• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.276-286
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of self-efficacy and collective-efficacy on job stress in the nursing staff. Method: This study surveyed 160 nurses in three general hospitals in the Seoul and Gyung-gi province for two months starting in September 2004. The questionnaire consisted of 54 questions about job stress, 10 questions about self-efficacy, and 7 questions about collective-efficacy. The answers were on a scale rating of 5. The answer sheets were analyzed with descriptive statistics, the t-test, ANOVA, the tukey test, the Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression using SAS version 8.2. Result: The average job stress rating of the nurses was 3.11. The average self-efficacy and the average collective-efficacy were 3.41 and 3.39, respectively. The age, working department, income level, shift-work and hospital have influence on job stress. Efficacies such that self-efficacy and collective-efficacy have influence on job stress. The much efficacy makes the less job stress. The stepwise multiple regression revealed that the significant predictor of job stress was working department and hospital. Conclusion: This study showed that collective-efficacy as well as self-efficacy reduces job stress, so nursing intervention methods should promote collective-efficacy. The collective-efficacy improvement program should be developed to improve job performance, to improve cohesion of nursing units, and to improve satisfaction on the job. The next research could be to develop collective-efficacy improvement programs for nursing units.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 1994

The National Park should be preserved as described in the regulation. However, the development has resulted in degrading the environment in the park. Especially, the collective facility area has been developed for the commercial benefit rather than for the preservation. So, it is necessary to figure out the impact of the development plan proposed. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the hydrologic effects due to the collective facility area development in the National Park. The study site is the second collective facility area of Mt. Kyeryong National Park. The analysis of hydrologic effects due to the development has been carried out using the GIS in this study. The Rational Method and Soil Conservation Service(SCS) were used to estimate the runoff volume. During this procedure, GIS software, ARC/INFO was used to integrate, manipulate, and calculate the attribute value of a number of ploygons which represen each land use characteristic. A program was written to compute the attribute value of each polygon and to estimate the difference of peaktime runoff volume before and after development.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제6권6호
• /
• pp.185-193
• /
• 2015

지혜 콘텐츠는 사람의 경험과 아이디어로 구성된다. 지혜 마켓은 [1] 지혜 콘텐츠를 거래하는 온라인 상거래 모델로 일반인들도 쉽게 경제 활동에 참여할 수 있다. 지혜 콘텐츠는 그 자체가 사람의 생각이기 때문에 유사하거나 중복된 콘텐츠가 많이 존재하게 된다. 기존의 저작권 보호 기법은 주로 원저자의 권리 보호에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 집단지성 콘텐츠는 여러 사람의 도움으로 만들어진 콘텐츠이기 때문에 개별 저작권을 통합 및 제거할 수 있는 동적인 저작권 보호 기법이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 집단지성 콘텐츠에 적합한 집단 저작권 인증 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 기법은 집단 저작권 등록, 추가 그리고 검증 프로토콜로 구성된다. 유사한 콘텐츠를 통합하거나 또는 개별 콘텐츠에 대한 집단 권리가 필요한 다양한 비즈니스 모델에 적용할 수 있다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.780-784
• /
• 2003

The collective electronic oscillator (CEO) method was developed by Mukamel and collaborators.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 1992, 69, 65; Science 1997, 277, 781] Recently Ⅰ have extended the CEO method to obtain the frequency dependent optical properties with all the contributing components. The brief introduction of the CEO fomalism and its recent applications to linear absorption and two-photon absorption (TPA) of conjugated organic molecules will be discussed. The size scaling of optical properties of polyenes and polyynes have studied by ab initio calculations, and this result is consistent with the coherence length of the time dependent densities to first ($ρ^(1)$) and second order ($ρ^(2)$) in the electric field obtained from the CEO method.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.450-459
• /
• 2004

본 논문은 이종 네트워크로 구성되어 통신 시간이 상대적으로 길며 또한 지연(delay)이 일정하지 않은 그리드 환경에서 사용되는 MPI의 집합 통신(collective communication)에 관한 연구이다. 일반적으로 효과적인 집합통신에 있어서는 네트워크 정보를 이용한 통신 스케줄을 작성하고 이것에 따라서 실제로 통신하는 전략을 선택하고 있다 전통적인 그리드 집합통신 방식에 있어서도 네트워크 정보가 정확하다는 가정 하에 동일한 접근방식으로 집합통신을 수행하고 있는 상황이다. 하지만 네트워크 환경이 쉽게 변하는 그리드 환경에 있어서는 네트워크 정보가 정확하지 않거나 네트워크 fault가 발생할 경우, 전통적인 방식의 집합 통신은 그 통신 성능이 급격히 감소할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 그리드에서 집합통신을 위한 스케줄링의 한 방법으로 TTCC(Two-Tree Collective Communication) 알고리즘을 제안한다. TTCC 알고리즘은 서로 다른 에지들로 구성된 두 개의 통신 트리를 이용해 불확실한 네트워크 상태에서도 효과적이고 신뢰성 있는 스케줄링을 제공할 수 있다. TTCC 알고리즘의 효과는 시뮬레이션을 통해 검증하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 지연(latency)이 커짐에 따라 나타날 수 있는 성능 감소량이 TTCC를 이용할 경우 종래의 스케줄링 알고리즘을 이용하는 것보다 우수한 것으로 판명되었다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.101-111
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the indiscriminate development occuring as a result of high-density land use per lot in residential areas of Seoul, which mainly consist of detached houses. The primary goals of this study were: (1) to suggest a block unit development method as an alternative architectural method of the current uniform development, in which high-rise and high-density apartments are usually built; and (2) to check the feasibility of the suggested method. Based on the analyses of the existing block composition types of residential areas, the prerequisite planning indices for applying a collective housing model were investigated. Subsequent to applying a collective housing type within each unit block, the collective housing model was analyzed. The results of the analyses showed that indiscriminate development was rampant in detached urban houses areas, and more than 70% of the buildings constructed before the 1980s needed re-development. The feasibility of the models was investigated depending on the models of low-rise and high-density collective housing, which utilize various block arrangements such as the court type, linear type, villa type, and composite type. The results of this study showed that the newly applied low-rise and highdensity multiple dwelling housing model in urban individual residential area significantly contributed to creating a good living environment in terms of both physical and psychological aspects.

• 한국병원경영학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.131-161
• /
• 1999

This study is to analyze the reason of Breakdown of collective bargaining caused by the difference of main issue about bargaining and other factors influencing collective bargaining from the viewpoint of both labor and capital in Korean medical system. Korean medical system is facing the huge change of medical policy, so it should pursue institutional change following the change of medical system, On the contrary, the activity of labor union in medical system is more organized, activated, so understanding and cooperating on the related policy between labor and management are necessary. As the method of administration participation is collective bargaining, main issues between labor and management may lead Brwakdown of bargaining, so the author will analyze it from three viewpoints. First, the difference of recognition between labor and management due to the characteristics of hospital Secondly, the difference of recognition between labor unions due to the characteristics of hospital Thirdly, the difference of recognition between the characteristics of hospital and labor union.

• 한국항행학회논문지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.183-190
• /
• 2010

P2P 커뮤니티는 자발적으로 생성 및 소멸될 수 있는데 이는 Peer의 자유로운 참여로 조성되는 네트워크라는 구조적인 특징에 기반 한다. P2P에는 사용자들이 원하는 자원들을 공유할 수도 있지만, Fake 콘텐츠들과 같은 공유를 원하지 않는 자원들도 많다. 이러한 Fake 콘텐츠들을 제거하기 위한 하나의 방법으로 P2P 환경에서의 집단 지성(Collective Intelligence)을 이용하는 방법을 제안하며, 평판 시스템의 장점에 대해 시뮬레이션을 수행한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제12권7호
• /
• pp.3128-3149
• /
• 2018

A number of effective methods for multiple-attribute group decision making (MAGDM) with interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IVIFNs) have been proposed in recent years. However, the different methods frequently yield different, even sometimes contradictory, results for the same problem. In this paper a novel criterion to determine the advantages and disadvantages of different methods is proposed. First, the decision-making process is divided into three parts: translation of experts' preferences, aggregation of experts' opinions, and comparison of the alternatives. Experts' preferences aggregation is considered the core step, and the quality of the collective matrix is considered the most important evaluation index for the aggregation methods. Then, methods to calculate the similarity measure, correlation, correlation coefficient, and energy of the intuitionistic fuzzy matrices are proposed, which are employed to evaluate the collective matrix. Thus, the optimal method can be selected by comparing the collective matrices when all the methods yield different results. Finally, a novel approach for aggregating experts' preferences with IVIFN is presented. In this approach, experts' preferences are mapped as points into two-dimensional planes, with the plant growth simulation algorithm (PGSA) being employed to calculate the optimal rally points, which are inversely mapped to IVIFNs to establish the collective matrix. In the study, four different methods are used to address one example problem to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.623-641
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 집합적 리더십(collective leadership)의 유효성을 검증하는데 그 목적이 있다. 구체적으로 집합적 리더십이 창의적 행동에 미치는 직접효과와 집합적 리더십과 창의적 행동간 조직기반 자긍심의 간접효과를 검증하고, 이러한 간접효과의 메커니즘이 심리적 안전감에 의해 조절되는 조건부 간접효과를 규명하고자 한다. 본 연구는 동일방법편의(common method bias) 문제점을 최소화하기 위해 직급과 함께 직무상황에서의 정서성(affectivity)을 통제변수로 사용하였다. 회수된 설문지 319부 중 부적절한 자료(univariate outliers) 10부를 제외한 309부가 분석에 사용되었다. 연구결과, 집합적 리더십은 구성원들의 창의적 행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤고, 조직기반 자긍심은 집합적 리더십과 창의적 행동과의 관계에서 부분매개 역할을 하였다. 또한, 심리적 안전감의 조건부 간접효과는 '매우 낮음', '낮음', '중간'의 세 단계를 제외한 '높음', '매우 높음'의 두 단계에서 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과가 함의하는 바는, 조직의 리더들이 집합적 리더십을 통해 구성원의 조직기반 자긍심과 창의적 행동을 촉진하는데 있어 심리적 안전감이 높아야 그 효과성이 커진다는 것이다.