• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.1632-1642
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• 2021

Objective: The hypothesis was that apparent ileal digestibility (AID), basal endogenous losses, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) are not affected by adding acid to collection containers or bags used to collect ileal digesta from pigs. Methods: Twenty-four growing barrows (initial body weight: 77.8±4.5 kg) that were fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were fed diets for three 7-d periods. An N-free diet and 3 diets containing corn, soybean meal, or wheat middlings as the sole source of AA were used. Within each period, each of the 4 diets were fed to 6 pigs. Among the 6 pigs, digesta from 3 pigs were collected in bags containing no HCl, whereas 40 mL of 3 N HCl was included in the bags used to collect digesta from the remaining 3 pigs. Every other bag collected from each pig was emptied into a container without adding HCl, whereas the remaining bags were added to a container along with 40 mL of 3 N HCl for each bag. All digesta were stored at -20℃ immediately after collection. Data were analyzed using a model that included feed ingredient, HCl in bags, HCl in containers, and all 2-way and 3-way interactions as fixed effects. No 3-way interactions were significant, and data were, therefore, reanalyzed independently for each diet as a 2×2 factorial. Results: There were no interactions between adding HCl to collection bags and to containers, and no effects of adding HCl to collection bags or containers for AID, basal endogenous losses, or SID of most AA were observed. Conclusion: It is not necessary to add acid to digesta collection bags or collection containers if ileal digesta are stored at -20℃ immediately after collection.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 1981

A total 2,488 ejaculates during 4 years from 80 Korean native bulls over the age from 3 to 12 years of bull herds of Artificial Breeding Center, National Livestock Federatives Cooperation were collected and analyzed to study the effects of collection year, age of bulls, month of years, collection interval and ejaculation frequency per day on semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm per ejaculate and sperm motility. 1. Semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm per ejaculate and sperm motility index for the all ejaculates using least squares procedure averaged 5.73ml, 9.133${\times}$108/ml, 52.527${\times}$108 and 62.81, respectively. 2. Semen volume varied significantly with collection year, collection interval and ejaculation frequency per day(P<0.01), but effects of age of bulls and month of years on semen volume were not significant. Eight to 15 days collection interval showed the highest volume, and 1st ejaculate contained 5.6% more volume than 2nd ejaculate. 3. There were significant differences among collection years, months of years and ejeculation frequencies per day except collection intervals in sperm concentration per ml(P<0.05, P<0.01). Six to 8-year-old bulls was the highest concentration. Higher sperm concentration per ml was in April to July and lower month was October and December. Sperm concentration in 2nd ejaculate was higher than in 1st ejaculate. 4. Total sperm per ejaculate affected by all environmental factors studied(P<0.05, P<0.01). Age of bulls, collection interval and ejaculation frequency per day showed the highest total sperm was 6 to 8-year-old bulls, 8 to 15 days interval and 1st ejaculate, respectively. Higher total sperm per ejaculate was in April to July and lower total sperm was in September to December. 5. In sperm motility, there were significant differences among collection years, ages of bulls and collection intervals except months of years and ejaculation frequencies (P<0.01). Higher sperm motility was in 6 to 12-year-old bulls and in 5 to 7 days collection interval.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.799-804
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• 1999

Particle collection characteristics of the MOUDI cascade impactor has been studied for coarse particles in the range of 2 to 20$mu extrm{m}$ in aerodynamic diameter. A vibrating orifice aerosol generator was empolyed to generate monodisperse test aerosols. The oleic acid and sodium chloride(NaCl) particles were used as test aerosols. Aluminum foil and Teflon filter were selected as impaction media. The sampling flow rate was changed from 25 to 35L/min. Particle collection efficiency for single stage was examined for liquid particles. The stage response was obtained experimentally for the cascade impactor composed of three stages and a backup filter. The results showed that most of particle collection efficiencies measured in this work are similar to the efficiency curves obtained by Marple et al.(1991). For particles less than cut-off size of the stage, the collection efficiencies of solid particles are similar to those of loquid particles. However, the collection efficiency of solid particles decreases with mereasing particle diameter for the particles greater than the actual cut-off size of the impactor. The particle collection efficiency increases with increasing sampling flow rate at the same particel size. However, the collection efficiency curves seem not to be greatly shifted with the flow rate. The stage responses obtained by direct measurements in this work are in good agreement with those derived from the collection efficiency curves for single stage.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.7-19
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• 2015

'Griffis Collection' is a collection of photographs of Japan and Korea in modern era, collected by William Elliot Griffis. Originally Mr. Griffis was studying about Japan when he developed an interest on Korea, and started to collect helpful materials he could find to study. Later days of Griffis' life, he donated his research to Rutgers University Library, and those materials were named and preserved as Griffis Collection. This paper is about photographs that illustrate modern Incheon and Hansung, and study them in order to discover how Korea's modern cities and architecture were formed and built. In total, there is four categorized chapters of photographs, and those are cities, public buildings, educational facilities and private buildings. In Griffis Collection, there are 23 photos those are relate to this paper's subject, but only 19 of them that has historic value has been covered in this paper. In results, all 19 photos were proved that they have significant information in terms of historic research of modern Korea and Korea's modern architectural stages.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.530-537
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• 2015

The wet electrostatic precipitator (wet ESP) is an effective control device which removes submicron particles reentrained in a collection plate and water soluble gas. However, its collection efficiency decreases, as its operation is subject to water-induced distortion of the collection electrode. In order to make up for the limitation, we modified the wet ESP system by installing electrosprayed discharge electrodes. The modified wet ESP system can wash both the collection plate and discharge electrode. As a result, we were able to fabricate a compact wet ESP with a small specific collecting area ($0.18m^2(m^3/min)$) that can accomplish a high collection efficiency of fine particles (97.1%). In addition, the device obtained a relatively low specific corona power of approximately $10W/(m^3/min)$.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.579-587
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• 2001

This study investigates particle collection characteristics of a cylindrical electrostatic precipitator. Experimental work has been made for the submicron particles. The effects of polarity of discharge electrode wire, particle diameter, gas velocity, gas temperature, and specific corona power on the particle collection efficiency are investigated. The efficiency of negative corona is higher than that of positive corona. as the particle diameter increases, the efficiency is decreased when the diameter is in the range of 0.02-0.6 micron, but is increased for the nanometer particles with diameter smaller than 0.02 micron. The efficiency is increased with increase of specific corona power. As the gas temperature increases, overall collection efficiency is increased for a negative corona, but is deceased for a positive corona.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.279-285
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• 2003

In an electric traction system in which power is supplied from a catenary via a pantograph, the mechanical design of the catenary and pantograph is clearly of importance in relation to the problem of current collection at high speed. A computer-simulation technique is used to study the effects of changing parameters of pantograph and catenary on the quality of current collection at high speed. The current collection system is evaluated on the basis of the contact-force variations and displacement responses of the pantograph and contact wire. This study shows that current-collection quality is determined primarily by the overhead line parameters rather than by the pantograph. The results can be applied to optimize the design of current-collection systems.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.570-576
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• 2000

The discharge and the collection efficiency characteristics of an electrostatic precipitator have been studied under various operating conditions. The specific resistivity of pulverized coal dust was about 1013∼1014[${\Omega}{\cdot}cm$] and reached the maximum value of 6${\times}$1013[${\Omega}{\cdot}cm$] at 150[$^{\circ}C$]. Back corona has been occurred as dust contents and gas temperature increase. In the case of back corona occurrence, collection effciency decreased rapidly. This problem has been solved by increasing moisture contents. Experimental results showed that collection efficiency of the full wave voltage was higher than that of the pulse wave voltage. The modification parameter k of the collection efficiency equation was about 0.42.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1373-1379
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the performance of the Ventilation hood and to make better oil collection for improvement. In order to complete the purpose, the research range has limited a kitchen cooking utensil used in preparing food in vessels. Assessment was carried out with reference(ASTM F1704-09) to the specification. Evaluation items of ventilation hood were flow visualization, oil collection rate and noise levels. When filter angle was 40 degrees, oil collection rate was increased by 9%.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.89-98
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• 2024

Due to the increase in population and consequently the increase in the production of plastic waste, recovery of this part of the waste is an undeniable necessity. On the other hand, the recycling of plastic waste, if it is placed in a systematic process and controlled, can be effective in creating jobs and maintaining environmental health. Waste collection in many large cities has become a major problem due to lack of proper planning with increasing waste from population accumulation and changing consumption patterns. Today, waste management is no longer limited to waste collection, but waste collection is one of the important areas of its management, i.e. training, segregation, collection, recycling and processing. In this study, a systematic method based on machine vision for sorting plastic bottles in different colors for recycling purposes will be proposed. In this method, image classification and segmentation techniques were presented to improve the performance of plastic bottle classification. Evaluation of the proposed method and comparison with previous works showed the proper performance of this method.