• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.34-39
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• 1993

One hundred and eighty-seven water samples were collected from 23 of spring water, 2 of ground water, 1 of tap water in Pusan area and 3 of natural mineral waters. Total coliform group, fecal coliform, viable cell count and microflora were investigated to evaluate water quality of drinking water. The results were as follows: range and geometric mean value of total coliform and fecal coliform MPN's of spring water were 0~1,500/100 ml, 85/100 ml and 0~460/100 ml, 24/100 ml but coliform group was not detected in the samples of tap water and natural mineral water. Viable cell count of spring water, ground water and tap water were lower as 100 cell than the criteria for drinking water but that of natural mineral water was higher as 6.5X 10$^2$~7.4X 10$^3$ /ml. Predominant speces among the 219 strains isolated from the samples were 19.6% Aeromonas spp., 19.2% Enterobacteriaceae, 16% Acinetobacter spp. Especially, spring water and vessels were contaminated by Hafnia spp. and Providencia Spp, inhabitant of the oral cavity.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.504-512
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• 2006

In order to estimate microbial contaminant discharge from diffuse sources, rainfall runoff was monitored at forestry, agriculture and urban watersheds. Total coliform and E. coli were monitored at the study watersheds as they are regulated by the environmental laws. Concentration and EMC (Event Mean Concentration) of coliform of rainfall runoff at the urban watershed were the highest followed by those from agricultural and forestry watersheds. By monitoring coliform concentrations of overlying water and sediment at five monitoring points in the downstream of the Geum River, average concentration from spring to summer was higher than those values from fall to spring. Coliform concentrations in the pore water were higher compared to those of overlying water and closely related with flow rate of the river.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.516-519
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• 2005

An useful protocol coiled load duration curve methodology to estimate contaminant loading to a river on an exceedance probability scale was developed in this research. The technique was further applied to estimate total coliform loading to the Geum River, using the daily mean flow rate and total coliform concentration data during January, 1996 and July, 2004 for the Gongju where an automated monitoring station is located. Drought flow of the Gongju (=50.3 cms) was equivalent to 40% on an exceedance probability scale. Load duration curve for total coliform loading at the Gongju was constructed. Standard duration curve was constructed with the water quality criteria for the class 2 (total coliform concentration = 1000 MPN/100 mL). By plotting load duration curve with standard duration curve, it could be revealed that water quality do not meet the desired water quality for 47% on an exceedance probability scale. If linearity between flow rate and coliform concentration is assumed, it can be interpretated that water quality exceeds desired criteria when average mean flow rate is over 51 cms.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 1986

This study was carried out to investigate the bacterial contamination of Ice Tea sold on the l street in Seoul area. For this, study 81 samples were collected on the street from July to September, 1985 and were examined on the following items. 1. Degree of bacterial contamination. 2. The relation of the occurrence of fecal coliform and salmonella. 3. The change of bacterial contamination in Ice Tea against temperature. As the results of this study, the following conclusion were obtained. 1. The mean count of total viable bacteria by standard plate count was $6.5{\times}10^3$/ml, the mean count of total coliform and fecal coliform by MPN method were $3.4{\times}10^2$/100ml, 5.5/100ml and those of fecal streptococci was $3.2{\times}10^2$/100ml. 2. The mean count of Staphylococcus aureus was 10.5/ml, the isolated rate of salmonella was 7.41%. 3. In relation to the occurrence of fecal colfform and salmonella, salmonella isolated that for values above $10^2$ fecal coliform 100ml. 4. In the change of bacterial contamination in Ice Tea against temperature, the number of total coliform and fecal coliform increased at $25{\circ}$C, decreased at $4{\circ}$C, but fecal streptococci increased at $25{\circ}$C and $4{\circ}$C.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1974

A study was carried out to find out the biological contamination of beaches in Korea from May 16, to June 2, 1972. Turbidity was measured and coliform groups were examined by membrane filter method as well as general sanitary condition of beaches. Main findings were as follows: 1. The average coliform group count was 5.0 per 100 ml of tested water, and the range of coliform. group count was 0~120 out of 8 beaches, Chungmun beach was found to be the least contaminated while Daechun was the most contaminated (23. 3/100 ml), however, those beaches surveyed. were satisfactory as far as bacteriological contaminations were concerned. 2. The average coliform group count of water samples from rising tides was 2.8/100 ml. The range of coliform count from rising tide was 0~26/100 ml, and those from receding were 1~120/100 ml. 3. The average turbidity of the water in Korean western beaches was 5.0 ppm, while that of Chejudo was 2.0 ppm. of 8 beaches surveyed, the turbidity of Daechon beach was the highest (7.0 ppm). 4. Out of 8 beaches surveyed shower facilities existed at only 4 beaches (50%), however the drainages of showers and bath rooms were not sanitarily adequate.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.55-60
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• 2002

In order to investigate the microbiological contamination of spring water, we performed the standard plate count, coliform and psychrotrophilic bacteria in 109 spring waters in Seoul. Of 109 spring waters, geometirc mean standard plate count was 0.19 CFU/ml, and the highest in Mt. Boolam, 4..43 CFU/ml and Mt. Dobong, 3.86 CFU/ml, but not detected in Mt. Woomyun and Mt. Cheonggye. Four spring waters have shown over 100 CFU/ml in standard plate count. The geometric mean psychrotrophilic bacteria was 49.2 CFU/ml, the most prevalent spring water was Mt. Nam, 125 CFU/ml, the lowest Mt. Woomyeun. Among a total of 109, coliform was detected from 21 spring waters(19.3%) and the geometric mean of coliform was 0.005 MPN/100ml. The isolated genera of coliform were 7 isolates of E. coli(33%), 5 Klebsiella(24%), 4 Enterobacter(19%), 3 Citrobacter(14%) and 2 Serratia(10%), respectively. The 22 spring waters(20.2%) failed to meet the standard limits of drinking water based on regulation in Korea. The inappropriate rate of standard plate count in spring water was 4.5%, that of coliform was 81.1% and both of them was 13.6%. There was the significant correlation between standard plate count and psychrotrophilic bacteria in spring water(r=0.95, p<0.01).

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.157-164
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• 2016

For the hygienic production of oyster at Goseong bay, this study investigated the marine bacteriological condition of the area from 2008 to April 2009. Average seawater temperature and salinity ranged $2.8-19.3.0^{\circ}C$ and 32.61-34.91 psu, respectively. The coliform group and fecal coliform of seawater ranged < 1.8-4,900 MPN/100 mL and < 1.8-700 MPN/100 mL, respectively. The coliform group of oyster (Crassostrea gigas) ranged < 1.8-13,000 MPN/100 g. Fecal coliform of oyster ranged and < 1.8-310 MPN/100 g. Only one of 140 samples was exceeded in the U.S NSSP standard (> 230 MPN/100 g) of fecal coliform. Fecal coliform in seawater was on the level of clean sea, below the U.S. NSSP standards, and the contents of fecal coliform and heavy metals in cultured oyster were also below the U.S. NSSP, heavy metal standards, showing that the sea area is bacteriologically safe.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.145-162
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• 1974

시판되는 굴, 담치, 백합 등 패류는 깨끗한 수역에서 생산되어야 한다는 것은 공중보건상 매우 중요하다. 따라서 이들 서식해역에 대한 위생상태를 평가하는 것은 패류위생관리에 있어 가장 기본적인 일이다. 본 조사는 미국 Alabama주 West Fowl River 지역에 있어 패류위생관리상 양식장의 등급분류와 관련한 굴(Crassostrea virginica) 및 그 서식수의 위생학적 성상을 알기 위하여 실시되었다. 이 연구는 미국 국제개발처(AID) 연수계획에 의하여 이루워 졌음을 밝혀 둔다. 조사지역에 있어서의 감염원은 가옥, 소업체, 가축, 물새, 야생동물 등에 의한 일반적인 발기물과 배설물로 되어 있고 특별한 하수나 공업배출물은 없었다. 이 조사는 이 지방에 있어 건조기인 10월에 실시되었으며 조사기간중의 총 강우양은 0.08mm, 평균 기온은 $21.3^{\circ}C$, 바람은 동풍이 우세하였다. 저질은 뻘로 되어 있고 저호시 평균수침은 약 1m이며 조사기관중 평균 수온은 $26.0^{\circ}C$였다. 염분은 조사지점에 따라 상이하였으며 바다로 향한 강의 흐름에 따라 증가하고 평균 염분은 $18.0\~28.7\%$의 범위에 있었다. 해수 및 굴 양자의 Coliform 함양은 Fecal coliform 보다 시종 높았으며 Coliform 및 Fecal coliform의 수는 바다로 향한 강의 흐름에 따라 점차 감소하였다. 이것은 해수의 오염은 주로 지표수의 유입에 의한다는 것을 말하고 있다. 굴의 Coliform 및 Fecal coliform MPN은 해수의 그것보다 $11\~12$배 높았다. 조사수역에 설정한 7개소 Sampling station 중 오직 Station 7만이 패류양식장 허가해역의 세균학적 수질기준에 합당하였으며 굴의 Fecal coliform MPN은 시판용 패류의 세균학적 기준을 초과하고 있었다. EC test 양성시험관에서 분리된 세균의 $97.6\%$가 E. coli group로 나타나 EC test는 Echerichie Coli 시험에 매우 효과적인 방법임을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1991

The environmental factors and the distribution of coliform group were investigated in Suyeong bay on the summer, 1989. The ranges of environmental factors were as follows : Dissolved oxygen $0.54{\sim}6.82m{\ell}/{\ell}$, COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand) 0.28~9.84ppm, Salinity 14.7~33.5%, Nitrite $0.13{\sim}20.49{\mu}g-at/{\ell}$, Nitrate $0.89{\sim}62.77{\mu}g-at/{\ell}$, Ammonia $3.81{\sim}246.98{\mu}g-at/{\ell}$, Silicate $6.12{\sim}177.5{\mu}g-at/{\ell}$. The coliform group ranged $10^4{\sim}10^5/100m\ell$ in the mouth and it was decreased in the open sea. Among the composition of coliform group, E. coli I type was dominent at distance area. The correlation between coliform group and ammonia was r=0.629. There were negative correlation between salinity, dissolved oxygen and coliform group during study period.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.203-212
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• 1994

The nangmyun is a Korean iced noodle made by putting buckwheat-noodles into cold broth. Seven samples of nangmyun-broths were collected from Korean restaurants in Bucheon during July 1994. The contamination levels of nangmyun-broths by coliform bacteria were determined, and then the 40 colonies of coliform bacteria, isolated randomly from 4 samples of nangmyun-broths, were identified at genus or species level with the additional test for psychrotrophic character The coliform counts in nangmyun-broths were 6.0x102-6.5$\times$104/ml(average 2.3$\times$104%). Among the 40 strains of isolates, 27 strains(67.5%) were identified as the genus Klebsiella, 9 strains(22.5%) as the genus Enterobacter, 2 strains(5.0%) as the genus Citrobacter and 2 strains (5.0%) as the genus Escherichia. Among 27 strains of Klebsiella, 11 strains (40.8%) were identified as K planticola, 4 strains(14.8%) as K. pneumoniae, 2 strains(7.4%) as K. ozaenae and 2 strains(7.4%) as K. terrigena, but 8 strains(29.6%) of a typic\ulcorner1 Klebgiella could not be Identified at species level. All the 40 strains of coliform bacteria were psychrotrophs showing slow growth at 1$0^{\circ}C$, and 18 strains(45%) grew at 5$^{\circ}C$. It was thought to be a good basic data In describing the reason for too high coliform counts in nangmyun-broths that all coliform bacteria tested In this study were psychrotrophs.