• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.53-63
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify leisure activities, health promotion behaviors, and quality of life and regional differences in urban and rural elderly people. Method: This study was a descriptive research and data were collected from 198 elderly people using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the PASW WIN 18.0 Program. Result: Urban elders showed significantly higher rate for leisure activities compared to rural elders. While urban elders did not show a significant relationship among leisure activities, health promotion behaviors, and quality of life, rural elders showed a significant relationship among leisure activities, health promotion behavior, and quality of life. While the leisure activities and health promotion behaviors were influenced by recreational and social life in the urban elders, these activities and behaviors had no influence for rural elders. Leisure activities and quality of life were influenced by watching and enjoying activities, services and religious activities, and recreational and social life for urban elders but health sports was an influence for rural elders. Conclusion: Findings indicate regional differences and provide basic information to develop programs and leisure guidelines to enhance leisure activities, health promotion behaviors, and quality of life according to regional characteristics of elderly people.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.15
• /
• pp.217-231
• /
• 1990

The purposes of this study were to research 1) the background of origination, 2) the process of development and 3) the influences to modern clothing culture of American sportswear. The most Influential sportswear designers in America from beginning period to present : such as Claire McCardell, Calvin Klein, Ralph Lauren and Donna Karan were selected to study their life and achievements in the world sportswear market. The Results were as follows : 1) World War I & II have caused the greatest changes to modern history America became the center of world economy, society and culture. Politically, they have influenced democracy world-wide and raised the social status of women. The free American women enjoyed sports, Jazz drinking and car-driving. The advanced technology have accelerated mechanization and mass-production to the fashion industrv. 2) The above historical backgrounds have caused to change women's clothing to casual, practical and simple form. Dorothy Shaver at Lord & Taylor began promoting American designers who created the original American spirit. Claire McCardell created the seperated American sportswear to become world-wide fashion. Calvin Klein and Ralph Lauren, the sportswear designers who have the unique American feeling have come to have riches and fames equal to the top designers in Paris. 3) The American sportswear and fashion industry influenced Paris Mode, the traditional Haute Couture to open Pret-a-porter-a-porter. The concept of seperated coordination in American sportswear have promoted the advanced marketing techniques and merchandising systems to modern ready-to-wear industry. Fashion in 1980s have increased the mutual interdepedence between the American sportswear industry and the creative Paris Mode. And then, the fashion world in 1990s and 21C will be changed and developed on the basis of American sportswear mechanism.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.599-607
• /
• 2007

We analyzed the effects of regular Jjimjilbang (Korean sauna) exposure on the cold tolerance in young and elderly females. Subjects were young (n=7) and elderly (n=7) females who had never had Jjimjilbang exposure experience. The Jjimjil training group was exposured in the Jjimjilbang 19 times per week. Jjimjibang exposure was limited to three times per day. Jjimjil activity was taken freely. To prove the effects of the cold tolerance, subjects were exposed to cold air ($12{\pm}1^{\circ}C,\;60{\pm}10%$RH). In these conditions, subjects were exposed for 30 minutes at which time rectal temperature, skin temperatures, clothing microclimate, energy expenditure, blood pressure and subjective sensation were measured. To prove the effects of the local cold tolerance, vascular hunting reaction was observed measuring the finger skin temperature while the left middle finger tip was immersed in cold water of $0^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. The results are as follows. According to repeated Jjimjil exposure, rectal temperature changes, peripheral temperature and energy expenditure were increased gradually in the cold climate chamber. Blood pressure, subjective sensation and vascular hunting reactions did not show any significant difference. In conclusion, regular Jjimjilbang exposure has negative effects on the ability of the body to improve its regulation of temperature especially in cold tolerance.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.1067-1077
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to verify the relationship between academic self-efficacy and self-directed learning through learning flow of golf department students. This study consisted of 257 students who participated in golf classes and the data of 270 students were analyzed. The structure equation model was analyzed by SPSS 21.0 or AMOS 22.0. The results are as follows. First, the academic self-efficacy of golf department students showed a positive effect on their learning flow. Second, the learning flow of college students in the golf department showed a positive effect on their self-directed learning. Third, the academic self-efficacy of golf department students showed a positive effect on their autonomous learning.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sling and vibrator application of knee push-up plus motion on trunk muscle activities. Ten healthy adult males(age, 23.00±0.45 years; height, 176.60±1.64 cm; body mass, 67.50±1.22 kg; and BMI, 21.65±0.34 kg/㎡) were participated in this study as subjects. Three types' knee push-up plus motions were performed(basic knee push-up plus motion, BKPP; knee push-up plus motion with sling, KPPS; knee push-up plus motion with vibration, KPPV). We measured the right side's trunk muscle activities of the upper trapezius(UT), pectoralis major(PM), serratus anterior(SA), rectus abdominis(RA), and external oblique(EO). The research findings were as follows. UT, PM, SA, RA, and EO muscle activities were greatest during KPPV(p<.001). These results are expected to serve as reference materials for knee push-up plus motion applications in training programs for trunk muscle strengthening.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.43-59
• /
• 2010

In the first half of 20th century, there was an abrupt change in society and social values. Therefore, a demand for functional women's sportswear started to increase. This paper has attempted to investigate the impact of functionalism on women's sportswear in the first half of the 20th century. The following results were obtained: First, anti-tradition was observed. There was a tendency to be separated from the past and against tradition. It was tried to pursue freedom, getting away from corset and petticoat. Second, structural functions were targeted. In other words, precise and efficient shapes and simple silhouette and line were emphasized. Third, fitness of purpose was found. More liberal and comfortable design has been targeted. That's why a variety of functional pants have been designed instead of skirts. Fourth, utility and practicality were found. Elastic fabrics such as wool and jersey and sweater have commonly used in sportswear. A variety of new fabrics have been used and details such as flare, slit and pleats have been designed. Lastly, non-ornamentality was found. The beauty of simple shape was pursued by omitting details or eliminating unnecessary ornaments. Monochrome and dark color were preferred and a use of accessories has declined. The result of this paper could be used in establishing a theoretical framework on the impact on social change, values and art and helpful In modern women's sportswear design and marketing which have become more important.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.287-298
• /
• 2020

Ca²⁺ signaling of endothelial cells plays a critical role in controlling blood flow and pressure in small arteries and arterioles. As the impairment of endothelial function is closely associated with cardiovascular diseases (e.g., atherosclerosis, stroke, and hypertension), endothelial Ca²⁺ signaling mechanisms have received substantial attention. Increases in endothelial intracellular Ca²⁺ concentrations promote the synthesis and release of endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs, e.g., nitric oxide, prostacyclin, or K⁺ efflux) or directly result in endothelial-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH). These physiological alterations modulate vascular contractility and cause marked vasodilation in resistance arteries. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are nonselective cation channels that are present in the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle cells, or perivascular/sensory nerves. TRP channels are activated by diverse stimuli and are considered key biological apparatuses for the Ca²⁺ influx-dependent regulation of vasomotor reactivity in resistance arteries. Ca²⁺-permeable TRP channels, which are primarily found at spatially restricted microdomains in endothelial cells (e.g., myoendothelial projections), have a large unitary or binary conductance and contribute to EDHFs or EDH-induced vasodilation in concert with the activation of intermediate/small conductance Ca²⁺-sensitive K⁺ channels. It is likely that endothelial TRP channel dysfunction is related to the dysregulation of endothelial Ca²⁺ signaling and in turn gives rise to vascular-related diseases such as hypertension. Thus, investigations on the role of Ca²⁺ dynamics via TRP channels in endothelial cells are required to further comprehend how vascular tone or perfusion pressure are regulated in normal and pathophysiological conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.56-62
• /
• 2010

This paper presents the development process of roof carrier assembly using a one side release system for a vehicle. An RV(Recreational Vehicle) or SUV(Sports Utility Vehicle) has a roof carrier system on an upper surface of a roof panel for loading large or long size baggage. Such a roof carrier system is comprised of a roof rack longitudinally mounted on a roof panel and cross bar perpendicularly installed in the horizontal direction. Several locking mechanisms used in most vehicle roof carrier systems are composed with both side releasable locking ones. The obvious drawback to this arrangement is that when the user desires to reposition the cross bar, first one of the locking members must be unlocked and then the user must walk around to the opposite side of the vehicle to unlock the other member. In this paper, we proposed a newly locking mechanism, which allows a user simultaneously place both locking members of the roof carrier in locked and unlocked positions. In order to estimate design compatibility, structural and modal analysis is performed. Furthermore, a prototype based on the proposed design has been made, and then durability test carried out. From the simulation and experimental results, the proposed roof carrier system is proved effective and safe.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.216-222
• /
• 2012

Purpose: Weight-bearing exercise is a type of physical exercise that is widely performed for rehabilitation after acquiring nervous-system diseases or sports-related injuries. It is one of the most commonly prescribed rehabilitation programs for strengthing of the lower extremities. Weight-bearing exercise is important for the conduct of such activity of daily living (ADLs) as walking, and up and down the stairs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the muscle activities during one-leg standing and one-leg squatting, the two most representative weight-bearing exercises. Methods: A total of 43 elderly (60~70 years old) males who could perform weight-bearing exercises were included in the study. During the one-leg standing and one-leg squatting, the electromyographic (EMG) signals were quantified as maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) using surface EMG, and then the muscle activities of the lower extremities during the two exercises were compared. For statistical analysis, an independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were performed. Results: The results of the study are as follows: (1) in the one-leg standing, the activity of the gluteus medius was the greatest among the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, bicep femoris, (2) in the one-leg squatting, the activity of the vastus medialis was the greatest; and (3) the activity was greater in the one-leg squatting than in the single-leg standing exercise. Conclusion: The one-leg standing and squatting exercises are suitable for strengthening the muscles for the prevention of and recovery from lower-extremity injury, and for functional ADL in elderly people. In addition, dynamic exercise was shown to be more effective than static exercise for strengthening the muscles.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2010

Purpose: To investigate the rater reliability of a Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) for children with cerebral palsy, and to investigate possible differences among raters according to their clinical work experience and testing experience. Methods: Study participants included 18 children with spastic cerebral palsy who could walk. They were instructed by pediatric physical therapists, two of whom had ten years of clinical work experience and two who had less than one year of experience. The children's ability to achieve physical balance was videotaped for PBS items. The raters watched the tapes and evaluated each child twice. Rater reliability was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Differences between experienced and novice raters were analyzed using a paired t-test. The statistical significance level was set to 0.05. Results: The total PBS scores averaged 45.78~48.00 and 45.72~47.67 for first and second tests. Intra-rater reliability was very high (ICC=0.89~0.99), and the repeated measurement coincidence was high (p>0.05). Inter-rater reliability was high (ICC=0.83~0.84), but there was a bit of a difference in the coincidence (p<0.05). The experienced raters' reliability and coincidence were higher than those of the novices, and there were differences in reliance and coincidence between experienced and novice raters (p<0.05). Conclusion: Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability is very high. However, rater reliability showed defferences depending on clinical work experience and testing experience. When testing pediatric patients with the PBS, the rater's clinical experience and test experience may affect the test results.