• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.607-622
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• 2003

The research was aimed at finding the dynamic aspects of the linguistic and social interaction with mathematical concept development using a graphing calculator in collaborative learning. This study was broadly divided into two categories: "Knowledge Construction Statement" for understanding how the verbal interaction works when a graphing calculator is used, and "Teacher's Instructional Role" for the research on the reaction of the students and on the teacher's role as a guide in helping students to construct their knowledge. This research used a case study in a collaborative learning environment. An attempt was made to show clearly how the students interacted with one another in a technology environment using a graphing calculator as a tool. A graphing calculator promoted the students' linguistic interaction and changed the characteristics of the linguistic interaction. Although it didn't show the different aspects completely, some changes of the linguistic traits were perceived.aits were perceived.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.1004-1012
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• 2021

The collaboration productively interacting between multi-agents has become an emerging issue in real-world applications. In reinforcement learning, multi-agent environments present challenges beyond tractable issues in single-agent settings. This collaborative environment has the following highly complex attributes: sparse rewards for task completion, limited communications between each other, and only partial observations. In particular, adjustments in an agent's action policy result in a nonstationary environment from the other agent's perspective, which causes high variance in the learned policies and prevents the direct use of reinforcement learning approaches. Unexpected social loafing caused by high dispersion makes it difficult for all agents to succeed in collaborative tasks. Therefore, we address a paradox caused by the social loafing to significantly reduce total returns after a certain timestep of multi-agent reinforcement learning. We further demonstrate that the collaborative paradox in multi-agent environments can be avoided by our proposed effective early stop method leveraging a metric for social loafing.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2020년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.228-230
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• 2020

The emergence of collaborative learning to the public is to tackle the user's privacy issue in centralized learning by bringing the AI models to the data source or client device for training Collaborative learning employs computing and storage resources on the client's device. Thus, it is privacy preserved by design. In harmony, blockchain is also prominent since it does not require an intermediary to process a transaction. However, these approaches are not yet fully ripe to be implemented in the real world, especially for the complex system (several challenges need to be addressed). In this work, we present the performance of collaborative learning and potential use case of blockchain. Further, we discuss privacy issues in the system.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.25-40
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explore procedures and modalities on collaborative visualization processing of text information for developing e-Learning contents. In order to investigate, two research questions were explored: 1) what are procedures on collaborative visualization processing of text information, 2) what kinds of patterns and modalities can be found in each procedure of collaborative visualization of text information. This research method was employed a qualitative research approaches by means of grounded theory. As a result of this research, collaborative visualization processing of text information were emerged six steps: identifying text, analyzing text, exploring visual clues, creating visuals, discussing visuals, elaborating visuals, and creating visuals. Collaborative visualization processing of text information came out the characteristic of systemic and systematic system like spiral sequencing. Also, another result of this study, modalities in collaborative visualization processing of text information was divided two dimensions: individual processing by internal representation, social processing by external representation. This case study suggested that collaborative visualization strategy has full possibility of providing ideal methods for sharing cognitive system or thinking system as using human visual intelligence.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제19B권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2012

최근 사용자의 흥미에 맞는 아이템이나 서비스를 추천해 주는 추천 시스템에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 최근 종료된 Netflix 경연대회(Netflix Prize)가 이 분야에 대한 연구자들의 연구 의욕을 고취시켰고, 특히 협력적 여과(Collaborative Filtering) 방법은 아이템의 종류에 상관없이 적용 가능한 범용성 때문에 활발히 연구되고 있다. 본 논문은 강화 학습을 이용해서 추천 시스템의 협력적 여과 문제를 푸는 방법을 제안한다. 강화 학습을 통해, 영화 평점 데이터에서 각 사용자가 평점을 매긴 순서에 따른 평점 간의 연관 관계를 학습하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 협력적 여과문제를 마르코프 결정 과정(Markov Decision Process)로 수학적으로 모델링하였고, 강화 학습의 가장 대표적인 알고리즘인 Q-learning을 사용해서 평가의 순서의 연관 관계를 학습하였다. 그리고 실제로 평가의 순서가 평가에 미치는 영향이 있음을 실험을 통해서 검증하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.147-159
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 초등학교 5학년을 대상으로 프로그래밍 교육을 위한 스마트 기반 협력학습 모형을 설계하고 수업에 적용하여 결과를 분석한다. 설계한 학습모형은 개념알기, 구현하기, 알아가기, 공유하기 4단계로 구성하였고 단계별 학습교재와 스마트 기반 협력학습활동을 포함하고 있다. 알아가기 단계의 스크래치 신호등 학습교재는 프로그래밍 점검내용을 색깔별로 구분하여 적어서 학습자의 프로그래밍 내면화를 지원한다. 학습자의 학습여건과 상황을 고려한 학습단계별 스마트 기반 협력학습활동 제공으로 초보 학습자들의 활발한 학습참여와 지속이 가능하다. 연구 결과, 학습자의 프로그래밍 흥미도가 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였으며, 학습모형을 적용한 성취수준 3단계 평가에서 10점 만점에 8점 이상이 60.7%로 만족할만한 성취수준을 얻은 것으로 분석되었다.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2006

이 연구는 선행 연구들이 지적했던 스캐폴딩 제공의 문제점인 학습전이의 저해, 인지부하의 증가, 자율적학습동기의 감소가 스캐폴딩 유형에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 문헌 고찰을 통하여 스캐폴딩에 대한 설계원리를 제시하고, GLAS 유형(지원적, 성찰적, 내재적)에 따른 웹 기반 협력학습환경을 설계하였다. 그리고, 무선적으로 선정된 초등학교 6학년 학생들을 대상으로, 4주간 수학을 주제로 GLAS 유형별 웹 기반 협력학습을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 학습전이에 대한 스캐폴딩의 영향, 성찰적 스캐폴딩의 인지부하 문제, 학습동기에 영향을 주는 내재적 스캐폴딩에 대하여 결론을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.75-95
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a group activity, reciprocal peer tutoring (RPT), in order to investigate advantages and challenges of RPT in promoting cooperative and collaborative learning environment for EFL University reading instruction. The participants in this study were 89 students taking an English reading course at a Korean university. RPT is a learning strategy whereby learners help each other and learn by teaching. This program was supported by a Vygotskyan perspective which assumes that learners gain mastery and develop cognitive skills through social interaction with more proficient others and their environment. This study relied particularly on participant perceptions through questionnaire survey and Anonymous Online class Report of the course. This study showed various advantages for tutors such as learning through teaching and becoming more autonomous and responsible for their own learning. Non-threatening and highly motivating learning atmosphere are parts of benefits for tutees. Other advantages for tutees included improved level of academic self-confidence, and motivation. This study also revealed several drawbacks associated with the problem of inaccuracy in students' production and students' demand for more direct teacher role. (182 words).

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.239-259
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 교육 도구로써 위키의 가능성을 탐색하기 위해서, 위키 환경인 구글 사이트에서 협력학습 기반 그룹 프로젝트를 수행하는 학습자들의 행태와 인식을 조사하였다. 이를 위해 파일 업로드, 웹 페이지 사용, 댓글, 네비게이션 바와 관련된 개별 학습자 및 그룹별 형태 분석과 구글 사이트 사용에 대한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과를 토대로 구글 사이트를 활용한 학습자들의 협력학습 기반 그룹 프로젝트 활동의 특징을 논의하였다. 또한 협력학습의 교육적 효과성과 학습활동 진행 과정 평가의 용이성을 증대시키기 위하여 위키 환경 시스템이 어떻게 개선되어야 하는지를 제시하였다.

• 정보기술과데이타베이스저널
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.65-77
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• 1997

This paper describes and effective teaching approach to an undergraduate database course. This research draws on practical experience based on the hands-on practice approach which leads students to develop a database application utilizing various tools. Students not only learn concepts, methodologies and tools of database technology in class and through online multimedia learning aids, but also practice how to integrate them through collaborative team projects. The course employs collaborative learning approach and multimedia and internet technologies. Students are encouraged to work collaboratively on assignments and projects and to learn independently through online multimedia learning aids.