• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 1998년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.14-21
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• 1998

In 1996, a cold-water damage occured in the paddy field at downstream of the Unmoon dam. To study the cause and the preventive measures of the cold-water damage a field study was performed during the growing season of 1997. Field measurements such as water temperatures at reservoir, irrigation canal and in the paddy field were made. As a result, there was no cold-water damage due to the right irrigation water management practice in 1997. The cold-water damage is passible to happen, however, and the preventive measures were provided.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제15권
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• pp.39-46
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• 1997

In 1996, a cold-water damage occured in the paddy field at the downstream of the Umoon dam. To study the cause and the preventive measures of the cold-water damage a field study was performed during the growing season of 1997. Field measurements such as water temperatures at reservoir, irrigation canal and in the paddy field were made. As a result, there was no cold-water damage due to the right irrigation water management practice in 1997. The cold-water damage is possible to happen, however, and the preventive measures were provided.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.52-59
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• 1999

Paddy rice is semi-tropical crop and requires warmirrigation water. If mean water temperature at the water source during the growing period is below 18$^{\circ}C$, sime kinds of water warming mechanism should be taken. In this study irrigation water temperature is measured and preventive measures to cold water damage on paddy rice are suggested. Field observations were performed at 100ha field area downtream of the Unmoon reservoir during the growing season of 1997. Land use, canal system, water temperature at irrigation canals. reservoir, and paddy fields were observed. In addition, growth and yield of the rice at selected plots were observed. Accordingly to the record, cold water damage occurred in this area due to the cold irrigation water supply in 1996. It did not occur because of the effective irrigation water management practice in 1997. However, several preventive measures such as pontoon intake system, using existing weir and construting a new warming pond, are suggested to prevent cold water damage in the future. If a new warming pond is construted to raise irrigation water temperature by 2 $^{\circ}C$, a pond area of 2.94 ha is required.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.270-274
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• 2015

산간지역의 계곡 물길의 매립과 지하배수관의 설치에 따른 인근 논에서 벼 냉수해에 대한 민원이 제기되어 벼 냉수해와 지하배수관 설치의 연관성 유무을 파악하기 위해서 현장조사 및 분석을 실시하였다. 결론적으로 지하배수관 설치로 인하여 계곡물의 온도가 지하배수관 설치 전보다 $0.5{\sim}4.5^{\circ}C$ 범위로 낮아진 것으로 분석되었고, 이 냉수를 농업용수로 관개한 하류쪽 논에서는 벼 냉수해가 발생할 가능성이 매우 높았을 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서, 적절한 수온상승 조치를 취하지 않으면 냉수해로 인하여 정상적인 수확이 불가능할 것으로 평가되었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

We can understand "Shanghanlun(傷寒論)" and "Wenbingtiaobian(溫病條辨)" which are major books on externally contracted diseases well by making a comparative study of their similarities and differences. After studying etiological causes and characteristics of disease, disease pattern, syndrome differentiation, transmutation rules, following conclusions are derived. While cold is an etiological cause of Cold damage and harms Yang qi, heat is an etiological cause of Warm disease and harms Yin qi. Cold damage and Warm disease have something in common in the respect of damage to fluid and humor and Yang qi. Exuberant heat symptom of Yang brightness disease and lesser yin heat transformation pattern have similar damage to fluid and humor as Warm disease does. Warm disease can reach qi collapse syndrome through damage to Yang qi following fluid and humor damage. In the respect of water qi, as Cold damage makes water-dampness retain easily due to cold congealing, dampness-draining diuretic medicinal and warm yang medicinal are used together. As warm disease damages fluid and humor, yin-tonifying medicinal is used and dampness-draining diuretic medicinal can be used in the case of Warm disease with dampness. In the respect of disease pattern, cold syndromes arise mostly by Cold damage except heat syndrome of grater yang disease, chest bind syndrome, stuffiness syndrome, reverting yin disease and yang brightness disease. Warm disease is classified as pure heat syndrome and heat syndrome with bowel excess, damage to yin, qi collapse or damage to blood.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2017

국내 한랭지역(강원권)의 경우 낮은 연평균 기온에 의한 도로터널 라이닝 내구성에 문제가 발생하게 된다. 이에 따라 라이닝에 균열, 망상균열, 박락, 박리, 누수 등의 문제가 발생하며, 해마다 경제적 손실 및 인명피해가 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 하지만 국내에서는 기온에 따른 도로터널 라이닝의 피해에 대한 연구는 미비한 상태이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 한랭지(강원권) 터널 70개를 조사함으로써 현재 한랭지역의 피해현황을 분석하였고, 같은 한랭지역 중 비교적 따뜻한 기온을 가지는 강릉 지역과 기온이 낮은 홍천 지역의 터널 라이닝 피해를 비교함으로써 기온이 도로터널 라이닝에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to assume the size of sliced piece, daily dose and extracting Method of Rhubarb in Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases.Methods : I contrast results of recent studies with assuming results based on original text of Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases.Results : Daily dose was 6, 4 or 2 Ryang in case of cutting Rhubarb in bean-size. These prescriptions were decocted with water or sinked in boiled water. Another daily doses were large baduk-piece size 6 units and baduk-piece size 6 units in case of cutting Rhubarb in size bigger than bean. The former was used in adding to the Jisilchijasi-tang in case of constipation, the latter was used in Sihogayonggolmoryeo-tang and Jeodang-tang. The size of large baduk-piece was 2.32 cm in width, 4.64 cm in length, 4.3 g in weight, and the length and weight of baduk-piece was half of that was. Two sizes of Rhubarbs were sunk in water for 12 hours. After decocting the other ingredients, mixed Rhubarb extraction and Rhubarb, and then boiled it for 1 minute.Conclusions : From this study, daily dose of Rhubarb was 6, 4 or 2 Ryang and the 6 pieces of large baduk-piece or baduk-piece are respectively 4 or 2 Ryang. The extracting methods was decocting, sinking in boiled water for short time, sinking in water for long time and then mixing these with other decocted solution.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.363-380
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• 2018

Objectives : We analyzed the principle of compatibility of socheongnyong-tang and expanded the range of application in clinical practice. Methods : Socheongnyong-tang was analyzed by the compatibility principle through the system of chief, deputy, assistant, and envoy, but the basic formulas of "Discussion of Cold Damage" and "Synopsis of the Golden Chamber" was used. Results : Socheongnyong-tang treats exterior wind-cold and interior water accumulation. Exterior wind-cold is treated mainly by exterior-releasing herbs constituting mahwang-tang and gyeji-tang in "Discussion of Cold Damage", and interior water accumulation is treated mainly by retained fluid-resolving herbs constituting yeonggamomigangsinha-tang, yeonggamomigagangsinbanhahaengin-tang and yeonggamomigagangsinbanhaengdaehwang-tang in "Synopsis of the Golden Chamber". Depending on the weight of exterior wind-cold and interior water accumulation, the disease condition is classified as a case where exterior wind-cold is heavier than interior water accumulation, a case where exterior wind-cold is lighter than interior water accumulation, and a case where it is equivalent. When exterior wind-cold is heavier than interior water accumulation, chief herbs are Ephedrae Herba and Cinnamomi Ramulus of exterior-releasing herbs series and deputy herbs are Zingiberis Rhizoma and Asari Radix et Rhizoma of retained fluid-resolving herbs series. When exterior wind-cold is equal to the disease condition of interior water accumulation, chief herbs are Ephedrae Herba of exterior-releasing herbs series and Zingiberis Rhizoma of retained fluid-resolving herbs series, and deputy herbs are Cinnamomi Ramulus of the exterior-releasing herbs series and Asari Radix et Rhizoma of retained fluid-resolving herbs series. When exterior wind-cold is lighter than interior water accumulation, chief herbs are Zingiberis Rhizoma and Asari Radix et Rhizoma of retained fluid-resolving herbs series and deputy herbs are Ephedrae Herba and Cinnamomi Ramulus of exterior-releasing herbs series. In any case, assistant herbs are Pinelliae Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix alba, and Schisandrae Fructus, and envoy herb is Glycyrrhizae Radix preparata. Conclusions : In conclusion, socheongnyong-tang must differently formulate the system of chief, deputy, assistant, and envoy according to the grade of exterior wind-cold and interior water accumulation. These results suggest that socheongnyong-tang can be applied flexibly when applied in clinical practice to enhance the therapeutic effect.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.385-397
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• 1982

The climatic impacts have been the environmental constraints with soil characteristics to achieve self sufficiency of food production in Korea. In this paper, the distribution and appearance of impacts and the changes in climatological status due to recent trend of early transplanting of rice are widely discussed to derive some countermeasures against the impacts, being focussed on cultural A long term analysis of the climatic impact appearances of the last 74 years showed that drought, strong wind, flood, cold spell and frost were the major impacts. Before 1970's, the drought damage was the greatest among the climatic impacts; however, the expansion and improvement of irrigation and drainage system markedly decreased the damage of drought and heavy rain. The appearance of cold damage became more frequent than before due to introduction of early transplanting for more thermophilic new varieties. Tongillines which were from Indica and Japonica crosses throw more attention to cold damage for high yields to secure high temperature in heading and ripening stages and lead weakness to cold and drought damage in early growth stage after transplanting. The plants became subject to heavy rain in ripening stage also. For the countermeasures against cold damage, the rational distribution of adequate varieties according to the regional climatic conditions and planting schedule should be imposed on the cultivation. A detoured water way to increase water temperature might be suggestable in the early growth stage. Heavy application of phosphate to boost rooting and tillering also would be a nutritional control method. In the heading and ripening stages, foliar application of phosphate and additional fertilization of silicate might be considerable way of nutritional control. Since the amount of solar radiation and air temperature in dry years were high, healthy plants for high yield could be obtained; therefere, the expansion of irrigation system and development of subsurface water should be performed as one of the national development projects. To minimize the damage of strong wind and rainfall, the rational distribution of varieties with different growing periods in the area where the damage occurred habitualy should be considered with installation of wind breaks. Not only vertical windbreaks but also a horizontal wind break using a net might be a possible way to decrease the white heads in rice field by dry wind. Finally, to establish the integrated countermeasures against the climatic impacts, the detailed interpretation on the regional climatic conditions should be conducted to understand distribution and frequency of the impacts. The expansion of observation net work for agricultural meteorology and development of analysis techniques for meteorological data must be conducted in future together with the development of the new cultural techniques.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제34권s02호
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• pp.34-44
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• 1989

우리나라의 벼안전재배는 기상환경에 의해서 크게 좌우된다. 그러므로 기상재해를 경감시키기 위한 신품종의 육성 및 재배법 연구는 매우 중요하다. 그중에서도 벼의 냉해는 그동안 여러번에 걸쳐 심한 피해를 가져다 주어 그 중요성이 확인되어 많은 연구가 실시되었다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 냉해의 발생원인과 기작을 살펴보고 그 경감대책을 종합하여 보다 더 효율적인 연구와 실질적인 재배의 기초자료로 활용하고저 한다. 1. 우리나라 벼 냉해 상습지는 전국적으로 1,709개소에 약 15,522ha에 분포하고 있다. 2. 벼유묘기 냉해는 발아불량, 적고현상, 고사 및 뜸묘의 발생 등으로 나타난다. 3. 영양생장기의 냉해는 활착불량으로 분얼수가 감소하여 단위면적당 수수가 적고, 생육지연 및 유수형성 지연으로 출수가 지연된다. 4. 생식생장 초기의 냉해는 지경 및 영화의 퇴화, 발육정지가 되고, 감수분열기에는 화분발육의 조해로 불념이 증가되고 수장이 단축되며 출수지연으로 수량감소에 큰 영향을 준다. 5. 출수 및 등숙기 냉해는 개화, 출수 지연으로 수분, 수정이 불량하며 이삭목의 추출불량, 등숙불량 및 쌀의 미질이 불량하게 된다. 이상과 같은 냉해를 경감시키기 위한 기술시책으로는 6. 중산간지 및 산간고냉지에 적용되며, 내냉성이 높은 품종육성 7. 밭못리 육묘와 ABA, 후치왕, 다찌에스 등의 생장조정제를 이용한 건묘육성 8. 냉수답이나 냉해상습지에는 토양개량 및 육기작 시용으로 보비로 튼튼한 벼생육을 가져 온다. 9. 냉해시에는 깊게 물대기와 냉수관개시에는 우회수로, 비닐튜브 등을 이용한 물온도 높여 주기 등 합리적인 물관리가 필요하다. 10. 각 지역의 최고, 평균, 최저온도를 기본으로 한 안전작기를 책정하여 적기에 적품종을 재배하여야 한다.