• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.125-138
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate emotional images, preference, and purchasing intention on the color combination for knitwear cultural goods development. The subjects were 719 university students in Daejeon and Chungnam province, and the measuring instruments were 12 stimuli manipulated by the combination of chromatic and achromatic colors, and self-administrated questionnaires consisted of general color preference, emotional images, preference, and purchasing intention items of the knitwear cultural goods, and subjects' demographics attributions. The data were analyzed by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, t test, ${\chi}^2$ test, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test, using SPSS program. The results were as follows. University students highly preferred black and gray color and deep tone on knitwear items, while they generally preferred blue and black color, and deep and pastel tone. The chromatic color combination was perceived as warm and conspicuous, but unattractive image. The achromatic color combination was perceived as cold and ordinary, but attractive image. Among the combination of chromatic and achromatic colors, gray & blue combination was perceived as more attractive image than red & dark gray combination. Color combination types of chromatic and achromatic color was showed some important differences on emotional image, preference and purchasing intention of knitwear cultural goods. Achromatic color combination was perceived as attractive image, and showed higher preference and purchasing intention than other color combination types.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.190-197
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• 2004

A kindergarten requires an approach to meet the nature and sense of children who is main users. This study selected 33 private kindergartens which were located within a housing site development zone in Gwangju since the 1990's, had single use, and was constructed in the last five years. Also the image assessment according to types of color scheme was made. Then the factors which affected preference by type were analyzed and the basic of color scheme in a kindergarten classroom was provided. The following results were obtained. First, types of color scheme in a classroom included identity 12.1%, similarity 51.5%, and novelty 36.4% in harmony, but no contrast and achromatic color, Secondly, the assessment of preference according to each type was mostly positive. The highest preference was found in similarity harmony of warm color(e.g. YR, Y) and bright, clear, nice, and strong images were high in assessment. The lowest preference was found in identity harmony of cold color(e.g. GY). This color system had no clear image assessment, except manly or strong. In particular, warm color showed higher preference than cold color in similarity, novelty, and identity harmony. Thirdly, the factors affecting the preference of color scheme in a classroom most were ‘stable - unstable’, ‘clean - dirty’, ‘bright - dark’, ‘nice - not nice’, and ‘vital - dull’.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.625-630
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• 2016

Recently, various types of image contents are being produced, and interest in copyright protection technology is increasing. In this paper, we propose an image encryption technology for color images. This technique divides the image into RGB color components and then performs quad-tree decomposition based on the edge of image. After the quad-tree partitioning, encryption is performed on the selected blocks. Encryption is performed on color components to measure encryption efficiency, and encryption efficiency is measured even after reconstitution into a color image. The encryption efficiency uses a visual measurement method and an objective image quality evaluation method. The PSNR values were measured as 7~10 dB for color difference components and 16~19 dB for color images. The proposed image encryption technology will be used to protect copyright of various digital image contents in the future.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.1294-1302
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• 2015

A lot of image quality assessment metrics that can precisely reflect the human visual system (HVS) have previously been researched. The Structural SIMilarity (SSIM) index is a remarkable HVS-aware metric that utilizes structural information, since the HVS is sensitive to the overall structure of an image. However, SSIM fails to deal with color difference in terms of the HVS. In order to solve this problem, the Structural and Hue SIMilarity (SHSIM) index has been selected with the Hue, Saturation, Intensity (HSI) model as a color space, but it cannot reflect the HVS-aware color difference between two color images. In this paper, we propose a new image quality assessment method for a color image by using a CIE Lab color space. In addition, by using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier, we also propose an optimization system for applying optimal metric according to the types of distortion. To evaluate the proposed index, a LIVE database, which is the most well-known in the area of image quality assessment, is employed and four criteria are used. Experimental results show that the proposed index is more consistent with the other methods.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.6 no.2 s.19
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• pp.53-57
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• 2007

In this paper, a new content-based color image retrieval method is proposed, in which both the color content and the spatial relationship of image have been taken into account. In order to represent the spatial distribution information of image, a disorder matrix, which has the invariance to the rotation and translation of the image content, has been designed. This is based on multi-resolution color-spatial information. We present our algorithm in the following section, and then verified the search results with comparison to other methods, such as color histogram, wavelet histogram, correlogram and wavelet correlogram. Experimental results with various types of images show that the proposed method not only achieves a high image retrieval performance but also improve the retrieval precision.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.409-417
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• 2011

This study aims to investigate makeup images shown in the beauty trends and analyzes the characteristics of makeup colors depending on the types of facial makeup. This survey's collected data includes a total of 365 makeup colors which have been shown in the beauty trends for the last three years. The pictures and vocabularies shown in such data were analyzed and thus we could have classificatorily six kinds of makeup images. In addition, makeup colors were divided into two subcategories: eye makeup and lip makeup, both of which have the most significant impact on the makeup images. As the results, the types of makeup images shown at beauty trends were classified such as natural image, gorgeous image, elegant image, sophisticate image, and romantic image. If analyzing yearly changes, active, romantic, and elegant images were common in 2008, and natural image displayed a certain strong tendency amid pro-environmental trends in 2009, and gorgeous images were appeared apparently in 2010, while natural image showed a bullish tendency yet. Regarding to color characteristics by makeup images shown at beauty trends, YR color in eye makeup and R in lip makeup looked bullish generally, and a lot of changes were shown in color tones. This fact gives help in grasping fashion colors and color tones of yearly makeups. Based on these results, this study examines makeup colors for expressing makeup images closely, and then suggests that it could be utilized in makeup color planning.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.123-131
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• 2006

This study examined types and color conditions of street views through relationship of high-storied apartment house to street components which has great visual influence on urban street view and requires harmony with street environment as background factor and conducted positive experiment with high-storied apartment houses located at housing site development districts in Gwangju Metropolitan City since 1990s in order to set applicable color ranges in designing external colors of high-storied apartment houses which became background of street view by types. Consequently, in image changes of four factors of main colors in classified street types, P, RP, R and YR colors showed high average values in naturalness, harmony and unity and GY, G, BG and B colors showed dichotomy with low average value, but image of personality showed generally low average value. RP, R and YR colors showed higher adaptability and GY, G and BG colors showed lower adaptability. It was confirmed that according to adaptability of main colors used in high-storied apartment houses by street types, there was difference of appropriate color range in street components and external colors of high-storied apartment houses by street types.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.933-943
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• 1997

In this paper, a conernt-based image retrival system with color assigments has been stueide and implment-ed. The color of images has been extracted after changing RGB color space to HSV(hue, saturation, value)that is the most compatible color for peop]e's feeling. In the color extracting, an image is divided into 9 different areasand 3 major colors for each area are selected by using color histograms. It is possible to chose the class of umages by keywords. We are evaluate four different types of queries such as an image input, keywords with color assignments, combining an image input and keywords with color assinments, and selecting specific part of an umage. Experimental rusults show that four different query types privide precision/recall 0.55/0.37, 0.57/0.43, 0.59/0.45 and 0.63/0.61, respectively. With color assignments, the retrieval system has been able to obtain high performance and validity.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.9
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• pp.2315-2332
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• 1997

In this paper, we implement a content based image retrieval system for image searching by visual features from the image databases on WWW (world wide web). The image retrieval system finds the images that contain the most similar color regions after the system automatically extracts color features from the input image. We can select one of two query methods which use a full image of $4{\times}4$ 16 sketched color region. The image similarity is calculated on the histogram intersection distance and the histogram Euclidean distance. As the experimental results show that the two different query types provide the precision/recall 0.84/0.92 and 0.85/0.93 respectively, this retrieval system has been able to obtain high performance and validity.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.561-574
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• 2009

Black has been the most important color of all since the ancient times when the recognition of black roused, as well as during most of the eras; and can especially be said as the main color which controlled the chronicles of fashion. The purpose of the study was to broaden the application of black color image make-up by inquiring into make-up design elemental characteristics of lines and textures, after classifying magazine illustrations and advertisement make-up images using black. The photos which made effective use of black among fashion illustrations, magazine advertisements after 2001 were classified in to each type, and make-up expression method and characteristics according to design element of each image type was analyzed. The conclusion of such study was the following. 'Erotic image' showed contrast effect between eye make-up and lip color by using pale tone or red color. 'Mannish image' emphasized form and texture of eyebrow by restraining the colors of eyelids with natural brown tone eye make-up; 'Modern image' expressed vague eyebrow to bring the sensation of the direction of eye shadow on eyelids and eye line as well as slant line to relief. 'Kitsch image' showed free and light imagery by creating unique hair style with various colors; expressing lips mostly with colors similar to skin tone or by restraining colors on lips. 'Decadence image' showed messy and foul sensation with unstandardized eye make-up and matt skin of shimmer, glossy and pale tone, also with black colored lips; 'Retro image' expressed reinterpretation of images from 1920${\sim}$1960 to contemporary styles.