• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.222-225
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• 2016

식품에서 대장균군을 효율적으로 분리하기 위해 대장균군 선택배지 5종: Chromocult Chromocult coliform agar (Merck), Hicrome coliform agar (Sigma), CHROMagar ECC, Brilliance E.coli/coliform medium (OXOID), endo agar (Merck)을 선별하여 식품 분리 대장균군 83종 및 표준균주 21종에 대해서 민감도와 특이도를 분석한 결과 Chromocult coliform agar와 HICrome coliform agar에서 94%도 민감도가 가장 높았으며, Brilliance E.coli/coliform medium는 93%, CHROMagar ECC는 92%, ENDO agar는 74%의 민감도를 나타냈다. Chromocult coliform agar와 HICrome coliform agar는 대장균군의 회수율도 높았다. 그러므로 Chromocult coliform agar와 HICrome coliform agar는 대장균군을 분리하는데 가장 효율적인 배지로 생각된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2006

The objectives of the present paper were to investigate the concentration of total coliform in wastewater effluents and the effect of water chemical and physical characters in it. The most correlated parameter with total coliform was COD. It means that the wastewater treatment efficient effects on total coliform concentration. And we developed predictive model for the total coliform concentration. The estimated parameters for model were COD, temperature, nitrite, chloride, Mn and regression model equation was determined; log (Total Coli.) = 1.861+0.065[COD]+0.038[temperature]-0.0004[$Cl^-$]+3.697[Mn]-0.32 [$NO_2-N$] The developed model provided very strong correlation ($R^2:0.82$) between total coliform and regression equation. The parameters having high sensitivity were COD and temperature. So the study indicated that if the temperature and COD of wastewater effluent were known, we would estimate the concentration of total coliform and decide the most effective usage of chlorine.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.41-51
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• 1974

참굴(Crassostrea gigas) 수하식양식에 있어 상층과 저층 그리고 조석에 따른 해수 및 굴의 위생학적 성상에 관한 변화를 조사하였으며 본 연구는 미국국제연맹처(AID) 연수계획에 의하여 Washington주 Burley Lagoon 뗏목 수하식 양식장에 대하여 실시되었다. 해수의 수온, 염분 및 탁도는 저층이 상층보다 다소 높았고 그 차이는 수온 $0.3^{\circ}C$, 염분 $0.5\%_{\circ}$, 탁도 0.1 JTU 있다. 조석에 따를 수온 및 염분의 변화는 대체로 조석 주기에 일치하는 기복상을 보였다. 해수의 위생지표미생물 함양은 상층이 저층보다 대체로 높았고 일반적으로 Coliform MPN 및 Fecal coliform MPN의 변화는 조고에 역비례하고 있어 이들 미생물군의 출처는 이 해역으로 유입하는 하천임을 알 수 있다. $35^{\circ}C$ Plate count는 조석 변동에 대하며 보다 안정하였다. 굴에 있어 Coliform 및 Fecal coliform MPN의 평균치는 상층굴이 저층보다 일반적으로 높은 값을 시현하였으나 $35^{\circ}C$ Plate count는 이와 같은 경향을 나타내지 않았다. 해수에서와 같이 굴에 있어서도 Coliform 및 Fecal coliform MPN의 평균치는 양자 모두 호고에 역상관관계를 나타내었고 조사기관중 굴의 세균축적비는 Coliform MPN은 $8.6\~19.7$, Fecal coliform MPN은 $16.9\~44.3$이였다. 이상의 결과로서 굴수하식 양식에 있어 패류위생관리상 중요한 것은 창호시에 굴을 채취하는 것이 미생 지표 세균의 함량이 보다 낮다는 것을 들 수 있다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2006

This study investigated the inactivation of the total coliform, an indicator organism in chlorine dioxide, in order to assess the optimal disinfection procedure for drinking water treatment and distribution systems. This research focus on a number of factors, including the dosage of disinfectant, contact time, pH, temperature and DOC. Water samples were taken from the outlet of a settling basin at a conventional surface water treatment system. As the pH increased in the range of pH 6-9, the bactericidal effects of disinfectants decreased. Changes in levels of pH did not significantly after the disinfection effect of chlorine dioxide for total coliform. With an increase in temperature, there was a subsequent increase in the bactericidal effects of disinfectants. Thus, it is evident that a decrease in temperature will higher the CT values required to inactivate coliform for during the winter. DOC addition can also reduce total coliform inactivation. DOC is the most significant variable in total coliform inactivation with chlorine dioxide.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.77-81
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• 1998

득량만 해수에 대한 세균학적 수질을 평가하여 수출용 패류생산지정 해역수질에 합당한가를 파악함과 동시에 지표세균의 조성, 병원성 세균등을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 득량만 해수의 세균학적 수질은 만 안쪽의 연동지선의 일부해역 (area IV)을 제외하고는 수출용패류의 생산해역의 수질기준에 합당하였다. 2. 대장균군의 최확수는 해수 100ml당 <\;3.0\~4600$의 범위였으며 230을 초과하는 시료의 비율은 $7.4\%$였고, 분변계대장균의 최확수는 $<\;30\~1,100$의 범위였으며 43을 초과하는 시료의 비율은 $8.5\%$로 한계치 $10\%$에 미달하였다. 3. 강우시에는 비강우시에 비하여 세균 오염도가 높았으며 특히 93mm의 강우가 있은 48시간 이후에도 비강우시의 $6\~7$배나 높은 세균오염도를 나타내었다. 4. 대장균군의 분류결과 Escherichia coli가 약 $54\%$나 되어 오염원의 주류가 분변오염임을 알 수 있었다 5. 살모넬라, 시겔라, 콜레라균 등 수인성 병원세균은 검출되지 않았다. 6. 병원성 비브리오균은 여름철인 $6\~8$월 사이에는 시료의 $15\~20\%$에서 양성으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.193-202
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• 2002

The polymerase chain reaction(PCR) of target lacZ and uidA genes were used to detect total coliform and Escherichia coli for determining water quality, respectively. Of 109 spring waters, coliform were detected from 38 spring waters by lacZ PCR method but 21 spring waters by culture method accepted by the Ministry of Environment for water quality monitoring. The lacz PCR method gave the results statistically equivalent to those of the culture method(kappa=0.62, McNemar=17.00). The uidA PCR method gave the same results to those of the culture method. The sensitivity and specificity of coliform and E. coli by PCR method were 100% and 80.7%, respectively. Therefore, PCR can be used for the rapid identification of Escherichia coli and coliform in potable water using uidA and lacZ.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.28-31
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• 1974

A study was conducted to find out the biological contamination of wells in Chon Ho Dong areas, Seoul, Korea from May 4, 1971 through May 18 1971. Coliform groups were detected by membrane filter method and general sanitary conditions were checked. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) 61 wells (81.3%) out of 75 wells showed the evidence of coliform group. In urban areas it is recommended to use disinfectants for wells pretty frequently. 2) The wells in native villages were less contaminated than those in new villages established by poor people from slum areas of Seoul. 9 out of 15 wells at Song Pa Dong, which is However, at Bang E Dong's new village, 19 out of 20 wells were contaminatd by coliform groups. 3) Coliform groups were positive at 57 out of 61 open wells, while only 4 out of 14 pumping wells showed the evidence of coliform groups. 4) 38 out of 40 poorly drained wells were contaminated, however, 13 out of 25 well drained wells were coliform organisms positive.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제6권3_4호
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• pp.92-96
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• 1973

우리가 즐겨 먹고 있는 생선회의 위생지표 세균의 오염도를 파악하고 나아가서 식품의 위생관리에 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자 1971년 3월부터 5월까지 부산시내 각종 음식점에서 손님에게 제공된 상태의 생선회 25종류를 수집하여 위생지표 세균인 대장균군, 분변계대장균, 분변계연쇄상구균, 장구균 및 일반생균수를 시험하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. fecal streptococci나 enterococci MPN은 coliform group이나 fecal coliform MPN보다 매우 높았다. 2. 대장균군과 장구균의 중앙치는 각각 3,300, 5,400 이었으며 일반생균수의 중앙치는 $1.8\times10^5$이었다. 3, 분변계대장균 MPN 230이상인 것이 시료의 $52\%$였다. 4. 생선회의 위생지표 세균으로서는 장구균보다 분변계대장균이 보다 합리적이었다. 5. 일반적으로 생각하는 음식점의 우열과 세균 오염도는 일치하지 않았다. 6. 각 위생지표 세균과 일반생균수 사이에는 일정한 상관관계는 없었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.615-625
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• 2023

This study evaluated the bacteriological safety of seawater and abalone produced in Uisin-myeon, Jindo-gun from September 2020 to December 2022 and calculated the effect of inland pollution sources on seawater and abalone. We surveyed 33 stations for seawater, 4 stations for abalone, and 7 stations for discharge water of major inland pollutants. We analyzed the coliform group, fecal coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) as bacteria indicators. In 924 seawater samples, the geometric mean of the coliform group and fecal coliform were <1.8-5.6 MPN/100 mL and <1.8-2.7 MPN/100 mL, respectively. The estimated 90^th percentile range for the coliform group and fecal coliform were <1.8-42 MPN/100 mL and <1.8-8.4 MPN/100 mL, respectively. The fecal coliform and E. coli levels for 107 abalone were <18-460 MPN/100 g and <18-78 MPN/100 g respectively. Moreover, the analyzed standard plate count was <30-7,700 CFU/g. The fecal coliform level and diffusion area in 7 inland pollutants were <1.8-3,300,000 MPN/100 mL and 2-2,500 m, respectively. The bacteriological safety of seawater and abalone in Uisin-myeon, Jindo-gun, was demonstrated to be a designated area according to Korean standards, a conditionally approved area per US standards, and Class A according to EU standards.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2012

In coastal areas that are affected by continuous, seasonal or occasional pollution sources, bivalves accumulate biological contaminants such as pathogenic bacteria. We investigated the effect of natural seawater relaying and electrolyzed seawater depuration on the bacteriological quality of artificially contaminated oysters Crassostrea gigas and short-necked clams Ruditapes philippinarum to suggest an alternative method of shellfish sanitation control.When artificially contaminated oysters and short-necked clams (fecal coliform level 1,700 MPN/100 g) were relayed into a sea area of safe bacteriological water quality, the fecal coliform level dropped to below 110 MPN/100 g after 1 day. The bacteriological quality of oysters and short-necked clams that are contaminated at a fecal coliform level of 1,700 MPN/100 g could be improved, and become appropriate for raw consumption by a single day relay under proper environmental conditions. When artificially contaminated oysters (fecal coliform level 330 MPN/100 g) were depurated with electrolyzed seawater, 94% of fecal coliform was eliminated after 12 h and fecal coliform was undetectable after 24 h. After 24 h depuration with electrolyzed seawater, the fecal coliform level of short-necked clams with initial fecal coliform of 2,400 MPN/100 g was below 20 MPN/100 g. However, the fecal coliform level of short-necked clams with initial fecal coliform of 17,000 MPN/100 g was relatively high, at 790 MPN/100 g, even after 24 h of depuration with electrolyzed seawater, because of the repeated cycle of excretion and accumulation of fecal coliform in shellfish tissue under the closed depuration environment. Such natural seawater relaying and electrolyzed seawater depuration can be restrictively applied to improve or secure the bacteriological quality of oysters and short-necked clams in accordance with safety levels for bivalves for raw consumption.