• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.450-457
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• 1991

The iron status of 57 female college students was evaluated by measurements of hemoglobinCHb). hematocritCHct) and serum ferritin(Ferritin). Mean values for Hb, Hct and Ferritin were $13.9\pm$ 0.96g/dl, $41.4\pm$ 2.85% and $20.7\pm$ l5.5ng/mL respectively. Ferritin as well as Hb. Hct were not statistically different from normal distribution. although ferritin were skewed to the right. The prevalence of anemia defined by Hb < 12g/dI. Hct ~36 % and Ferritin <12ng/ml were found to be 5.3, 10.3 and 36.8%, respectively. By using Hb as a screening tool at a cutoff point of 12g/dI. 2.8% of healthy subjects will be incorrectly classified as anemic and 90.5 % of anemic as healthy. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated at various cutoff points of Hb and Hct. The estimates of sensitivity and specificity allow Hb 14.0g/dl as cutoff point for good predictor of anemia.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.403-410
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• 2009

This paper is to find out which factors affect preference and revisiting on brand personality according to cross-national college students in Korea and China, and to suggest distinguished strategies for attracting core customers continuously on each country and restaurants. The questionary hand out each 150, then used for data analysis 142 in Korean, 122 in China. The results come up with; First, It couldn't compared huge gap for McDonald and Burger King in sampling. Second, three variables (successful, harmony, and western) are highly recognized brand personality in Korean. They should build up powerful image to communicate 20's ages. For Chinese that ranked highly three variables (Darling, Friendly, and Sincere), they reinforced warm-hearted image with special character, providing promotion coupon, and various event. Third, because 2 factors(Sincere and Sensitivity) had significant in preference for Korean and Chinese. It should be formed non-producted parts which are visual decoration, atmosphere, uniform and music. Also, 'feminine' had meaningful for Chinese. Fourth, 'Sincere' was connected directly in revisiting for Korean and Chinese. Trust Is prior to customer and brand. Also, for Korean, 'sensitivity' had significant. Therefore, it should make exciting surrounding, and atmosphere.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.111-116
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• 2016

Purpose - A lot of preceeding studies have focused on the pains that might be felt in spending money, that is an important role in getting psychological safety. Money and social resources can be all for consumers, and they are likely to form a substituting relationship with one another. Being motivated by the idea that spending money for others can come with joy if one's objective is accomplished by social support, this paper aimed to explore the mediating role of the perceived money importance and gratitude in the relationship between social support and pleasure in spending for other-gift. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - In this empirical study, the experimental group is expected to receive social support while the control group is composed of those who are usually indulged in reminiscences of their sweethearts. From the college students, 160 experiment participants were selected and 80 participants of them were assigned to control group as well as to experimental group respectively at random. Empirical study for each of the two groups was performed respectively by means of questionnaire survey. Experimental group data and control group data were combined together to be used for testing hypotheses. Linear structural equation model in Amos was used to verify the hypotheses, and Bootstrap was also used to examine whether there were the mediating roles of the perceived money importance and gratitude or not. Results - From the empirical study, following conclusions could be drawn: First, social support of others makes one perceive the importance of money less; Second, social support of others makes one perceive gratitude to others; Third, less perceived importance of money and gratitude to others can make one feel pleasure in spending for other-gift; and Fourth, less perceived importance of money and gratitude to others can partially mediate the effect of social support from others on the pleasure in spending for other-gift. Conclusions - The outcomes of this study might offer theoretic and managerial implications as follow: Even though many hitherto studies have asserted that spending money usually comes with pains, this study discovered that social support might reduce perceived the importance of money but make others feel gratitude and, thus, one would feel joy in spending money to buy gift for others, and made a contribution to the progress of the theory of pleasure in spending for other-gift. This paper also made contributions toward the development of emotion marketing theory by showing that the effect of social support on the pleasure in spending for other-gift could be partially mediated by the perceived the importance of money and gratitude to others. Based on the above conclusions, it may be affirmed that marketers should help consumers perceive the importance of money less, and help feel gratitude to others by pointing up the support of others to consumers in an attempt to accelerate spending for other-gift.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2015

Purpose - This study aims to examine the effect of audience attitude toward product placement, or PPL, on product attitude and purchase intention. PPL has increasingly been prevailing in TV dramas since the revision of the Broadcasting Act in January 2010, and it is quite widespread in today's society. Therefore, this study intends to investigate how the audience would take a particular attitude toward PPL in TV dramas and how their attitude would affect their product attitude and purchase intention. Research design, data, and methodology - The sample for the current study was drawn from college students in Seoul in December 2013, as the main targets of the products and brands that were advertised by PPL are young people. The questionnaire for this study comprised nine parts, such as the knowledge of PPL, experience of PPL, TV drama watching time, impulsive buying propensity, celebrity imitating buying propensity, attitude toward PPL, attitude toward product, purchase intention, and demographic characteristics. The questionnaire items were measured by 5-point Likert scales. Whether the demographic characteristics and propensity to consume would affect PPL attitude was analyzed and how the PPL attitude would affect purchase intention through product attitude was analyzed as well. To analyze the relationship between variables, structural equation modeling analysis was performed with Amos 18.0. Results - The major findings of the study were as follows. First, whether the demographic characteristics and propensity to consume would affect PPL attitude was analyzed, and it is found that out of the demographic characteristics, only gender and knowledge of PPL exerted an influence on PPL attitude. In addition, celebrity-imitating buying propensity had an impact on PPL attitude. Second, whether PPL attitude would affect purchase intention through product attitude was analyzed by structural equation modeling. Consequently, it is found that PPL attitude impacted purchase intention through product attitude. Conclusions - The findings of the study had the following implications. First, in theoretical aspects, previous studies have proven only that attitude toward PPL influenced attitude toward product and purchase intention separately; however, the current study has investigated the mediated role of attitudes toward PPL. Second, regarding the practical aspects, as PPL attitude exercised an effect on purchase intention as well as product attitude, PPL should be utilized in a manner to stimulate the audience to take a positive attitude to it. Finally, gender, PPL knowledge, and celebrity-imitating buying orientation were identified as influential factors for PPL attitude. Specifically, female consumers showed a lower attitude toward PPL than males, and the consumers who have no knowledge showed a lower attitude toward PPL. The consumers who have celebrity imitating buying propensity expressed a higher attitude toward PPL. These factors should consequently be taken into account when PPL is planned and conducted. The current study has limitations such as the sample object, non- experimental method, and media biases. Therefore, future research should be conducted to address these limitations.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.65-84
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• 2008

Historically the value of the secondary Home Economics subject matter has been justified with the extrinsic aim to satisfy the needs of the individual and family and of the society. The purpose of this study is to investigate the educational and philosophical significance of the knowledge in Home Economics education through reasoning out its intrinsic aim. From the point of discipline-based curriculum, Home Economics as 'the structure of knowledge' constitutes the curriculum of the secondary Home Economics subject matter and contributes to understanding the family life intellectually with its unique perspective. When students understand these theoretical contents, they will internalize the core idea of Home Economics so that their cognitive perspective on family life is developed or widened. With this cognitive perspective, they are able to discover the aspect of family life from their daily life, to interpret and judge every situation properly. It is the presupposition of socially expected practical problem solving that makes Home Economics education intrinsically meaningful. In conclusion, the secondary Home Economics curriculum needs to be reinterpreted or reorganized as the structure of knowledge, not as fragmentary informations or facts, through which the broad cognitive perspective on family life is developed and Home Economist's mode of thinking is transmitted.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.71-76
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• 2009

서론(Introduction) : 의학 시뮬레이션(medical simulation)은 교육생 학습과정에서 내재된 위험이 환자에게 가해짐 없이 교육생이 실제적인 환자 상황을 경험할 수 있게 하고 여러 다양한 임상내용이 포함한 상황에 적용될 수 있다. 시뮬레이션 기술의 사용은 의학교육(medical education), 인증서(certification), 면허교부(Licensure)와 의료의 질 형성에 큰 잠재력을 가지고 있다. 복강경 수술, 내시경검사, 전문심장구조술, 응급기도관리와 외상소생을 포함한 다양한 임상시술의 수행에서 시뮬레이션이 교육생의 술기를 달성하고, 측정하고, 유지하는 유효성을 증명하였다 컴퓨터로 조절되는 시뮬레이터는 맥박, 혈압, 호흡, 대화가 가능하고, 중증질환 또는 외상환자의 치료에 필요한 같은 인명구조 시술을 수행할 수 있다. 의학 시뮬레이션은 의사, 간호사, 응급구조사와 응급 진료를 필요로 하는 환자를 치료하는 사람에게 필요하다. 최신 전문심장구조술 과정수업은 전통적인 강의와 제한된 팀 상호작용이 포함된 이틀 과정이다. 우리는 비 영어권 국제 응급구조학생의 전문심장구조술 술기능력을 알아보고, 그것을 미국 응급구조학생과 비교하고자 한다. 목적(Objective) : 이 연구의 목적은 다양한 전문심장구조술 증례 시나리오를 가진 의학 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 미국과 한국의 응급구조 학생의 능력을 비교하는 것이다. 시행 장소(Site Location) : 이 연구는 한국 제주도에 위치한 제주한라대학 스토니브룩 응급의료교육원에서 진행되었다. 학생들의 평가는 스토니브룩에 위치한 스토니브룩 대학 의료원의 한 명의 평가자(Dr. lee)에 의해 수행되었다. 방법(Methods) : 15명의 한국 응급구조학생들은 세 팀으로 무작위로 선정하였다. 5명이 한 팀이 되어 같은 증례의 시나리오를 받았다. 세 가지 시나리오는 : 첫째, 천식지속상태(Status asthmaticus), 둘째, 긴장기흉을 동반한 만성폐쇄성폐질환(COPD with tension penumothorax) 그리고 마지막으로 메가코드(megacode)를 가진 심정지 이다. 세 팀을 각각 그리고 기본인명구조술(BLS)과 전문심장구조술(ACLS)과정을 마친 미국 응급구조학생들과 비교하였다. 15명의 미국 응급구조학생들 또한 세 팀으로 무작위로 선정하였다. 이 응급구조 학생들은 플러싱병원 의료원 소속으로 그곳에서 이 연구에 참여할 뿐만 아니라 지속적인 의학교육(CME)이수를 받았다. 이들에게도 같은 세 가지 증례의 시나리오가 주어졌고 Dr lee는 총 여섯 팀을 평가하였다(한국 세 팀과 미국 세팀). 결과(Results) : 양 국가의 모든 15명의 학생이 의학시뮬레이터를 사용하여 전문심장구조술 메가코드시험을 포함한 시험에 모두 통과하였다. 비록 학생들을 무작위로 세 팀으로 나누었지만 한 팀이 이 모든 세 증례에서 다른 팀보다 뛰어났다. 제주한라대학 2번 팀은 더 나은 기도관리, 리듬인식과 임상술기를 가진 모든 중요한 활동을 얻기에서 우수했다. 그들은 핵심요구사항을 90% 이상 충족시겼다. 한국의 2번팀(G2K)은 메가코드에서 기도개방, 호흡평가, 순환징후 그리고 흉부압박수와 같은 신체검진 술기에서도 탁월했다. 게다가 다른 팀과 비교 시 리듬인식, 약물지식과 임상술기에서도 높은 점수를 받았으며 2번팀(G2K)이 6팀 중에 가장 뛰어나게 역활수행을 하였다. 결론(Conclusion) : 이 비교 연구에서 한국학생과 미국학생간에 전문심장구조술 메가코드 시험의 통과율에는 차이가 없었다. 그러나 미국학생은 세 팀 사이에 더 적은 변이로 더 일괄된 점수를 받았다. 한국학생들도 모든 세 가지 증례를 통과하였지만 이 세 팀은 미국학생 팀보다 점수에서 더 큰 변이를 보였다.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.65-72
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• 2011

ENFP the flowers 66.7%, INFP 50% of the leaves was the first that showed interest. ISTP in the fragrance of the plants, the 55.6% interest in the first feeling, ENTJ's 60%, INFJ's 75%, INTJ 83.3% of the entire plant in the form of the first was said to have interest. MBTI personality types, depending on the interest portion of the plant selection for mean difference (p=0.004). Favorite types of plants, flowers, 53.7%, 32.7% fruits, vegetables, 5.4% have been selected, depending on the features your favorite plants, types of hearing means the difference (p=0.022). Select any of four kinds of flowers, plants, plants that NF 40.7%, NT 58.8% were preferred, SF a fragrant plants that were preferred by 41.8%. ST flowering plants in the 37.5%, 29.2% of the seasonal green leafy foliage was preferred. Depending on the psychological features a selection for your favorite flora also indicates a difference (p=0.038). MBTI personality types based on the four indicators in the form of leaves and flowers preferred type for accident analysis determined a feature based on the emotional type, meaning that it leaves the choice of form, and (p=0.036), determined according to the type-aware select a flower type refers to the difference (p=0.025).

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1-26
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to present the overall landscape of Comparative Education study in teacher training program at universities in Korea. The Comparative Education in Korea is relatively young without a lengthy tail on its name and still on the way of upgrading itself, however various efforts are gathering for the development of Comparative Education. With this understanding, this paper diagnoses the current status of Comparative Education in Korea by analyzing 1) the number of institutions which provide Comparative Education lectures for their teacher training program, 2) aims of Comparative Education teaching, 3) curricular and course titles, 4) teaching methods and textbooks, and 5) current issues and problems currently laid on Comparative Education in Korea designated by actual lecturers and professors who are in charge of Comparative Education lectures. The historical development of Comparative Education in Korea will be briefly presented at the beginning part of the chapter. To gauge the comparative position of Korean Comparative Education, the second half of this paper introduces the cases of Comparative Education at universities worldwide, presenting various countries' status of Comparative Education along with their developmental status. As the first research which pays an attention on the current figure of Comparative Education in Korea, it will form an impetus on why we should teach college students about comparative education and on what next step should be carried for further development of Comparative Education at universities based on the comparative understanding of other countries. Since it is in the transitional stage in terms of its development, it would be critical to have a self-analysis of the current status, which will help to lay the comprehensive understanding background for designating the future direction of its development.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.56
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• pp.1-32
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• 2016

The present study examined the mediating effects of parent-child stress on the relationship between perceived neighborhood disorder and problem behaviors. The research hypotheses were based on Pearlin's(1999) stress process model and findings from previous literature. The data from the $4^{th}$-wave of the Korea Youth Panel Survey (KYPS; a panel survey of $8^{th}$-grade students) were analyzed to identify the relationships between the study variables. The sample included 2,301 adolescents (16 to 18 years old). Findings showed that parent-child stress partially mediated the relationship between perceived neighborhood disorder and problem behaviors in adolescents. As adolescents perceived more neighborhood disorder, they were more likely to experience anxiety/depression and aggression. In addition, greater neighborhood disorder were found to be associated with the higher levels of the parent-child stress. Furthermore, when controlling for perceived neighborhood disorder, the higher levels of the parent-child stress were found to be associated with the higher levels of anxiety/depression and aggression. The Sobel test and bootstrapping results showed that parent-child stress partially mediates the relationship between perceived neighborhood disorder and anxiety/depression, as well as the relationship between perceived neighborhood disorder and aggression. Based on the results, we discussed social welfare implications of the study findings to prevent adolescent problem behavior as well as the limitations of the study.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.53-70
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• 2014

This study was performed in order to suggest the future model of Asian universities that could be used in the planning of the global competitive strategy. Futurologists forecasted the future of higher education using Harman Fan Scenario as like this. First, most current universities will be 'the satellite university' until 2015. Second, they also will replace 'the bookless university' until 2020. Third, they will be 'no calendar university' until 2025. And then they may be 'all have access university' until 2030. After 2030, futurologists prospected that almost universities based on off-line campus will be disappeared into the history. The analysis method of Harman fan scenario and applied scenarios were also used to "A study on the future scenario of Korean university". The predictive model and the alternative models were explored in a view point of students, enterprise, and government. Individuality with educational excellence are standardized for learner, profit and effectiveness are applied for enterpriser, and equality with welfare are adapted for national leader. Asian universities need to focus on bringing up the practical ability based on conscious and emotional education instead of knowledge based on memory. Also they need to enforce the specialized education that can create new jobs through convergence of interdisciplinary. Especially, Asian nations need to explore, to find the strengthen area of their universities compared with USA. And these area should be specialized. The convergency strategy between oriental medicine and informatics is a meaningful sample. Based on this point, a predicted with 3 alternative scenarios in a view point of equality were suggested for the future of Asian universities.