• 생태와환경
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.478-482
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• 2017

In order to identify key nations and bird species of conservation concern we described multinational collaborations as defined using network analysis linked by birds that are found in all nations in the network. We used network analysis to assess the patterns in bird occurrence for 10,422 bird inventories from 244 countries and territories. Nations that are important in multinational collaborations for bird conservation were assessed using the centrality measures, closeness and betweenness centrality. Countries important for the multinational collaboration of bird conservation were examined based on their centrality measures, which included closeness and betweenness centralities. Comparatively, the co-occurrence network was divided into four groups that reveal different biogeographical structures. A group with higher closeness centrality included countries in southern Africa and had the potential to affect species in many other countries. Birds in countries in Asia, Australia and the South Pacific that are important to the cohesiveness of the global network had a higher score of betweenness centrality. Countries that had higher numbers of bird species and more extensively distributed bird species had higher centrality scores; in these countries, birds may act as excellent indicators of trends in the co-occurrence bird network. For effective bird conservation in the world, much stronger coordination among countries is required. Bird co-occurrence patterns can provide a suitable and powerful framework for understanding the complexity of co-occurrence patterns and consequences for multinational collaborations on bird conservation.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.92-110
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• 2012

An active policy role is suggested for collaboration that will enhance national level Science and Technology (S&T) capabilities. In contrast, some studies see a limited role of policy support for collaborative S&T research at the individual level (including research groups or institutional levels) due to their self-organizing nature. Two views on S&T collaboration look at different levels but existing research largely ignores the context of developing countries. This paper shows how S&T collaborations between Brazil and Korea have developed over the past two decades. The paper indicates the gaps between initiation and the actual establishment of collaborative research at national and individual levels, differences in the focus areas of research, differences in resources and project planning, and the nature of collaborations. Collaborative research activities at the national level were initiated before the individual level but activated later than the individual level; in addition, the focus areas of research were laid down earlier at the national level with individual collaborations focused on different areas. Project types remained different at each level (i.e. top-down and bottom-up) or with a slightly changing mix. This study suggests appropriate policy measures (such as the timely and effective information collection of activities at different levels and proactive coordination) that could reduce the gaps in the timing and alignment of research areas. This paper also alludes to an evolutionary model to develop S&T collaboration among developing countries.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.631-638
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• 2015

이 연구의 목적은 정부주도형 지역 산학연 협력 사업에 대한 문제점을 분석하고, 향후 이러한 문제점들을 보완하기 위한 정책적 쟁점 사항을 제시하는 데 있다. 우리나라의 정부주도형 지역 산학연 협력의 문제점은 산학연 주체 상호 간에 대한 시각의 차이가 크다는 데 있다. 우리나라의 지역 산학연 협력은 '시스템적 측면'과 '인적 측면'에서 모두 문제점을 안고 있다. 대학 중심의 산학연 협력은 이와 같은 현실의 대표 사례로 제시될 수 있다. 이와 같은 특성을 고려하면서 우리나라 정부 주도형 지역 산학연 협력의 주요 쟁점으로는 정책적 사각지대에 놓여 있는 '서민경제 지원형 산학연 협력'과 '기업의 장수화를 위한 산학연 협력'을 들 수 있다. 2000년대 이후 정부 정책 전문가들은 대학 중심의 산학연 협력보다 기업 중심의 산학연 협력이 필요함을 강조하고 있다. 현재 시점에서 이와 같은 견해는 한 단계 더 나아가야 한다. 즉, 향후 기업 중심의 산학연 협력에서 기업의 눈높이를 고려한 맞춤형 산학연 협력과 정책적 사각지대에 놓인 '자영업 창업'과 '기업 수명 늘리기'에 정책적 초점을 둘 필요가 있다.

• 축산식품과학과 산업
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.28-29
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• 2017

• 한국정보기술응용학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보기술응용학회 2007년도 추계 국제학술대회
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• pp.141-141
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• 2007

• 산업공학
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2012

Very special and tentative considerations including emotional aspects are required to apply any new mechanism and methodologies for manufacturing fields due to several reasons. This study reviews the characteristics of manufacturing collaborations through specific cases applied digital engineering to enhance the collaboration performance in manufacturing domains. Two cases of collaboration related with automotive manufacturing process are analyzed to extract meaningful insights for better collaboration model suggestions. The first case deals the robot simulation to find out advance errors in jig and fixture design during the various welding process of body-in-whites. The effective communication protocol to share their idea and agreed schedules are essential for this collaboration. More severe requirement of collaboration between R&D and manufacturing departments are studied in the second case for e-coating process. The invisible barriers among different departments are lowered by the process application of Computer Aided Engineering which can make sure their own interesting effectively. Those technical and managerial suggestions can be used when the information system and standard process are sought to implement and update not only when innovation projects are executed.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.25-39
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this manuscript was to come up with ideas about supportive policies and multi-sectoral collaboration for Mental health Promotion. Methods: The authors reviewed about 40 various international & internal scientific articles including WHO's publications related with mental health programmes and mental health promotion. Besides, we reviewed inter-sectoral and multi-sectoral collaborations of mental health works for policy recommendations. Results: There are many problems in present mental health services; lack of budgets, existence of many vulnerable people, lack of mental health indexes, low accessibilities to mental health services, lack of supportive policies, and no existence of comprehensive control tower. Conclusions: It is important to strengthen public mental health services focused on health promotion. In addition, reinforcement of the infra-structures and establishment of a comprehensive control tower for mental health promotion should be done immediately. The control tower will have specific roles in structures of different government sectors and infrastructures for inter-sectoral collaboration.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2009

Theory-based models and high performance simulations are briefly reviewed starting with atomistic methods, such as Electronic Structure calculations, Molecular Dynamics, and Monte Carlo, continuing with meso-scale methods, such as Dislocation Dynamics and Phase Field, and ending with continuum methods that include Finite Element and Finite Volume. Special attention is paid to relating thermo-mechanical and chemical properties of the fuel to reactor parameters. By inserting atomistic models of point defects into continuum thermo-chemical calculations, a model of oxygen diffusivity in $UO_{2+x}$ is developed and used to predict point defect concentrations, oxygen diffusivity, and fuel stoichiometry at various temperatures and oxygen pressures. The simulations of coupled heat transfer and species diffusion demonstrate that including the dependence of thermal conductivity and density on composition can lead to changes in the calculated centerline temperature and thermal expansion displacements that exceed 5%. A review of advanced nuclear fuel performance codes reveals that the many codes are too dedicated to specific fuel forms and make excessive use of empirical correlations in describing properties of materials. The paper ends with a review of international collaborations and a list of lessons learned that includes the importance of education in creating a large pool of experts to cover all necessary theoretical, experimental, and computational tasks.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

Collaborative research and development (R&D) has been encouraged based on the belief that knowledge spill-over is mutually beneficial for partners. Although the benefits are supported by science and technology policy research, the risk of R&D collaboration has not been extensively discussed. Two independent studies suggest that there are risks associated with the overuse of collaborative research frameworks. Two sets of R&D collaboration data were analyzed: between the national bio-technology research program and 1) Data Envelop Analysis (DEA), and 2) between Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). In the case of SFA, output measures were integrated into a single output, with weights extracted from research programme managers' responses to the questionnaire. While the DEA result demonstrated the inefficiency of collaborative research, SFA did not. Unlike previous research highlighting risks associated with disclosing proprietary R&D and potential conflict of interest, our study indicates that the transaction's social cost affects collaborative research efficiency. Therefore, governments promoting R&D collaborations should be carefully managed, and policy makers must reconsider the strict conditions governing compulsory collaborative R&D programs.

• Acta Via Serica
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.131-148
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• 2022

While much has been written about Imperial Japan's encounter with geopolitics and developing ideas about Geography as a political and cultural discipline, little if anything has been written about relational and research Geographies between Japan and Silk Roads both ancient and modern. Memories of the ancient Silk Road were revivified in the late 19^th century in tandem with the Great Game of European nations, as Japan modernized and sought new places and influence globally following the Meiji restoration. Imperial Japan thus sought to conquer and co-opt spaces imagined to be part of or influenced by the ancient Silk Road and any modern manifestation of it. This paper explores a particular process in that co-option and appropriation, research collaboration between institutions of the Empire. In particular it considers the exploration of Mengjiang/Inner Mongolia after its conquest in 1939/1940, by a collaborative team of Korean and Japanese Geographers, led by Professor Tada Fumio. This paper considers the making knowable of spaces imagined to be on the ancient Silk Road in the Imperial period, and the projecting of the imperatives of the Empire back into Silk Road history, at the same time as such territory was being made anew. This paper also casts new light on the relational and collaborative processes of academic exchange, specifically in the field of Geography, between Korean and Japanese academics during the Korean colonial period.