• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.89-105
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• 2005

Objective & Methods : This study is performed to observe the effect of Herbal-acupuncture with Notopterygii Radix Herbal-Acupuncture Solution(NR-HAS) at Joksamni(ST36) on Collagen II-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1J mice. Result : 1. The highest survival rate of mice lung fibroblasts were measured in the 1% NR-HAS, and the expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ in synovial cells were significantly decreased in the 1% and 10% NR-HAS. 2. The incidence of arthritis and the spleen weight were significantly decreased by Notopterygii Radix Herbal-acupuncture(NR-HA) at ST36. 3. The levels of IL-6, $INF-{\gamma},\;TNF-{\alpha}$, IgG, IgM, anti-collagen II in serum of CIA mice were significantly decreased by NR-HA at ST36. 4. In histology, the cartilage destruction and synovial cell proliferation were decreased by NR-HA at ST36, and the collagen fiber expressions in the NR-HA I II groups were similar with that of the normal group. 5. In lymph node, the expression ratios of $CD3e^+\;to\;CD19^+$ cell and $CD4^+\;to\;CD8^+$ cell in the NR-HA I II groups were similarly maintained as those in the normal group. 6. In lymph node, $CD69^+/CD3e^+$ cells and $CD11a^+/CD19^+$ cells were decreased by NR-HA at ST36. 7. In the articular joint, $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cells were decreased by NR-HA at ST36. 8. NR-HA at ST36 did not make a considerable difference in DBA/1J mice without CIA 9. Throughout the overall experimental result, NR-HA I group showed more predominant effect than the NR-HA II group. Conclusion : These results suggest that NR-HA at ST36 has an effect to control synovial cell proliferation and cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis, as well as prophylaxis is important to treat rheumatoid arthritis in clinic.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book II
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• pp.108-109
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• 2003

Ursolic acid (UA) and Oleanolic acid (ONA), known as urson, micromerol, prunol and malol, are pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds which naturally occur in a large number of vegetarian foods, medicinal herbs, and plants. They may occur in their free acid form or as aglycones for triterpenoid saponins, which are comprised of a triterpenoid aglycone, linked to one or more sugar moieties. Therefore UA and ON A are similar in pharmacological activity. Lately scientific research, which led to the identification of UA and ONA, revealed that several pharmacological effects, such as antitumor, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-hyperlipidemic could be attributed to UA and ONA. Here, we introduced the effects of UA and ONA on acute barrier disruption and normal epidermal permeability barrier function. To clarify the effects of UA and ONA on skin barrier recovery, both flank skin of 8-12 weeks hairless mice were topically treated with samples (2mg/ml) after tape stripping, then measured recovery rate using TEWL on hairless mice. The recovery rate increased in UA and ONA treated groups at 6h more than 20% compared to vehicle treated group (p <0.05). For verifying the effects of UA and ONA on normal epidermal barrier, hydration and TEWL were measured for 1 and 3 weeks after UA and ONA applications (2mg/ml per day). We also investigated the features of epidermis and dermis using electron microscopy (EM) and light microscopy (LM). Both samples increased hydration compared to Vehicle group from 1 week without TEWL alteration (p<0.005). EM examination using Ru04 and OsO4 fixation revealed that secretion and numbers of lamellar bodies and complete formation of lipid bilayers were most prominent (ONA$\geq$UA>Vehicle). LM finding showed that stratum corneum was slightly increased and especially epidermal thickening and flattening was observed (UA>ONA>Vehicle). Using Masson-trichrome and elastic fiber staining, we observed collagen thickening and elastic fiber increasing by UA and ONA treatments. In vitro results of collagen and elastin synthesis and elastase inhibitory experiments were also confirmed in vivo findings. This result suggested that the effects of UA and ONA related to not only skin barrier but also collagen and elastic fibers. Taken together, UA and ONA can be relevant candidates to improve barrier function and pertinent agents for cosmetic applications.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2022

Objectives : Skin aging is generally characterized by wrinkles, sagging, loss of elasticity roughness, pigmentation and dryness. This changes is caused by reducing the elements constituting the extracellular matrix contributing to the physiological properties of the skin, such as collagen fiber, elastic fiber, and hyaluronic acid. Adequate skin hydration is important to maintain normal skin function and reduce skin aging. The present study is objective to observe skin moisturizing effects of Unripe apple(UA, Immature fruit of Malus pumila Mill) in vivo and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods : ICR mice were orally administerd UA(100, 200 and 400mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks, and skin water contents and the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-𝛽1, ceramide, hyaluronan and collagen type I(COL1) were measured in dorsal back skin of the mice. Gene expression of hyaluronan synthase(HAS1, HAS2, HAS3), collagen synthase(COL1A1, COL1A2) and TGF-𝛽1 were also determined by realtime RT-PCR. Results : Skin water contents and the expression of TGF-𝛽1, ceramide, COL1 and hyaluronan were significantly increased in UA group(100, 200 and 400mg/kg/day) compared to vehicle control. The mRNA expression of HAS isoform(HAS1, HAS2, HAS3), COL1A1, COL1A2, and TGF-𝛽1 were also significantly increased by UA. Conclusions : UA has skin moisturizing effects and enhancement activities in skin function related components(COL1, hyaluronan, ceramide and TGF-𝛽1). These results suggested that UA can be a developing candidate for developing alternative skin protective agent or functional food ingredient.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.585-592
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• 2004

돼지에 있어서 약 115일간의 임신 기간 중 마지막 40일 동안에 유선 내에서 유액도관(duct), 분비소엽(lobules), 분비낭포(alveoli) 등의 parenchyma 조직이 현저하게 발달하게 되는데, 이는 단백질 호르몬 relaxin과 estrogen의 공동작용에 기인하여 촉진되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 최근에는 면역조직화학적 실험방법을 통해 relaxin hormone이 유선조직 세포(mammary gland parenchyma cells)에 직접적으로 작용하여 lobuloalveolar의 발달을 촉진할 수 있는 가능성을 시사하였다. 즉 Relaxin에 특이적이고 포화 가능한 Relaxin의 결합부위가 lobulo-llveolar 구조 및 유액도관(lactiferous duct)의 상피세포(epithelial cells)뿐만 아니라 혈관세포에서도 존재함을 관찰하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 유선조직 세포에 존재하는 relaxin 결합부위가 기능적으로 활성을 지닌 relaxin 수용체(functional relaxin receptor)인지를 규명하고 동시에 relaxin hormone이 유선조직 세포에 직접적으로 작용하여 lobulo-alveolar의 발달을 촉진하는 지에 대한 직접적인 증거를 제공하는 데 있다. 정상적인 생리주기를 가진 3마리의 생후 7개월 된 잡종재지에 대하여 양쪽 난소를 모두 제거하는 양측난소 절제시술(Bilateral ovariectomy)을 실시하였다.(day 0). 난소 절제시술 후 15일부터(day 15) 29일(day 29)까지 각 개체별로 estradiol benzoate(1 mg/2 ml /Com oil)를 12시간 간격으로 근육주사 하였다. 시술 후 22일째부터(day 22) 순수 정제된 relaxin을 miniature osmotic pump를 통하여 몸의 anterior end로부터 왼쪽부위의 4번째 유선에 일정한 속도(1 ug/hr)로 주입하기 시작하였으며, 동일한 개체의 오른쪽 부위의 4번째 유선에는 동일한 방업으로 생리적 식염수(대조군)을 주입하였다. 난소 절제수술 후 29일째(day 29) 각 개체를 희생하여 젖꼭지의 base로부터 1cm 떨어진 지점에서 osmotic pump의 위치로부터 가까운 parenchyma 조직 시료를 채취하여 약 5-mm cube으로 자른 다음 조직학적 분석을 위한 일반적 조직시료 처리과정을 시행하였다. 조직절편을 Weigert's iron hematoxylin과 함께 염색한 다음 Olympus AH-2 광학현미경을 이용하여 lobulo-alveolar의 발달과 세포외간 섬유사인 collagen의 밀도와 정렬정도를 조사하였다. 생리식염수로 처리된 유선조직에 있어서는 lobulo-alveolar의 발달이 거의 일어나지 못한 반면, relaxin을 처리한 유선조직은 lobulo-alveolar의 현저한 발달을 보였을 뿐만 아니라 분비낭포(alveoli) 내에서는 두드러진 분비물이 존재하였다. 또한 식염수로 처리된 유선조직에서는 비교적 조밀하고 매우 잘 발달된 collagen 섬유사 묶음을 가진 세포의 간 기질의 특징을 보였으나, relaxin 호르몬이 처리된 유선조직에서는 collagen 섬유사가 비교적 분산되어 있고 느슨하며 덜 조밀한 구조적 특징을 나타내었다. 결론적으로, 본 연구의 결과는 유선조직 내의 특이적 relaxin 결합세포가 기능적으로 활성을 지닌 relaxin 수용체를 함유하고 있으며, relaxin hormone이 유선조직 세포에 직접적으로 작용함으로써 lobulo-alveolar의 발달을 촉진함을 보여준다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2005

Sixteen clinically healthy New Zealand white rabbits of either sex were divided into two equal groups I and II of 8 animals each. Under thiopental sodium (2.5%) anaesthesia a linear full thickness abdominal wall defect of 3 cm in length was created and repaired with continuous suture pattern using 3000 filaments of carbon fibres and 1~0 black braided nylon suture, ingroup I and II respectively. Increased vascularity was observed in carbon fibres (group I) and on day 30 the carbon fibres were covered by white fibrous tissue. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) values of glucose was seen on day 14 in group I, whereas, decrease in glucose value was observed in group II. Histopathologically, the carbon fiber implant induced extensive fibrous tissue (collagen fiber) reaction. Negligible inflammatory cells in the stroma indicate the host tissue tolerance to carbon fibers. Histochemically, gradually increased alkaline phosphatase activity up to day 14 in group I, suggested the proliferation of fibroblasts in early stages.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.284-291
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• 2018

The role of androgens in the development of cardiovascular diseases remains controversial. The current study therefore sought to determine the changes in the histomorphology of the common carotid artery of the male rat in orchidectomy-induced hypogonadism. Twenty-two Rattus norvegicus male rats aged 2 months were used. The rats were randomly assigned into baseline (n=4), experimental (n=9), and control (n=9) groups. Hypogonadism was surgically induced in the experimental group by bilateral orchiectomy under local anesthesia. At experiment weeks 3, 6, and 9, three rats from each group (experimental and control) were euthanized, their common carotid artery harvested, and routine processing was done for paraffin embedding, sectioning, and staining. The photomicrographs were taken using a digital photomicroscope for morphometric analysis. Orchidectomy resulted in the development of vascular fibrosis, with a significant increase in collagen fiber density and decrease in smooth muscle and elastic fiber density. Moreover, there was development of intimal hyperplasia, with fragmentation of medial elastic lamellae in the common carotid artery of the castrated rats. Orchidectomy induces adverse changes in structure of the common carotid artery of the male rat. These changes may impair vascular function, therefore constituting a possible structural basis for the higher incidences of cardiovascular diseases observed in hypogonadism.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2012

국내외적으로 경제수준의 향상과 웰빙 트렌트로 인해 피부미용기기 시장이 지속적으로 성장하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 대형기기 및 일부 보급된 개인용 피부미용기기와 차별화된 개인용 피부미용 복합자극기를 개발하고자 하였다. 복합자극의 종류로 한약재 추출액의 생화학 자극, 피부 신진대사를 촉진시키는 온열 자극, 다양한 피부미용 효과가 보고되고 있는 광 자극을 선택하였으며, 이들이 동시에 제공 가능하도록 복합자극부 구조를 설계하였다. 생화학 자극은 탈지면 패드에 함유된 한약재혼합추출물이 온열에 의해 기화됨으로써 피부에 공급되도록 하였으며, 온열자극은 탄소섬유 면상 발열체를 통해, 그리고 광자극은 850nm 파장을 갖는 고출력 근적외선 LED를 통해 공급되도록 하였다. 제작된 시제품의 보완 및 성능평가를 위하여 온열자극부 및 광 자극부를 테스트하였다. 온열자극의 경우 목표온도 도달시간, 제어 오차가 각 2분 이내, ${\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$ 이내로 적절히 동작하였으며, 광 자극의 경우 근적외선 LED와 발열체가 결합된 구조로 인해 정상 동작범위 이상으로 온도가 상승하는 것이 확인되어 방열체 제작 추가함으로써 이 문제를 해결하였다. 마지막으로, C2C12 mouse myoblast을 대상으로 한약재 자극을 제외한 복합자극의 유효성을 평가하는 실험을 실시하였으며, RT-PCR분석 결과 $37^{\circ}C$ 온열자극과 광 자극의 복합자극을 인가한 그룹에서 대조군에 비해 collagen I mRNA 발현량이 4.9배, collagen III mRNA 발현량이 1.3배 증가하는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.383-394
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• 1979

Treatment of valvular heart disease with valve replacement has been one of the most popular procedures in cardiac surgery recently. Although, first effort was directed toward the prosthetic valve, it soon became popular that bioprosthesis, the valvular xenograft, was prefered in the majority cases. Valvular xenograft has some superiority to the artificial prosthetic valve in some points of thromboembolism and hemolytic anemia, and it also has some inferiority of durability, immunologic reaction and resistance to Infection. Tremendous efforts were made to cover the inferiority with several methods of collection, preservation, and valve mounting of the porcine valve or pericardium of the calf, and also with surgical technique of the valvular xenograft replacement. Auther has collected 320 porcine aortic valves immediately after slaughter, and aortic cusps were coapted with cotton balls in the Valsalva sinuses to protect valve deformity after immersion in the Hanks' solution, and oxidation, cross-linking and reduction procedures were completed after the proposal of Carpentier in 1972. Well preserved aortic valves were suture mounted in the hand-made tissue valve frame of 19, 21, and 23 mm J.d., and also in the prosthetic vascular segment of 19 mm Ld. with 4-0 nylon sutures after careful trimming of the aortic valves. Completed valves were evaluated with bacteriologic culture, pressure tolerance test with tolerane gauge, valve durability test in the saline glycerine mixed solution with tolerance test machine in the speed of 300 rpm, and again with pathologic changes to obtain following results: 1. Bacteriologic culture of the valve tissue in five different preservation method for two weeks revealed excellent and satisfactory result in view of sterilization including 0.65% glutaraldehyde preservation group for one week bacteriologic culture except one tissue with Citobacter freundii in 75% ethanol preserved group. 2. Pressure tolerance test was done with an apparatus composed of V-connected manometer and pressure applicator. Tolerable limit of pressure was recorded when central leaking jet of saline was observed. Average pressure tolerated in each group was 168 mmHg in glutaraldehyde, 128 mmHg in formaldehyde, 92 mmHg in Dakin's solution, 48 mmHg in ethylene oxide gas, and 26 mmHg in ethanol preserved group in relation to the control group of Ringer's 90 mmHg respectively. 3. Prolonged durability test was performed in the group of frame mounted xenograft tissue valve with 300 up-and-down motion tolerance test machine/min. There were no specific valve deformity or wearing in both 19, 21, and 23 mm valves at the end of 3 months (actually 15 months), and another 3 months durability test revealed minimal valve leakage during pressure tolerance test due to contraction deformity of the non-coronary cusp at the end of 6 months (actually 30 months) in the largest 23 mm group. 4. Histopathologic observation was focussed in three view points, endothelial cell lining, collagen and elastic fiber destructions in each preservation methods and long durable valvular tolerance test group. Endothel ial cell lining and collagen fiber were well preserved in the glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde treated group with minimal destruction of elastic fiber. In long durable tolerance test group revealed complete destruction of the endothelial cell lining with minimal destruction of the collagen and elastic fiber in 3 month and 6 month group in relation to the time and severity. In conclusion, porcine xenograft treated after the proposal of Carpentier in 1972 and preserved in the glutaraldehyde solution was the best method of collection, preservation and valve mounting. Pressure tolerance and valve motion tolerance test, also, revealed most satisfactory results in the glutaraldehyde preserved group.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.227-241
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• 2005

세신약쇄(細辛藥鎖)이 Collagen-induced arthritis에 미치는 영향(影響)을 DBA/1J mouse를 이용한 실험(實驗)을 통하여 관찰(觀察)한 결과(結果), 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. 세포독성(細胞毒性) 측정(測定) 및 TNF-${\alpha}$ 발현(發現) 억제효과(抑制效果) 1) 세신약침액(細辛藥鍼液) 1%의 농도(濃度)에서 가장 높은 세포생존률(細胞生存率)이 관찰(觀察)되었다. 2) 세행약침액(細幸藥鍼液) 1%의 농도(濃度)에서 TNF-${\alpha}$가 유의성(有意性)있게 감소(減少)하였다. 2. 관식염(關飾炎) 발병률(發病率)과 비장(脾臟)의 무게 관찰(觀察) 1) 세행약침(細幸藥鍼) I군과(群) 세행약침(細幸藥鍼) II군에(群)서 관절염(關節炎) 발병률(發病率)이 현저하게 감소(減少)하였다. 2) 세신약침(細辛藥鍼) I군과(群) 세졸약침(細卒藥鍼) II군의(群) 비장(脾臟) 무게가 대조체(對照諦)에 비하여 감소(減少)하였다. 3. 세신약침(細辛藥鍼)이 각종 싸이토카인, 면역 글로불린 및 Anti-collagen II에 미치는 영향(影響) 1) 혈청(血淸)내 IL-6, LNF-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$는 세행약침(細幸藥鍼) I군과(群) 세행약침(細幸藥鍼)II군에(群)서 대조군(對照群)에 비하여 유의성(有意性)있게 감소(減少)하였다. 2) IgG, IgM은 세행약침(細幸藥鍼) I군과(群) 세행약침(細幸藥鍼)II군에(群)서 대조군(對照群)에 비하여 유의성(有意性)있게 감소(減少)하였다. 3) Anti-collagen II는 세행약침(細幸藥鍼) I군과(群) 세행약침(細幸藥鍼) II군에(群)서 대조군(對照群)에 비하여 유의성(有意性)있게 감소(減少)하였다 4. 세신약침(細辛藥鍼)이 관절(關節)의 조직학적(組織學的) 변화(變化)에 미치는 영향(影響) 1) Hematoxylin and eosin stain에서 세행약침(細幸藥鍼) I군과(群) 세행약침(細幸藥鍼)II군이(群) 연골(軟骨)의 파괴(破壞)와 활막(滑膜)의 증식(增殖)이 감소(減少)되고 정상군(正常群)에 류사(類似)한 구조(構造)로 회부(回復)되었다. 2) Masson's Tricho me stain에서 세행약침(細幸藥鍼) I군과(群) 세행약침(細幸藥鍼)II군의(群) 교원질섬유가 정상군(正常群)과 같이 유지(維持)되었다. 5. 세신약침(細辛藥鍼)이 면역세포(免疫細胞)의 발현(發現)에 미치는 영향(影響) 1) 림파절내(淋巴節內) 4CD3e^+$ 세포(細胞)와 $CDl9^+$ 세포(細胞)의 비율(比率), $CD4^+$ 세포(細胞)와 $CD8^+$ 세포(細胞)의 비율(比率)은 細幸藥鍼I군과(細幸藥鍼I群) 세행약침(細幸藥鍼)II군에(群)서 Control군에(群) 비하여 정상군(正常群)과 유사(類似)한 비율(比率)이 유지(維持)되었다. 2) 임파절내(淋巴節內) $CD69^+/CD3e^+$ 세포(細胞)와 $CDlla^+/CDl9^+$ 세포(細胞)는 세행약침(細幸藥鍼)I군과(群) 세행약침(細幸藥鍼)II군에(群)서 대조군(對照群)에 비하여 감소(減少)하였다. 3) 관절내(關節內) $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ 세포(細胞)는 세행약침(細幸藥鍼)I군과(群) 세행약침(細幸藥鍼)II군에(群)서 대조군(對照群)에 비하여 감소(減少)하였다. 이상(以上)의 모든 결과(結果)에 있어서, 세행약침(細幸藥鍼)II군보(群)다 예방(豫防)과 치료(治療)를 겸(兼)한 세행약침(細幸藥鍼)I군이(群) 싸이토카인 및 항체(沆體)의 감소(減少)와 면역세포(免疫細胞)의 발현(發現) 억제(抑制)에 있어서 탁월한 효과(效果)를 나타내었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.232-236
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• 2009

Plantar fasciitis is most common cause of heel pain which starts anterior tubercle of calcaneus. It is chronic inflamation of plantar fascia, reduces collagen and water content of heel pain which incur the degenerative changes with elastic fiber weakness. We treated one patient after extracorporeal shock wave treatment. We diagnosed him with X-ray and treated her conservative maneuver as to oriental medical method. We measured Vas(Visual analogue scale) and thermographic picture of both leg. Visual analogue scale is from 10 to 4 and thermographic picture of both leg were improved in cases.