• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.131-137
• /
• 2017

A cyclone is an effective tool to facilitate the collection of aerosol particles without using filters, and in cell exposure studies is able to collect a sufficient amount of aerosol particles to evaluate their adverse health effect. In this study, we examined two different methods to improve the aerosol particle collection efficiency of a cyclone. The individual and combined effects of reducing the surface roughness of the inner wall of the cyclone and of using a circular cone attachment were tested. The collection efficiency of particles of diameter $0.2{\mu}m$ was improved by approximately 10% when using a cyclone with a smoothened inner wall (average roughness $Ra=0.08{\mu}m$) compared with the original cyclone ($Ra=5.1{\mu}m$). A circular cone attachment placed between the bottom section of the cyclone and the top section of a collection bottle, resulted in improved collection of smaller particles without the attachment. The 50% cutoff diameter of the modified cyclone (combined use of smoothened inner wall and attachment) was $0.23{\mu}m$ compared to $0.28{\mu}m$ in the original model. The combined use of these two techniques resulted in improved collection efficiency of aerosol particles.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.68-74
• /
• 1997

One hundred and eighty two lactic acid bacteria, isolated mainly from kimchi, including reference strains were examined for their ability to utilize 95 carbon sources. The test strains were assigned to 5 major, 1 minor and 12 single-membered clusters based on the $S_{SM}$, UPGMA algorithm (at similarity of $80{\%}$). These aggregate clusters were equivalent to the genus Leuconostoc (aggregate cluster M and N), the genus Lactobacillus (aggregate cluster Q and R), and the genera Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc (aggregate cluster O and P) according to the database of the Biolog system. This study demonstrates that rapid identification and classification of isolates originating from kimchi can be achieved on the basis of such carbon source utilization tests.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.196-199
• /
• 2006

Effects of various preservation periods and subcultures on fruiting body formation of Cordyceps militaris were investigated using EFCC C-10995 single ascospore strains. Fruiting body formation by original strains was profuse when preserved at $4^{\circ}C$ for $5{\sim}6$ months. Fruiting from subcultures was stable till second to sixth subcultures, after which it decreased sharply. The more the colony color of subcultures changed, the less the fruiting bodies formed. Liquid inoculum preparation of single ascospore strains in the same or separate broths did not affect fruiting body formation. Similarly, two strains C-10995-3 and C-10995-6 in different numbers during liquid inoculum preparation produced similar fruiting bodies.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.51 no.5
• /
• pp.288-299
• /
• 2023

Aspergillus is one of the largest and diverse genera of fungi with huge economical, biotechnological, and social significance. Taxonomically, Aspergillus is divided into six subgenera comprising 27 sections. In this study, 235 strains of Aspergillus subgenus Circumdati (section: Candidi, Circumdati, Flavi, Flavipedes, Nigri, and Terrei) preserved at the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC) were analyzed and re-identified using a combined dataset of partial b-tubulin (BenA), Calmodulin (CaM) gene sequences and morphological data. We confirmed nineteen species to be priorly reported in Korea (A. neotritici, A. terreus, A. floccosus, A. allahabadii, A. steynii, A. westerdijkiae, A. ochraceus, A. ostianus, A. sclerotiorum, A. luchuensis, A. tubingensis, A. niger, A. welwitschiae, A. japonicus, A. nomius, A. tamarii, A. parasiticus, A. flavi, and A. oryzae). Among the studied strains, three species (A. subalbidus, A. iizukae, and A. uvarum), previously unreported or not officially documented, were discovered in Korea, to the best of our knowledge. We have given a detailed description of the characteristic features of the three species, which remain uncharted in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.429-453
• /
• 2016

This study analyzes circulation patterns of books with checkout transaction count by 11 subject areas, 5 positions, and 5 divisions with a Use Factor developed by Bonn in an Academic Library. 20% of the loan books occupies more than half of circulation and these are regarded as core collection. It proposes a 'Loan books 20/50 rule' that 20% core collection accounts for 50% of its circulation. It analyzes the proportion of core collection from the aspect of each subject area with a use factor, monthly change trend and loan period. It also defines 'book usage' considering checkout frequency of each title and loan period. Circulation patterns of core collection are compared and analyzed in terms of both checkout frequency and book usage. Core collection occupies about more than half of both total checkout transactions and total book usages and they all show a Power Law distribution.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.188-206
• /
• 2001

In 1990's, many collections, showing trends of restoration, took the hippie fashion as their main theme. Therefore, this study investigates the aspects of the hippie trend focusing on style, materials, colors shown in Mlan Collection, New York Collection, London Collection, Paris Collection, Tokyo Woman's Collection, and street fashions. 1. In style, the collections and street fashions exhibited layered look. 2. In materials, natural fibers were preferred s in 1960's . 3. In colors, natural hues such as black, white, and brown were primarily used, whereas vivid colors were used as accent. 4. In patterns, floral patterns were most extensively used as the flower is the symbol of Hippie. Animal patterns were also used. 5. In accessories, the Indian bred, a symbolic accessory of Hippie, was used with various materials. The hippie fashion in 1990's appeared not s a total fashion, but as an ancillary associate has the role of accentuation like hair-style, make-up, acessaries, etc.

• Particle and aerosol research
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2012

In this study, the collection efficiency of inertial impactors was numerically simulated by employing the statistical Lagrangian particle tracking(SLPT) model. The SLPT model was proven to be correct in predicting the impactor collection efficiency, when the numerically obtained collection efficiencies were compared with the experimental data of Marple et al.(1987) at normal pressure level and the experimental data of $Marjam{\ddot{a}}ki$ et al.(2000) at low pressure level. Based on the validation results, balloon-borne impactors with the cut-off sizes of $1{\mu}m$, $2.5{\mu}m$, and $10{\mu}m$ were designed. Then, the sampling flowrates of the inertial impactors, required to keep the cut-off sizes constant at different pressures and temperatures, were estimated according to the altitude.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.125-131
• /
• 1993

Electrostatic Precipitator has been widely used to get high efficiency which is required for collection of fine particles. In order to provide collection efficiency and size distribution data for a pilot electrostatic precipitator, a pilot study has been conducted on fly ash from pulverized coal burning apparatus. The aims of this study are to investigate characteristics of electric charge, to measure collection efficiency varied with the applied voltage, to get an optimum current and current density. Optimum current density was obtained to 0.7mA/$cm^2$ at the average electric field strength 2.33kV/cm in this experiment. Maximum particle collection efficiency was indicated 99.21% at the applied voltage 7kV. Finally, particle size distribution is also compared with photographic results. Both coarse and fine particles at the range of 0.5$\sim$2$\mu$m and 3$\sim$10 SEM $\mu$m were clearly removed by increasing applied voltage.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.217-226
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of collection time on the physical characteristics, Nutritive value, digestibility and palatability in rice straw. Collection time of rice straw after the rice harvest was allocated into nine treatments: T1 (10 days), T2 (25 days), T3 (40 days), T4 (55 days), T5 (70 days), T6 (85 days), T7 (100 days), T8 (115 days) and T9 (130 days). The results are summarized as follow: Plant length, leaf length and green degree were decreased with prolonging collection time. Mold distribution and dry matter loss were increased with prolonging collection time. Crude protein and crude fat were decreased with prolonging collection time, crude fiber were increased with prolonging collection time. But crude ash showed multifarious. In situ dry matter digestibility was decreased with prolonging collection time. Palatability of Hanwoo, Holstein and deer was decreased with prolonging collection time. The results of this study indicate that good rice straw collection time would be recommendable during the from 10 days to 40 days after rice straw harvest.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.34 no.10
• /
• pp.1632-1642
• /
• 2021

Objective: The hypothesis was that apparent ileal digestibility (AID), basal endogenous losses, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) are not affected by adding acid to collection containers or bags used to collect ileal digesta from pigs. Methods: Twenty-four growing barrows (initial body weight: 77.8±4.5 kg) that were fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were fed diets for three 7-d periods. An N-free diet and 3 diets containing corn, soybean meal, or wheat middlings as the sole source of AA were used. Within each period, each of the 4 diets were fed to 6 pigs. Among the 6 pigs, digesta from 3 pigs were collected in bags containing no HCl, whereas 40 mL of 3 N HCl was included in the bags used to collect digesta from the remaining 3 pigs. Every other bag collected from each pig was emptied into a container without adding HCl, whereas the remaining bags were added to a container along with 40 mL of 3 N HCl for each bag. All digesta were stored at -20℃ immediately after collection. Data were analyzed using a model that included feed ingredient, HCl in bags, HCl in containers, and all 2-way and 3-way interactions as fixed effects. No 3-way interactions were significant, and data were, therefore, reanalyzed independently for each diet as a 2×2 factorial. Results: There were no interactions between adding HCl to collection bags and to containers, and no effects of adding HCl to collection bags or containers for AID, basal endogenous losses, or SID of most AA were observed. Conclusion: It is not necessary to add acid to digesta collection bags or collection containers if ileal digesta are stored at -20℃ immediately after collection.