 1945 from colonial rule, a thrust of movement arose towards political nationalism. Two types of discourses on Orientalism, elite and popular, continued as central themes in art. Despite the effort to redefine the national identity by eradicating the cultural language of the colonial past, the past was enduring well into the present time. As discussed above, even when the painting themes were selected from Korean history, the tradition of using history painting as a manifestation of political policy to glorify the local identity had its founding during the Meiji period. The elevation of folk art to the level of high art also goes back to the colonial promotion of local color and local sentiment. Again, the succession of the past (colonial) ideal was defended as the tradition assumed a distinct modern shape that was abstract in style. The concept of the "Orient" is of relative and changing nature. It was formulated in relation to Western culture or civilization. Whatever the real motive of the adoption of them had been, the superiority of the Orient was emphasized at all times. The essence of the Orient was always perceived as the metaphysical tradition as a way to downgrade Western culture as materialistic. This view still prevails and the principle of Orient was always sought in Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. Even when Orientalism was employed by imperialist Japan in an effort to establish her position as the center of the Orient, the spiritual source was still in Chinese philosophy and religion. In art also, the Chinese literati tradition became the major platform for elite discourse. Orientalism was also defined locally, and the so-called local color was pursued in terms of theme and style. Thus trend continued despite the effort to eradicate the remnants of colonial culture long after liberation. These efforts are now being supported politically and also institutionalized to become the aesthetic ideal of the modern Korean art.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1994.11a
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• pp.57-63
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• 1994

인간의 정보처리 과정의 특성을 알아보기 위하여 반구별로 색채와 단어의 처리과정을 분석하였다. 단어와 색깔이라는 두가지 자극 속성이 있는 한 개의 자극에 대하여 각 자극 속성에 대한 판단과정을 반응키를 이용하여 반구별로 알아보았다. 단어에 대한 판단과 색깔에 대한 판단을 반구별로 분석한 결과, 색깔처리나 단어처리에 있어서 반구간 비대칭성은 나타나지 않았으나 색깔에 대한 판단이 단어에 대한 판단보다 신속하게 이루어지는 것으로 나타나 색채가 단어보다 기초적인 자극 속성임을 확인하였다. 단어와 색깔이라는 두가지 자극 속성을 이용한 경우에 한가지 자극속성을 처리할 때 다른 자극속성이 자동적으로 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으나 그 정도에 있어서 반구간의 차이는 없었다. 그러나 색채가 단어처리를 간섭하는 정도가 단어가 색채처리를 간섭하는 정도보다 큰 것으로 나타나 기존의 스트룹 연구결과들과는 상반되는 결과를 얻었는데 이는 과제의 특성이라는 측면으로 기술되었다. 단어 처리에서 반구간 차이가 발견되지 않은 것은 한글의 시각적 특성과 관련지어 논의되었다. 자극의 한 속성이 자동적으로 다른 속성에 영향을 주지만 그 효과의 크기도 반구별로 차이가 없다는 것은 이전의 반구별 스트룹 효과를 알아본 연구들과 상반되는 결과이다. 따라서 자극속성이 상호영향을 줄 수 있는 좀더 일반적인 상황에서는 한 자극 속성이 다른 자극 속성의 처리에 자동적으로 영향을 주는 효과에서 반구 비대칭성이 발견되지 않으며 스트룹 효과는 두 자극 속성의 관계가 밀접한 특별한 경우에 나타나는 반구비대칭성 효과인 것으로 논의되었다.양 발생과 유의적으로 상관관계가 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 phenol의 종류에 상관없이 식이 phenol에 조직의 항산화(산화억제)를 통해 암 예방(cancer prevention)에 영향을 미친다는 것을 제시해준다.물을 첨가하여 물내리기를 한 후 김이 오른 후 물내린 쌀가루에 15% 이상의 설탕을 첨가하여 20분간 쪄서 만든 백설기가 가장 바람직하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이 실험 중 가장 중요한 조건은 첨가하는 물의 양이 10%이며 첨가하는 당이 설탕일 경우는 김이 오른 후 설탕을 섞어 바로 쪄야 하며 설탕의 양이 15% 이상이라는 것이다. 이 조건은 대체적으로 hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess가 큰 수치를 나타낸다.순구조의 Tonpilz형 초음파 변환기와 비교하여 비록 송파전압감도에 있어서는 약 5 dB 정도의 음향출력의 손실이 불가피하지만, 그 대신 주파수 대역폭을 약 5 재 정도 확대시킬 수 있는 장점이 있기 때문에 이 넓은 주파수 대역을 효과적으로 활용하면 어종식별을 위한 음향산란신호를 정량적으로 수집 및 평가하는 것이 가능하다고 판단된다.n A was 11 ug.이, 0.9 ug/g and 3.7 ug/g in the blood, liver and kidney, respectively.sional-managerial who secure the higher autonomy and stability in their work have the highest life chance in the labor and health, and leisure life