• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-30
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• 2007

The study carried out a survey with employees of hospitals located in Daejeon, Chungnam, and Chungbuk from Sep. 12 to Sep. 30, 2005 in order to derive primary elements that affect the improvement of hospital's competitiveness. The study investigated and analyzed the employees' recognition on the change of competitive environment caused by the change of medical environment. The study also analyzed the elements that affect the hospital's competitiveness and the competitive strategies of the hospitals. The conclusion of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. Summary 1) Most of the employees responded that there is a rival in the competitive environment and the competitive is intense. Especially when the employees are married, live in urban areas, have an education level of university graduate or are managers, they tend to think the competitive is very intense. Also, they said that the competitive is based upon the quality of medical service. They mentioned the element that has the biggest effect on the competitiveness is the element of medical consumer and they recognized that the medical services in university and general hospitals have more competitiveness than the one-department hospitals. 2) It was investigated that the medical technique service has the most effect on the hospital's competitiveness. Also, the external service of medical techniques also has a large effect on the hospital's competitiveness. 3) When they were asked for the factors that affect the patients' decision on selecting a hospital, most of them responded "capability and technique of the medical staffs." Also, they said that "sufficient explanation from doctors" and "special center and clinic" are the factors that have big effects on the patients' decision. 4) In the SWOT analysis, most of them responded that the strength is the hospital's characteristics and the weakness is insufficient and obsolete equipment. They said the opportunity is the demands for professional medical service and the risk is the intense competitive among the hospitals. 5) In the SWOT strategy, they emphasized the strategy that uses the opportunity and the strength and the strategy that uses the opportunity while overcoming the weakness. 6) As for the basic competition strategy, most of them thought of the strategy of professionalizing the medical service most importantly. Next, they focused on the strategy of distinct service and the strategy of lower prime cost. 2. Conclusion 1) Because service competition between hospitals is happening seriously, need competitiveness security through right awareness transfer and satisfaction upgrade about medical consumer. 2) For medical technique service upgrade that equip Hospital's competitiveness but affects most, must solidify the countermeasure because professionalizing the medical service and newest medical technique induction should be achieved first, and compose task force for the external service of medical techniques improvement. 3) To improve SWOT of hospital, opportunity and the strength strategy choice that rescue hospital's characteristics heightening professionalizing the medical service level is fancied. 4) As for the basic competition strategy, will have to try in phase triangular position of hospital which is trusted medical level upgrade and excellent manpower security and finance independence through upgrade. The study was only done with hospitals in Daejeon, Chungnam and Chungbuk. Also, it is a study from the side of suppliers of medical service so there are limitations. However, the significance of the study is to present the basic data for improvement of hospital's competitiveness by examining the importance of medical techniques and external service of medical techniques that are the main effects on the improvement of hospital's competitiveness.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.518-535
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• 2001

Nursing practices should be based on the understanding of human beings. In order to understand human beings, it is important to study the lifestyles and thoughts of people in their natural environment. In this sense, the cultural aspects of a society need to be studied for a culture-bound nursing service. Child care, which is an important element of nursing, is also strongly influenced by the culture of a society. Therefore, a cultural study is necessary to understand the child-rearing practices of any society. The major purpose of this dissertation is to provide basic foundations for developing a culture-based theory for nursing intervention through studying traditional cultural elements of child care in Korean society. The study examined child-rearing practices in a small village on Koje Island in the southern part of Korea. It utilized ethnographic methodologies including participatory observations and in-depth interviews. The study participants were 9 Korean mothers living on Koje Island. The average age was 52. The data were collected between July in 1998 and December in 1999. The average number of interviews per person was 7-8, and the duration of each interview was approximately 2 hours. The data were analyzed using the Spradley Analytical Method. The following 9 major child-rearing aspects of mothers on Koje Island were discovered as a result of the study: 1. Firstly, mothers on Koje Island were mostly concerned about the "Old Birth Goddess' Curse", especially during their child's early years. This concern was evidenced by their careful behavior when their child was very young and by their praying to the Old Birth Goddess not to be jealous of their babies. 2. Secondly, they wished their children to live a different and better life than themselves. It was represented by their strong motivation toward their children's education as well as their expectation for their children's success. In traditional Korean culture, Korean people think that the rise and fall of the household depend on their offsprings. Therefore, Korean mothers wish their children attain to a higher level of social status through education. 3. Third, mothers are concerned about their children's righteousness. Mothers on Koje island expect their children to live with discretion, justice, strength, respect, harmony, and to do their best in life. 4. Next was an 'anticipation of their children's happy marriage'. The attributes of this category were an 'anxiety about their children's married life', and 'an expectation of a good spouse for their children'. Because Korean people believe that only a son can continue the bloodline of a family, especially Korean mothers have a great concern of the possibility of their daughters not having a son after marriage. Also they have different expectations toward their daughter-in-laws than son-in-laws. 5. Korean mothers also derived their satisfaction from their son. It was characterized by 'excessive affection toward their son', 'dependency on their son', and 'being afraid of their married daughter having a girl like themselves'. Korean society has been a patriarchy. Therefore, a son is beloved as someone who will take care of his old parents, be in charge of ancestral rites, and provide a daughter-in-law who can conceive a son. 6. The sixth category concerned 'the differences in their expectations for their children'. The attributes in this category were 'different expectations depending on their children's gender', 'different expectations depending on their children's ability', and a 'great sympathy toward children with low abilities'. Korean mothers expect their son to become better than their daughter. 7. The seventh category was related to their 'roles in child-caring practices'. Traditionally a child was raised in an extended family system in Korea So it was not the sole duty of a mother to bring up the child. Korean mothers used to receive much help rasing children from their in-laws, and family members. On the other hand, many children grew up by themselves, because their mothers were very busy taking care of housework. Furthermore, many children also grew up in poverty. 8. Mothers also had issues related to 'conflicts in child rearing'. They were characterized by 'lack of understanding', 'rudeness of children', and 'giving vent to one's anger'. 9. Finally, mothers regretted not doing their best in child-rearing practices. It was characterized by a 'bitter feeling of repentance', 'feeling irritated', and 'feeling of unsatisfaction'.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

최근 전세계적으로 공장과 공단, 공업도시, 노동자 주거 단지, 쓰레기 매립지 등의 인더스트리얼 사이트를 공공의 땅으로 회복하고 공원화함에 있어 장소가 지니고 있던 역사적, 형태적 특성을 기반으로 한 고유한 장소성을 고려한 장소기억의 재현이 중요한 화두가 되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 최근 공원설계에 있어 주요한 목표가 되고 있는 장소성 높은 공원을 조성하기 위한 기초자료로서 조성 및 개원 당시 공원을 설계하는 방식에 있어 장소의 기억을 적극적으로 끌어들였다는 공통점을 지니고 있는 서울숲과 선유도공원의 장소성 형성 구조를 도출하여, 향후 장소성을 고려한 공원계획 및 설계를 위한 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구를 토대로 도출된 서울숲, 선유도공원에 대한 장소성 형성구조 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 구조방정식 모형을 통하여 서울숲과 선유도공원은 자연물리적, 인공물리적, 체험적 요인의 만족도가 장소성 형성에 유의한 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 장소성이 높아질수록 방문용의성이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 장소의 물리적 환경에 따라서 서울숲과 선유도공원은 놀이, 운동 등 체험적 요인이 상대적으로 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 장소성을 높이기 위하여는 물리적 요인에 더하여 체험적 요인을 중요하게 고려하여야 한다. 셋째, 동일한 유형의 장소일지라도 개별 장소의 특성에 따라 요인 및 변수의 상대적 중요도는 다르게 나타났다. 장소별 구조방정식 모형에서 확인할 수 있듯이 각 요인과 관련된 구체적 변수의 중요도는 장소에 따라서 차이가 있을 수 있다. 예를 들어, 서울숲에서는 자연물리적 요소가 인공물리적 요소보다 중요한 것으로 나타났지만, 선유도공원에서는 인공물리적 요소가 자연물리적 요소보다 더 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 장소성 연구에 있어 정량적 연구방법인 구조방정식 모형을 다양한 장소에 도입하여 장소성 구조모형을 도출하고, 이를 통하여 장소성 형성을 위한 보다 구체적 방안을 제시하고, 더 나아가 장소성의 실체에 한걸음 더 접근할 수 있었다는데 의의가 있다. 본 연구에서의 분석방법 및 결과를 토대로 더욱 다양한 장소를 대상으로 장소성 형성모델을 도출하는 후속 연구가 계속된다면, 의미 있고 개성적이며 정겨운 도시의 장소, 더 나아가서 인간적인 도시, 경쟁력 있는 도시를 만드는 일에 크게 기여할 것이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.402-408
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• 2010

21세기에, 사람들은 심리적, 사회적, 환경적 자극에 의해 많은 스트레스를 경험한다. 스트레스가 지나치면 문제가 될 수 있고 결국 질병을 불러오게 된다. 족욕은 발부터 몸을 따뜻하게 해주고 혈액순환과 자율신경계를 조절한다. 이 연구는 아로마 오일과 발효추출물과 함께 족욕이 입시를 준비하는 수험생의 스트레스와 피로에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 실험기간은 2009년 3월 30일부터 4월 18일까지 20일간 천안 C여고 고3 수험생을 대상으로 싸주아리쑥 발효추출물 입욕제를 넣은 족욕 그룹 실험군 1과 아로마 오일 중 그레이프프루트, 사이프러스, 시더우드를 블렌딩한 족욕 그룹 실험군 2, 무 처치를 한 족욕 그룹 대조군으로 나누워 각각 7명씩 연구 대상자로 선정하였다. 신체적, 심리적 스트레스의 차이는 발효추출물군의 경우 1.23, 1.09의 감소효과가 있었고, 아로마군의 경우 0.71, 0.63의 감소효과가 있었으나 대조군의 경우 0.03, 0.02의 감소효과를 나타내어 발효추출물이나 아로마를 통한 족욕이 대조군에 비해 신체적 스트레스가 낮게 나타났다(p<.01). 피로도의 차이는 발효추출물군의 경우 1.27의 감소효과가 있었고, 아로마군의 경우 0.77의 감소효과가 있었으나 대조군의 경우 0.03의 감소효과를 나타내어 본 연구에서 적용한 발효추출물이나 아로마를 통한 족욕이 대조군에 비해 피로도가 낮게 나타났다(p<.01). 발효추출물군(M=3.71)의 경우 족욕 후 만족도가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났고, 아로마군(M=3.28), 대조군(M=2.22)순으로 나타났으며, Duncan의 사후검정결과 실험군과 대조군간 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 볼 수 있다(p<.01). 이상의 연구결과를 통해 볼 때, 입욕제에 따른 족욕이 입시로 인한 스트레스, 피로도 감소에 매우 효과적인 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 1981

This survey was made to determine the overall health situation on (1) the status of sickness; (2) the medical care utilization; (3) the medical cost in Mi-Kum Myun, Nam Yang Ju Gun, Kyung-Gi Do. The survey with questionnaire was carried out with 2,840 peoples in 560 households from August 9th to 16th, 1979. The findings from the survey were as follows; 1. Annual morbidity rate of the prolonged ill cases was 97.2 per 1,000 population (male 94.7, female 99.6), The highest age specific morbidity rate was 274.5 of the 45-to 64-year group and the lowest was 21.9 of the 5-to 14-year group. 2. Annual morbidity rate of the new patients was 777.5 per 1,000 population(male 644.5, female 909.5). 3. The chief complaints distribution of the prolonged ill cases was: local pain 36.6%, indigestion 22.4%, and coughing 7.3%, respectively, In terms of age and sex distribution, a large number of female of the 45-to 64-year group complained of local pain or general pain and a large number of both sexes of the 25-to 44-year group complaned of indigestion. 4. The major diseases of the new patients which classified with International Classfication of Diseases (I.C.D.) were disease of the respiratory system, disease of the digestive system, and disease of the musculo-skeletal system and connective tissue for male, disease of the respiratory system, disease of the digestive system, and accident, poisoning, violence for female. 5. Total ill days of the 92 new patients were 536 days and average ill days per case were $6{\pm}38.3$ days. 6. The rate of receiving treatment in the prolonged ill cases was 82.2%(medical facilities 46.4%, drug stores 27.5%, herb medicine 8.3%). 7. The rate of receiving treatment by first choice of the new patients was 88.0% (drug stores 57.%, medical facilities 28.2%, and herb medicine 2.2%), and the rate of receiving treatment by second choice was 30.9% of first treatment cases (medical facilities 44.0%, drug store 44.0% and herb meicine 12.0%). 8. Annual hospitalization rate per 1,000 population was 12.0 (male 12.0, female 11.9). 9. The locations of medical facilities utilized by out-patients were: in the prolonged ill cases Seoul or other places 66.4%, Nam Yang Ju Gun 33.6%, in cases of the new patients Seoul or other places 35.1% and Nam Yang Ju Gun 64.9% respectively. 10. The satisfaction rate of the new patients by mode of receiving treatment was: in cases of primary utilization by first choice herb medicine 100.0%, medical facilities 88.5%, and drug stores 69.8%, in cases of secondary utilization medical facilities 100.0%, herb medicine 100.0%, and drug stores 72.7% respectively. 11. The medical cost per utilized facilities was as follows; in average medical fee per case out-patient 8.947 won, in-patient 266,000 won, drug stores 1,532 won, and herb medicine 15,607 won, in average medical fee per day out-patient 4,829 won, in patient 14,178 won, drug stores 891 won, and herb medicine 4,906 won respectively. 12. The sources of the hospital charges paid out were: there own expense 50.0%, debt 35.3%, and security of medical care 14.7% respectively.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.330-338
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• 2012

본 연구는 서울 및 경기지역 식육판매업소의 종사자 271명을 대상으로 HACCP 지정업소 119명과 HACCP 미지정업소 152명에게 축산물 HACCP 제도 요구도에 관한 설문을 의뢰하였다. 설문지는 일반사항과 HACCP 및 축산물안전관리 요구도로 구분하였으며, 평가한 내용을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 조사대상자의 70.8%는 남성이었고, 연령은 30대가 35.1%,40대가 31.4%로 나타났다. 종사경력은 3년 미만이 28.0%였으며, 10년 초과는 26.6%로 나타났다. 직위는 사원이52.0%로 가장 많았고, 소득은 100-150만원 이하가 32.8%,150-250만원 이하가 31.7%를 차지하였다. 학력은 고등학교 졸업이 64.9%로 많은 분포를 나타냈으며, 계약상태는 정규직이 62.4%로 많았고, 근무시간은 60시간 초과가 48.4%를 차지하였다.HACCP 및 축산물 안전관리 요구도의 요인분석 결과HACCP 및 축산물 안전관리 요구도 속성들은 HACCP 지원, HACCP 홍보 및 교육, 축산물 안전관리의 3가지 요인으로 분류되었으며, 전체업소에서 HACCP 지원요인이 3.91점으로 HACCP 홍보 및 교육요인의 3.83점과 축산물 안전관리요인의 3.72점보다 요구도 점수가 높게 나타났다.HACCP 지정여부에 따른 HACCP 요구도의 차이를 분석한 결과, HACCP 지정업소(4.11점)가 HACCP 미지정업소(3.57점)보다 높게 조사되었으며, 항목분석 결과, HACCP지정업소는 '정부의 대국민 축산물 HACCP 홍보'(4.35점,p<0.001) 항목이, HACCP 미지정업소는 'HACCP 지정을 위한 정부의 투자지원'(3.79점, p<0.05) 항목이 요구도 문항 중 가장 높게 나타나 이에 대한 관심이 높은 것으로 간주되었다. 요구도 요인별로 살펴보면 HACCP 지원 요구도 요인의 경우, 가장 높은 점수를 보인 항목은 'HACCP지정을 위한 정부의 투자지원'으로 HACCP 지정업소(4.18점)가, HACCP 미지정업소(3.79점) 보다 유의적으로 더 높은 요구도를 보였으며(p<0.01), HACCP 홍보 및 교육 요구도 요인의 경우, 요구도가 가장 높은 항목은 '정부의 대국민 축산물 HACCP 홍보' 항목으로 HACCP 지정업소(4.35점)가 HACCP 미지정업소(3.75점)에 비해 더 높게 나타나(p<0.01) 이에 대한 관심도가 높은 것으로 간주되었다. 축산물 안전관리 요구도 요인의 경우, 요구도가 가장 높은 항목은 '축산물 유해 잔류물질의 검사의 강화'로HACCP 지정업소(4.14점)가 HACCP 미지정업소(3.53점)에 비해 더 높은 점수를 나타내 관심도가 높았다(p<0.001).한편, 축산물 HACCP 및 축산물 안전관리에 대한 관심은 연령이 적고 법적 근로시간을 준수하는 학력이 높은 중간관리자 집단에서 높게 나타난 바, 축산물 HACCP을 위한 교육매체 개발이나 교육대상자 교육 시 고려해야 할 요인으로 간주되었다. 이상의 결과에 의하면, 안전한 식품 소비를 위해서는 여러 전문가들이(Choe et al., 2004; Kim et al., 2002; Namet al., 2007) 식품안전 및 위생과 관련한 정부의 시책 강화와 식품가공업자 및 유통업자의 적극적인 노력이 필요하다고 역설한 바와 같이, HACCP 지원에 대한 정부의 관심을 고취시키고 식육판매업소 종사자들에게 다양한 방법으로 적극적인 HACCP 홍보 및 교육을 실시하면, 이들의 축산물 HACCP 및 축산물 안전관리 행동과 위생이 향상됨과 동시에 최종 소비자에게 전달 될 때까지 식육의 안전성이 훨씬 확보될 것으로 사료되었다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.21-36
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• 1983

It is assumed that menarche is affected not only by the biological factors such as nutrition and genetic heritage, but also it is affected by other socio-cultural environmental factors including weather, geographic location, education and level of modernization. Also recent trend of menarche in Korea indicates that a lot of discussion are being generated to the need of sex education as a part of formal school education. The purpose of this study is to develop the school health education program by determine the age of menarche, the factors relavant to time of menarche and psycho-mental state of students at the time in menarche and investigate the present state of school health education relate to menarche of adolescents. The total number of 732 girls was drown from first, second and third grades of 4 middle schools in Seoul. For the data collection the survey was conducted during the period from May 1 to May 20, 1982 by using prepared questionair. The major results are summarized as follow; 1. Mean age at menarche and the percent distribution of menarche experienced. It was observed that about 68.7% of sampled students have been experienced menarche at the time interviewed. For the each group, age at menarche is revealed that among the students about 37.8% are experienced menarche for under 12 years old group, 62.1% for 13 year-old group, 80.6％ for 14 year-old group and 95.5% for over 15 years old. In sum it was found that the mean age at menarche was 12.3 years old, ranged from age at 10 as earlist the age at 15 as latest. 2. Variables associated with age at menarche. 1) There was tendency those student who belong to upper class economic status have had menarche earlier than those student who belong to lower class. Therefore, economic status is closely related to age at menarche. 2) In time of mother's education level, it is also found that those students whose mother's education levels from high school and college are experienced menarche earlier than those students whose mother's education levels from primary school and no-education. 3) However, in connection with home discipline, there was no significant relationship between age at menarche and home disciplines which are being treated "Rigid", "Moderated ", "Indifferent". 4) Degree of communication between parents and daughter about sex matters was found to be associated each others in determination of age at menarche. 5) It was found that high association between mother's menarche age and their daughter's menarche age was observed. Mother's age at menarche earlier trend to be shown also as earlier of their daughters. 6) Those students belong to "D & E" of physical substantiality index are trend to be earlier in menarche than those students in the index "A & B". 3. Psycho-mental state at the time of menarche. Out of the total students 68.2% had at least one or more than one of subjective symptoms. Shyness was shown as most higher prevalent symptom and others are fear, emotional instability, unpleasant feeling, depression, radical behavior, inferior complex and satisfaction appeared. Very few cases are appeared be guilty and stealing feeling. 4. The present status of school health education program related to menarche. As to the source of information about menarche, teacher was a main source with average index 5.88 and the other informants were mother & family member, friends, books and magagines, movies, television, and radio. For the problem solving at menarche, mother & family members were subject to discussion with an average index 6.02 as high. The others for discuss and knowledge about menarche were books, magagine, friends, teachers, and self-learning based on own experienced. The time of learning about menarche, it was learned as highest percentage with 43.2% at a 6 grades of primary school, middle school with 34.4%, 5 grade of primary school with 18.2%, and 4 grade of primary school with 4.0% respectively.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2015

본 연구는 치위생과 졸업예정자들의 직업의식 및 취업가치관에 관련된 현황을 조사함으로써 학생들의 진로, 취업준비에 관한 이해를 도울 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 대학이나 기관에서 보다 효과적인 진로지도 및 취업지도를 실시하기 위한 정보로 활용하고자 실시하였다. 연구 대상자의 직업의식으로는 전문직종에 관한 질문에는 '구강보건향상의 일익을 담당하는 직업이다', 학술관련으로는 '치석제거는 치과의사보다 더 잘해야 한다고 생각한다'가 가장 높게 나타났고, 대인관계 부분에서는 '동료와의 화목은 업무효율성과 밀접한 관계가 있다', 근로윤리에서는 '치과병(의)원 발전과 치과위생사 발전은 관련성이 있다고 생각한다.'가 높게 나왔다. 취업가치관으로 치과위생사의 직업전망은 조금 발전적이다 55.2%, 지금과 차이가 없을 것이다 27.4% 순으로 나타났으며, 취업희망기관으로는 치과병원 43.2%, 치과의원 24.3% 순으로 나타났다. 전공분야로 취업을 원하는 경우 90.5%, 아직 고민 중으로 답한 경우 9.5%이고, 전공분야로 취업을 원하는 이유로는 보수와 근로환경이 좋다고 생각한다. 24.0%, 치과위생사의 장래성이 밝기 때문 22.1% 순으로 나타났다. 전공분야로 취업을 고민 하는 이유로는 적성과 흥미에 맞지 않아서 5.4%, 보수와 근로환경이 열악해서 1.9% 순으로 나타났다. 연구대상자의 전공만족도가 높을수록 직업의식 부분에서 전문직종의식과 근로윤리의식에서 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났고(p<0.05), 직업의식의 영역간 상관관계를 살펴본 결과 모두 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계(p<0.01)로 나타나 네 가지 유형 중 어느 한 가지의 특성이 높으면 다른 특성들도 모두 높으며, 전반적인 직업의식 또한 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결과에 따라 전공시간에 전문직 태도 및 직무를 효율적으로 수행하여야 하며 확대된 역할을 수행하기 위해서는 좀 더 적극적이고 긍정적인 마음가짐이 필요하다는 것이 습득되었고, 자신의 업무는 사회적으로 중요한 역할이라는 인식이 고취될 수 있는 교육과정이 필요하며, 인문학적 소양을 키울 수 있는 교육과정 등이 이루어져야 할 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제80권1호
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• pp.32-41
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• 1991

우리나라 대표적(代表的)인 산악형국립공원(山岳型國立公園)이라 할 수 있는 지리산(智異山) 산림(山林)의 시각자원(視覺資源)을 대상(對象)으로 시각자원관리(視覺資源管理)를 위한 객관화(客觀化)된 정량적(定量的)인 기초자료(基礎資料)를 제시(提示)하는 것을 목적(目的)으로 설정(設定)된 가설(假設)과 실험(實驗)에 의한 검증과정(檢證過程)을 실시(實施)하였다. 심리량분석(心理量分析)을 위해 S.D Scale 측정(測定)에 의한 공간(空間)의 이미지구조(構造)를 인자분석(因子分析) Algorithm을 통(通)하여 밝혔으며 시각적(視覺的) 선호도(選好度) 측정(測定)을 실시(實施)하여 결정인자추출(決定因子抽出)과 각(各) 인자(因子) 상호간(相互間) 상대적(相對的) 중요성(重要性)을 구명(究明)하였다. 국립공원(國立公園)의 자연경관(自然景觀)과 융화(融和)를 전제(前提)로 한 수림(樹林), 하늘, 수면(水面), 기암괴석(奇岩怪石) 등(等)의 자연요소(自然要素)와 사찰건물(寺刹建物) 등(等)의 요소(要素)를 지닌 시각요소(視覺要素)가 긍정적(肯定的)으로 높게 나타날 수 있도록 대상지향성(對象志向性)과 형수성(亨受性)을 높일 수 있는 체험(體驗)의 장(場)을 이루게 하여 경관적(景觀的) 가치(價値)를 높이며, 인공구조물(人工構造物) 요소(要素)에 대(對)한 보다 계획적(計劃的)이고 체계적(體系的)인 설치(設置) 등(等)의 시각자원관리(視覺資源管理) 기법(技法)이 필요(必要)하다 하겠다. 자연경관내(自然景觀內) 인위적(人爲的) 이질요소(異質要素)가 보완적(補完的), 융합적(融合的)으로 작용(作用)하는 공간(空間)에서는 시각적(視覺的) 표현(表現)의 다양성(多樣性)과 양감적(量感的) 요소(要素) 및 주변경관(周邊景觀)과 일관(一貫)된 맥락(脈絡)을 유지(維持)하는 분배(分配)와 연결(連結)의 상호(相互) 관계(關係)를 고려(考慮)하여 도입(導入)한다. 또한 자연(自然)과 인공(人工)의 균형(均衡)이 고려(考慮)되는 시각적(視覺的) 연속성(連續性), 구조물(構造物)의 형태적(形態的) 간결성(簡潔性), 동화성(同化性), 강조성(强調性), 이질요소(異質要素)의 통일성(統一性) 및 비례(比例) 등의 배열미(配列美)에 대(對)한 종합적(綜合的)인 기준설정(基準設定)이 요구(要求)된다 하겠다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.64-87
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is aimed to grasp the factors, which may influence the harmonized organizational efficiency of the objects of hospital structure as well as its structural constituents of each departments of administration, nursing, and para-medical personnels, in order to provide basic data enable to contribute in the development of hospital. The survey data involved in the study was derived from 385 personnels working in 5 medium and small sized hospitals in Seoul area. The main finding of the study can be summarized as follows; 1. The organizational efficiency in accordance with the general characteristics of subjects in order of male, over 30 years of age, university graduates, long-term tenure and high position is higher, whereas, in as much as wage and well trained personnels in administration departments are higher, its organizational efficiency is higher in comparison with those of nursing and para-medical departments. 2. The organizational efficiency in accordance with satisfaction and the motive contributional factors is higher as much as the high satisfactory level in every departments in general. 3. The organizational efficiency in accordance with the factors of job characteristics is higher in as much as difficulty of the jobs is lesser, however there was not statically significance between administration and para-medical departments. In as much as the job circulation is intact, job standard level is higher and the more job responsibility the higher organizational efficiency, while the more workload and the more work feud resulted lower organizational efficiency. It was obvious that the higher professional expertise as well as the training and application level are improving the organizational efficiency. 4. The organizational efficiency in accordance with the factors of structural characteristics was higher in as much as the intercommunication was smooth and the structural formalization level are higher, however there was not statically significance between the participation level of decision making and the organizational efficiency. 5. In as much as higher educational level of over university graduates, management of organization and the job level are satisfied, the psychological motive contributional level is higher, while the lesser job difficulty, the smooth job performance, the higher level of professional expertise, the higher structural formalization level, the smooth intercommunication, have affected as major influence factors of the structural characteristics of organizational efficiency. 6. As the management of hospital organization, the job level and personal relation are satisfied or psychological motive is provided, especially when there are no difficult jobs or smooth job circulation and no job feud are prevailing, it was apparent that the organizational efficiency is improving accordingly. The nursing departments has high educational standard and is satisfied in the management and job level of hospital organization as there are no difficult jobs while the level of hospital's organizational formality is high and the intercommunication is smooth, which are improving the organizational efficiency. The para-medical departments is also satisfied the management and job level of hospital organization and it was apparent that the organizational efficiency is higher in as much as the level of job standardization is high and the intercommunication is smooth. As a result of this study, in order for improving the organizational efficiency of the medium and small sized hospitals, the management and job level as well as personal relation are preferably satisfied, whereas the level of job circulation, job responsibility, the expertise and formalization of organization, intercommunication and etc. should be satisfied, and, therefore, it is advisable to buildup discriminated organizational management and environment for different division on the basis above factors. Since this study is carried on several hospitals in Seoul area, there is a certain limit to generalize its result to all domestic hospitals, nevertheless the gallop poll was made by developing the questionnaires with reasonability and reliability. Especially, as the study was carried by analyzing the comparison of influence factors' difference of organizational efficiency in accordance with the divisional characteristics of the medium and small sized hospitals.