• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.5-14
• /
• 2003

Objective: Present study was aimed to verify the effect of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the preimplantation development of mouse embryos and the involvement of the mitogen activated protein kiase (MAPK) in the GM-CSF signaling. Methods: Two-cell embryos were cultured for 96 h in the presence or absence of GM-CSF (0, 0.4, 2, 10 ng/ml) and PD98059, a MEK inhibitor (10 ${\mu}M$). Morphological development, cell number per blastocyst, and apoptotic nuclei, were eamined. MAPK activity of embryonic immunoprecipitate by MAPK (ERK1/2) antibody was measured by in vitro phosphorylation of myelin basic protein. Results: At post hCG 122 h the embryonic development among the experimental groups was significantly different (p=0.018). The rate of blastocyst development and cell number per embryo were the highest in 2 ng/ml GM-CSF treatment group. The percent of apoptotic cells of the GM-CSF-treated embryos was the lowest among the group. In blastocysts, GM-CSF treatment transiently increased MAPK activity. PD098059 attenuated the effect of GM-CSF on the morphological development, increase in cell number per blastocyst, down regulation of apoptosis, and upregulation of MAPK activity, suggesting that activation of MAPK cascade possibly mediated the embryotropic effect of GM-CSF. Conclusion: This result suggested that GM-CSF potentiated the development of preimplantation mouse embryos by activation of MAPK.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2014

Bumblebees are important pollinators of crops and wildflowers. The Korean native bumblebee, Bombus ignitus, undergoes one generation per year, and induction of artificial hibernation is essential for year-round rearing of the bumblebee. Keeping queens under cold treatment conditions for several mo is an effective method for terminating their diapause and promoting colony development. In the present study, we investigated how the timing and duration of chilling affect the artificial hibernation of B. ignitus queens. In the timing assessment, cold treatment was instituted at 12 d, 40 d, or 100 d after eclosion under a constant temperature of $5^{\circ}C$ and 80% humidity. The queens that entered cold treatment at 12 d after emergence evidenced the highest survival rates: 86.7% at two mo, 73.3% at three mo, and 46.4% at 4 mo. Survival rates were reduced under storage conditions at 12 d, 40 d, and 100 d after emergence. When queens were subjected to chilling at 8 d, 12 d, or 16 d after eclosion with constant 80% humidity, the queens stored at 12 d after eclosion exhibited the highest survival rates, which were 84.6 at one mo, 25.0% at two mo, and 7.9% at three mo. In regards to the duration of the cold period, the queens that hibernated for at least two mo evidenced optimal colony development rates. The rates of oviposition, colony foundation, and progeny-queen production of queens hibernated for two mo were 60.0%, 30.0%, and 13.3%, respectively. These values were 6.0 to 13.3 times higher than those in the queens that hibernated for 15 d. Therefore, a cold period of at least 2 mo applied 12 d after emergence were found to be the most favorable conditions for diapause break in B. ignitus queens.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제36권11호
• /
• pp.1119-1126
• /
• 2012

세균의 집단 행동은 생물막의 형성에 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 대장균(E. coli) 및 고초균(B. subtilis) 군집에서 형성된 유동성 생물막의 유체역학적 특성을 비교하고자 초기에 아가 플레이트 내에서 층을 이루다가 성장하는 군집 표면 위로 자발적으로 분포되는 200 nm의 형광입자를 가시화 하였다. 대장균 군집에서는 유동하지 않는 200 nm 크기의 형광입자를 이용하여 성장하는 세균 군집의 3차원 형상 프로파일을 측정하였다. 고초균 군집의 경계에서 나타나는 와류 패턴은 고초균이 분비하는 계면활성제 내에서 유동하는 형광입자를 추적하여 가시화하였다. 본 연구는 세균의 생리 기능을 조절하는 새로운 물리적인 요소를 밝혀내고 세균의 증식 및 군집 이동에 영향을 미치는 유동성 생물막의 효과를 파악하는 첫걸음이 될 것이다.

• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the colony count of airborne microbes contamination every hour in the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit (NSICU) in order to identify the relationship of colony count to person-visits. Method: Data were collected during from 11:00 a.m. September 5 to 11:00 a.m. September 6, 2002. This study used blood agar & nutrient agar and handtally counter (USA) for collection of airborne microbes and number of person-visits. Data was analyzed using the SPSSWIN 10.0 with means, Pearson correlation coefficient, and simple regression. Result: The result of this study are as follows. Total colony count of airborne microbes for 24 hours in the NSICU was 4,609. Total number of person-visits to the NSICU was 15,347. The highest scores fur the total colony count in different areas of the NSICU was the rear door, followed by the preparation room, and the front entrance, while the lowest count was in the isolation rooms. There was a statistically significant relationship between colony count and number of person-visits to the NSICU. The most frequently airborne microbes in the NSICU were Micrococcus, CNS, Staphylococcus Micrococcus, Aureus. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the number of person-visits in hospitals influences total colony count of airborne microbes. This study contributes to assessment of biological indoor air quality in hospital and in the development of an NSICU care plan.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농업기계학회 2003년도 하계 학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.427-433
• /
• 2003

숙주세포가 분열될 때, 재조합 DNA 분자의 복제물이 자손에게 전달되며 거기서 벡터 복제가 일어난다. 수많은 세포 분열이 일어난 후, 동일한 숙주세포의 콜로니(colony), 혹은 클론(clone)이 생성된다. 이때 숙주세포의 분열은 배양액을 담은 용기에서 이루어진다. 박테리아 속의 배양된 콜로니에 재조합 DNA가 포함되어 있지 않으면 푸른색을 띠고, 재조합 DNA가 포함되어 있으면 흰색을 띠게된다. 이 흰색의 콜로니만을 추출해 내는 것이 바로 콜로니 픽킹(picking)이라 한다. (중략)

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제94권6호
• /
• pp.370-376
• /
• 2005

능이(Sarcodon aspratus)는 자연산 식용버섯으로 참나무와 공생하는 균근성 버섯으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 토양수분과 기상인자가 능이 발생에 미치는 관계를 구명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 충북 제천시 한수면 송계리 월악산내에 2개소를 선정하여 2000년부터 2002년까지의 토양수분과 기상인자를 조사하여 능이 발생에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. 능이 발생지와 비발생지의 토양수분과 지온을 1시간 간격으로 계측하여 분석하였다. 능이 발생 전후의 토양수분은 능이 발생지의 평균토양수분이 14.3%이고, 능이 비발생지의 평균토양수분은 16.4%로 능이 발생지의 평균토양수분이 2.1% 낮은 경향이었다. 능이 발생지의 평균지중온도는 $16.8^{\circ}C$이고, 능이 비발생지의 평균지중온도는 $16.5^{\circ}C$로 큰 차이는 없으나 능이 발생지의 평균지중온도가 $0.3^{\circ}C$ 높게 유지되었다. 능이의 발생에는 토양수분, 일최고온도, 일최저온도, 일최저지온이 영향을 미친다고 판단되며 송이의 경우와 유사한 경향이었다. 능이의 발생시기는 8월말~9월초에서 10월 초순경까지 발생하며 최근 기상이변과 엘리뇨 등의 영향으로 발생시기가 일정하지 않고 변화가 많았다. 송이의 경우와 같이 능이 발생이후에 일최저지온이 $20^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 유지되는 일수가 지속되면 원기생성과 능이 자실체 생장에 불리한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
• /
• 제24권
• /
• pp.335-364
• /
• 1996

The colony education policy of Japanese Empire was, as a su n.0, ppression on national salvation education of Korean, on the one hand it was liquidation of Korean national spirit and other hand, it has the object to Japanizing Koreans through cramming Japanese language and its culture. During the Japanse occupation of Korea, the libraries had two roles, one was to press Korean and its culture and the other was to civilize Koreans for Japanizing. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of rural-mini libraries whether the former or the latter. From 1932 to The Chosun Governor- General Department (Chosun Chongdokboo) actively spread 'The Movement of Rural Development in Korea. At the same time there were many rural -mini libraries in Korean rural and fishing community. Under the colony of Japanese Empire, colony policy was itself very tough that Japanese Empire did their utmost ideas to win Korean culture over and Japanzing Korean with every possible pressures. Since rural-mini libraries were planned by the chosun Governor-General Department, however, were established by Korean themselves with the property of local education center( Hyanggyo). Therefore, rural-mini libraries were as facilities to promote rural economic development for providing Japanese with some materials which need to conduct a war, and to introduce local people to participate in civilizing activity themselves and farmers and fishermen were forced to group to be educated in Japanese language and its reading. Rural-mini libraries were, as it were, not as facilities for enlightening Korean peoples but as facilities for civilizing Koreans.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국동물번식학회 2003년도 학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
• /
• pp.71-71
• /
• 2003

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a multifunctional cytokine that has been implicated in the regulation of pre-implantation embryo development across several species. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (mGM-CSF) on development of porcine parthenotes and nuclear transferred embryos, and on their expression of implantation-related genes. In the presence of bovine serum albumin, mGM-CSF did not increase the percentage of oocytes that developed to the blastocyst stage and at day 7 did not increase oocyte cell number. Addition of 10 mM GM-CSF to protein-free culture medium significantly increased the compaction and blastocoel formation of 1- to 2-cell parthenotes and cloned embryos developing in vitro. However, cell number was not increased when they were cultured in the presence of GM-CSF. Semi-quantitative reverse transcripts polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that mGM-CSF enhances mRNA expression of the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor, but does not influence interleukin-6 or sodium/glucose co-transporter protein gene expression in blastocyst stage parthenotes. These results suggest that mGM-CSF may enhance viability of porcine embryos developing in vitro in a defined culture medium.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농업기계학회 2003년도 동계 학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.215-220
• /
• 2003

인간 게놈 프로젝트가 지속적으로 진행됨에 따라 계속적으로 대량의 유전체 정보가 밝혀지고 있으며, 이미 밝혀진 유전체의 염기서열을 바탕으로 다양한 생물의 전체 유전자의 기능을 효율적으로 해석하는 기술의 개발이 요구되고 있다. 식물 게놈 프로젝트 또한 식량확보라는 단순하면서도 전략적인 차원에서 가장 절실히 요구되는 기본 과학기술 연구분야이다. 게놈(genome)은 유전자(gene)와 염색체(chromosome)의 합성어로 한 생물체가 지닌 모든 유전 정보의 집합체이고, 동종의 재결합 DNA 분자를 포함하는 동일 세포의 개체를 클론(clone)이라 하며, 클론의 집합체를 콜로니(Colony)라 한다 생물체의 모든 유전정보를 가진 게놈은 핵산(nucleotide acid)이라 불리는 염기로 이루어져 있으며, 이들은 서로 상보적인 쌍을 이루어 두 가닥으로 형성되어 있다. 이를 한 쌍의 base pair라 한다. (중략)

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 1992

Animal experiments need numerous kinds of animal which are suitable for every research. About 300 mouse strains are developed up to the present, but they do not give satisfaction to every researchers. So we must build up the methods of breading animals which are newly developed and of maintenance of characteristics which were developed before. To maintain experimental animal is not only proceeding the generation but also increasing the animal populations, it needs geneticai control. Genetic factors which influence to reproduction are very important to maintain colony. These factors include lethal gene, chromosomal abberation, sterility gene, etc.. With the recent development of transgenic technology, scientists now can deliberately creat numerous specific animal models. To know how to manage the colony which has genetic defect on reproduction and transgenic mice is one of the key to study in vitro fertilization.