• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.75-91
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• 2022

This paper aims to show how to use several Machine Learning (ML) methods to estimate the TBM penetration rate systematically (TBM-PR). To this end, 1125 datasets including uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Brazilian tensile strength (BTS), punch slope index (PSI), distance between the planes of weakness (DPW), orientation of discontinuities (alpha angle-α), rock fracture class (RFC), and actual/measured TBM-PRs were established. To evaluate the ML methods' ability to perform, the 5-fold cross-validation was taken into consideration. Eventually, comparing the ML outcomes and the TBM monitoring data indicated that the ML methods have a very good potential ability in the prediction of TBM-PR. However, the long short-term memory model with a correlation coefficient of 0.9932 and a route mean square error of 2.68E-6 outperformed the remaining six ML algorithms. The backward selection method showed that PSI and RFC were more and less significant parameters on the TBM-PR compared to the others.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
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• 한국자기학회 2016년도 임시총회 및 하계학술연구발표회
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• pp.4-4
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• 2016

• 생약학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.264-267
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• 2000

Anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type I protease (PR) and anti-lipid peroxidation effects on Rosa davurica were investigated. Of the various parts tested from R. davurica, the water extracts of stem and leaves inhibited the HIV-1 PR activity by more than 45% at a concentration of $100\;{mu}g/mL$. Hyperoside from the percarp of title plant showed 25% inhibition on HIV-1 PR at $200\;{mu}M$. The methanol extract of the root of R. davurica reduced the level of lipid peroxides induced by bromobenzene in vivo.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.386-390
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• 2013

This paper studies the effects of A-site substitution by barium on the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of $Pr_{0.5}Sr_{0.5-x}Ba_{x}MnO_{3}$ (x = 0, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.1). The tetragonal crystal structures of the samples are confirmed by room temperature X-ray diffraction. The dependence of the Curie temperature ($T_C$) and the magnetic entropy change (${\Delta}S_M$) on the Ba doping content has been investigated. The samples of all doping contents undergo the second order phase transition. As the concentration of Ba increased, the maximum entropy change ($|{\Delta}S_M|_{max}$) increased gradually, from 1.15 J $kg^{-1}$ $K^{-1}$ (x = 0) to 1.36 J $kg^{-1}$ $K^{-1}$ (x = 0.1), in a magnetic field change of 1.5 T. The measured value of $T_C$ is 265 K, 275 K, 260 K and 250 K for x = 0, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.1, respectively. If combining these samples for magnetic refrigeration, the temperature range of ~220 K and 290 K, where |${\Delta}S_M$|max is stable at ~1.27 J $kg^{-1}$ $K^{-1}$ and RCP = 88.9 $J{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ for ${\Delta}H$ = 1.5 T. $Pr_{0.5}Sr_{0.5-x}Ba_{x}MnO_{3}$ compounds, are expected to be suitable for magnetic-refrigeration application due to these magnetic properties.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2012

Objectives : Allergy has been described as an inflammatory with hypersensitivity resulting from seasonal or perennial responses to specific allergens. The root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC.(Platycodi Radix; Campanulaceae) has been traditionally used to treat chronic diseases such as bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, inflammation and hyperlipidemia. In this study, we examined the effect of 70% ethanol extract of Platycodi Radix (PR-E) on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation in mice. Methods : Mice were sensitized and challenged by OVA inhalation to induced chronic airway inflammation, and then were intragastrically administered PR-E extract at doses of 50 and 200 mg/kg/day from days 21 to 30 consecutively. The levels of allergic mediators such as histamine, OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E, and cytokines such as IL-4 and IFN-${\gamma}$ were measured in the sera of mice by ELISA. The histological change of lung tissue was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results : PR-E extract significantly decreased the serum levels of histamine, OVA-specific IgE, and Th2 cytokine, IL-4 compared with those in the OVA-induced group. PE-E extract significantly increased the serum level of Th1 cytokine, IFN-${\gamma}$. Based on lung histopathological studies, inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus hypersecretion were inhibited by PE-E extract administration compared to that in the OVA-induced group. Conclusions : These findings indicate that PE-E extract may be useful as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of bronchial asthma.

• 폴리머
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.366-371
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• 2008

The controlled/living cationic polymerization of $\alpha$-methylstyrene (${\alpha}MeSt$) and sequential block copolymerization of isobutylene (IB) with ${\alpha}MeSt$ were achieved using 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane (TMPCl)/titanium tetrachloride ($TiCl_4$)/titanium isopropoxide ($Ti(OiPr)_4$)/2,6-ditert-butylpyridine (DtBP) initiating system in $CH_3Cl$/hexane(50/50 v/v) solvent mixture at $-80^{\circ}C$. The polymerization rate decreased with increasing $[Ti(OiPr)_4]/[TiCl_4]$ ratio in the homopolymerization of ${\alpha}MeSt$. The effects of $[Ti(OiPr)_4]/[TiCl_4]$ ratios and $PIB^+$ molecular weight on the polymerization rate and blocking efficiency were also investigated. Well-defined poly(isobutylene-b-$\alpha$-methylstyrene)s were demonstrated by $^1H$-NMR and triple detection SEC; refractive index (RI), multiangle laser light scattering (MALLS) and ultraviolet (UV) detectors. Blocking efficiencies for the poly(isobutylene-b-$\alpha$-methylstyrene)s of almost 100% were obtained when ${\alpha}MeSt$ was induced by PIB's of $M_n\;{\geq}\;41000$ at $[Ti(OiPr)_4]/[TiCl_4]=1$. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the block copolymers showed two glass transition temperatures, thereby demonstrating microphase separation.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.232-239
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• 2007

$HrpN_{EP}$, from the gram-negative pathogen, Erwinia pyrifoliae, is a member of the harpin group of proteins, inducing pathogen resistance and hypersensitive cell death in plants. When the $hrpN_{EP}$ gene driven by the OsCc1 promoter was introduced into tobacco plants via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, their resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea, increased. Resistance to B. cinerea was correlated with enhanced induction of SA-dependent genes such as PR-1a, PR2, PR3 and Chia5, of JA-dependent genes such as PR-1b, and of genes related to ethylene production, such as NT-EFE26, NT-1A1C, DS321, NT-ACS1 and NT-ACS2. However the expression of NPR1, which is thought to be essential for multiple-resistance, did not increase. Since the pattern of expression of defense-related genes in $hrpN_{EP}$-expressing tobacco differed from that in plants expressing $hpaG_{Xoo}$ from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae, these results suggest that different harpins can affect the expression of different defense-related genes, as well as resistance to different plant pathogens.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.482-487
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• 2019

Background: The mixed-cultivation of different Panax ginseng cultivars can cause adverse effects on stability of yield and quality. K-1 is a superior cultivar with good root shape and stronger disease resistance. DNA markers mined from functional genes are clearly desirable for K-1, as they may associate with major traits and can be used for marker-assisted selection to maintain the high quality of Korean ginseng. Methods: Five genes encoding pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins of P. ginseng were amplified and compared for polymorphism mining. Primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of PR5 protein were analyzed by ExPASy-ProtParam, PSSpred, and I-TASSER methods, respectively. A coding single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based specific primer was designed for K-1 by introducing a destabilizing mismatch within the 3' end. Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time allele-specific PCR assays were conducted for molecular discrimination of K-1 from other cultivars and landraces. Results: A coding SNP leading to the modification of amino acid residue from aspartic acid to asparagine was exploited in PR5 gene of K-1 cultivar. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the modification of amino acid residue changed the secondary and tertiary structures of the PR5 protein. Primer KSR was designed for specific discrimination of K-1 from other ginseng cultivars and landraces. The developed real-time allele-specific PCR assay enabled easier automation and accurate genotyping of K-1 from a large number of ginseng samples. Conclusion: The SNP marker and the developed real-time allele-specific PCR assay will be useful not only for marker-assisted selection of K-1 cultivar but also for quality control in breeding and seed programs of P. ginseng.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.244-250
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• 2000

목적 : 국소 진행된 하인두암에서 선행 항암화학요법과 방사선치료를 시행했을 때 결과와 각 치료법에 대한 반응이 생존율에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 :국소 진행된 하인두암으로 진단받고 선행 항암화학요법과 방사선치료를 받은 32명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적 분석을 실시하였다. 방사선치료는 일일 선량 1.75$\~$2.0 Gy를 하루 1회, 주 5회 조사하였다. 총 방사선량은 60.8$\~$73.8 Gy (평균선량 68.6 Gy) 이었다. 선행 항암화학요법은 29명의 환자에서 5-FU와 cisplatin을 병용했고 나머지 환자들에서는 cisplatin을 기본으로 하여 bleomycin또는 vinblastin을 병용 투여했다. 24명(75$\%$)의 환자에서 3주 간격으로 3회의 선행 항암화학요법을 모두 시행하였고, 6명에서 2회, 2명에서 1회의 항암화학요법을 시행하였다. 결과 : 추적관찰기간은 7개월에서 134개월이었고 중앙값은 28개월이었다. 전체 대상환자들의 2년 및 5년 생존율은 각각 66$\%$, 43$\%$였고, 5년 국소제어생존율은 34$\%$였다. 12명(38$\%$)의 환자에서 5년 이상 후두가 보존되었다. 전체32명의 환자 중 선행 항암화학요법 후에 5명(16$\%$)에서 완전관해를 보였고, 19명(59$\%$)에서 부분관해, 8명(25$\%$)의 환자에서 무반응을 보여 반응률은 75$\%$였다. 부분관해를 보인 19명 가운데 8명은 방사선치료 후에 완전관해를 보였다. 선행 항암화학요법에 대해 무반응이었던 8명 중 2명은 방사선치료 후에 완전관해를 보였고, 나머지 6명은 부분관해를 보였다. 모든 치료가 종료한 후 무반응인 환자는 한 명도 없었다. 선행 항암화학요법에 대해서 완전관해, 부분 관해, 무반응을 보인 환자군별로 5년 생존율은 각각 60$\%$, 35.1$\%$, 50$\%$였다. 세 군간에 5년 생존율을 비교했을 때 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p=0.93). 모든 치료가 끝난 후에 완전관해를 보인 환자군과 부분관해를 보인 환자군의 5년 생존율은 각각 73.3$\%$, 14.7$\%$로 통계학적으로 의미있는 차이를 보였다(p<0,01). 생존율에 영향을 미치는 예후인자에 대한 분석을 실시했을 때, 통계학적으로 유의성이 있었던 요인은 방사선 치료 후 최종 치료반응이었다(CR vs. PR, p<0.01). 결론 : 국소로 진행된 하인두암의 치료에 있어서 본 연구에서는 선행 항암화학요법에 대한 반응과 장기 생존율간에 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났고, 방사선치료 후 최종 치료 반응이 장기 생존율에 가장 중요한 예후 인자였다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.104-111
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• 1997

The traditional herbal medicine, Jackyakgamcho-tang(JGT), was reported to decrease serum testosterone levels and make pregnancy possibel in anovulatory woman and rat. JGT contains Paeoniae Radix(PR) and Glycyrrhizae Radix(GR) in equal amount. This study was designed to investigate the effect of JGT and its components(PR, GR, paeoniflorin and glycyrrhizin) on uterine and ovarian responses, follicular development, and estrogen secretion in the immature rat. The samples(water extracts of JGT, PR, GR; pure compound of paeoniflorin and glycyrrhizin) were administered orally to rats from the 21th day of age to the 28th or 30th days of age for 7 or 9 days. JGT(400mg/kg) and PR(100mg/kg, 200mg/kg) treatments significantly increased serum estradiol above levels in control rats, but both GR and glycyrrhizin had no effect on this parameter. Gross observation and histological analysis revealed that an increased number of growing follicules was observed in the ovaries of JGT and PR treated rat. However the lutenized follicles and ova present in the oviducts were not observed in all rats except one treated with estrogen as a positive control. These results indicate that JGT stimulates the estrogen production and follicular maturation in the immature rat and PR is the main component to induce such reaction.