• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.109.2-109.2
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• 2016

현민지브이티(Genesis)는 중소기업청 중소기업개발지원사업의 일환으로 진행된 2014년도 구매조건부 신제품 개발사업에 선정되어 '극저온 G-M냉동기를 이용한 대용량 Cold Trap개발'과제를 수행하면서 32인치 급으로 수분에 대해서 30,000[L/s] 이상의 배기속도를 가지는 대형 CWP를 개발하고 있다. 1차년도(2015년) 목표는 80K에서 200W급 단단 G-M극저온 냉동기를 개발하는 것이고, 2차년도(2016년) 목표는 이를 장착하여 30,000[L/s]의 물 배기속도 능력을 갖춘 32인치(800mm)급 직부형(appendage) CWP를 개발하는 것이다. 여기에서 가장 큰 문제점은 CWP 시스템의 물 배기속도를 실제로 측정하는 것이다. 왜냐하면 지금까지는 물(H2O)이 가진 독특한 물리적 특성으로 인해 배기속도 측정에 많은 어려움이 있어 이론적으로 계산한 값을 사용해 왔다. (심지어 크라이오 펌프 제조사 조차도 실험하지 않고 이론적인 계산 값을 일반적으로 사용한다.) 그러나 최근 본 과제 외에 물 배기속도 측정에 관한 요구사례와 일부 크라이오 펌프 제조사에서 수행하고 있다는 보고가 있는 바, 실제 물배기속도 시스템을 구축하여 이론과 실제 사이의 차이와 측정의 어려움 등에 관해 규명하고자 하였다. 물 배기속도 측정 방법은 크게 2가지로 나눌 수 있다. 첫째, 시스템으로 흘리는 물의 양을 Liquid MFC를 이용하여 먼저 측정한 후 Vaporizer로 보내어 기화 시키며 배기속도를 측정하는 방법. 둘째, 물을 Vaporizer로 먼저 기화시킨 후에 High Temp. MFM으로 기체 유량을 측정하며 배기속도를 측정하는 방법이 그것이다. 이에 국내 최초로 두 가지 방법 모두를 사용하여 표준화 된 물 배기속도 측정 설비를 구축하였고, 20인치(500mm) 크라이오 펌프와 인라인(inline)형 CWP 모델에 대한 물 배기속도 측정을 성공적으로 완료할 수 있었다. 향후 본 시험 방법과 결과를 토대로 32인치(800mm) 직부형 CWP 모델에 대한 물 배기속도 측정시험을 수행하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.350-356
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• 1988

A pilot plant scale freeze dryer was designed and manufactured and its performance was tested. Freezing capacity of water vapor in the developed freeze dryer was 8㎏/batch and heating and defrosting methods were conduction and hot gas types, respectively. And exhausting time of vacuum pump was 7-8 minutes and temperature of cold trap was kept below $-50^{\circ}C$. In the freeze drying of fruits and vegetables, its optimum and maximum drying capacities were 2 and 4㎏/batch, respectively. Performance of the new freeze dryer was compared quite well with a foreign made freeze dryer.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.909-913
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• 2018

A hydrocarbon trap (HT) plays an important role of controlling vehicle emissions in the so-called cold emission period by holding hydrocarbons until three way catalysts (TWCs) are thermally activated. In this study, we have investigated the adsorption characteristics of cation (H, La, K, and Ag)-exchanged ZSM-5 zeolites for hydrocarbons (propylene, n-butane, and toluene) by DFT (density functional theory)-based computational chemistry. Cation exchange is to improve the hydrothermal stability of zeolites and their adsorption capacity, thereby rendering cation-exchanged zeolites promising materials for HT. The idea of cluster approximation makes the calculation of adsorption energies superbly efficient in computation. The results showed that Ag-exchanged ZSM-5 would be the best for the adsorption of all three adsorbates, without often encountered Ag oxidation in experiments. Besides, the hydrothermal stability of La-exchanged ZSM-5 was confirmed from the change of geometrical parameters by cation exchange, and it showed good adsorption capacity for propylene and toluene. Hydrogen-exchanged ZSM-5 was also good for hydrogen adsorption, but had poor hydrothermal stability.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.08a
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• pp.74-75
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• 2000

The past few decades have witnessed the development of very robust technique, known as magneto-optical trap(MOT), for cooling and trapping of neutral atoms using lasers and magnetic fields. This technique can easily produce cooled atoms to a temperature range of nano-kelvin $s^{(1)}$ . These laser cooled and trapped atoms have found applications in various fields, such as ultrahigh resolution spectroscopy, precision atomic clocks, very cold atomic collision physics, Bose-Einstein Condensation, the Atom laser, etc. Particularly, a few isolated atoms of very low temperature are needed in the cavity QED studies in the optical regime. One can obtain such atoms from a MOT using the atomic fountain technique. The widely used technique for atomic fountain is, first to cool and trap the neutral atoms in MOT. And then launch them in the vertical (1, 1, 1) direction with respect to cooling beams, using moving molasses technique. Recently, this technique combined with the cavity-QED has opened an active area of basic research. This way atoms can be strongly coupled to the optical radiation in the cavity and leads to various new effects. Trapping of single atom after separating it from MOT in the high Q-optical cavity is actively initiated presentl $y^{(2.3)}$. This will help to sharpen our understanding of atom-photon interaction at quantum level and may lead to the development of single-atom laser. Our efforts to develop an $^{85}$ Rb-atomic fountain is in progress. (omitted)

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.144-157
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• 2022

Noble gases, which are chemically inert and behave conservatively in marine environments, have been used as tracers of physical processes such as air-sea gas exchange, mixing of water masses, and distribution of glacial meltwater in the ocean. For precise measurements of Ne, Ar, and Kr, we developed a mass spectrometric system consisting of a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS), a high vacuum preparation line, an activated charcoal cryogenic trap (ACC), and a set of isotope standard gases. The high vacuum line consists of three sections: (1) a sample extraction section that extracts the dissolved gases in the sample and mixes them with the standard gases, (2) a gas preparation section that removes reactive gases using getters and separates the noble gases according to their evaporation points with the ACC, and (3) a gas analysis section that measures concentrations of each noble gas. The ACC attached to the gas preparation section markedly lowered the partial pressures of Ar and CO₂ in the QMS, which resulted in a reduced uncertainty of Ne isotope analysis. The isotope standard gases were prepared by mixing ²²Ne, ³⁶Ar, and ⁸⁶Kr. The amounts of each element in the mixed standard gases were determined by the reverse isotope dilution method with repeated measurements of the atmosphere. The analytical system achieved precisions for Ne, Ar, and Kr concentrations of 0.7%, 0.7%, and 0.4%, respectively. The accuracies confirmed by the analyses of air-equilibrated water were 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.7% for Ne, Ar, and Kr, respectively.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.57-60
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• 2008

KEPRI has studied planar type SOFC stacks using anode-supported single cells and kW class co-generation systems for residential power generation. A 1kW class SOFC system consisted of a hot box part, a cold BOP part and a water reservoir. A hot box part contains a SOFC stack made up of 48 single cells and ferritic stainless steel interconnectors, a fuel reformer, a catalytic combustor and heat exchangers. Thermal management and insulation system were especially designed for self-sustainable operation. A cold BOP part was composed of blowers, pumps, a water trap and system control units. When a 1kW class SOFC system was operated at $750^{\circ}C$ with hydrogen after pre-treatment process, the stack power was 1.2kW at 30 A and 1.6kW at 50A. Turning off an electric furnace, the SOFC system was operated using hydrogen and city gas without any external heat source. Under self-sustainable operation conditions, the stack power was about 1.3kW with hydrogen and 1.2kW with city gas respectively. The system also recuperated heat of about 1.1kW by making hot water.

• 한국가스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.09a
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• pp.260-265
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• 1997

Analysis of trace impurities in the bulk .gas has been very important with the development of semi-conductor related industry. In the paper, we reported the analysis of the trace impurites of carbon monoxide and methane in the bulk helium and hydrogen by the GC-TCD with a cold nitrogen trap. We compared these results by the paraallel analysis. All data showed a good correspondence, showing reliable statistical error ranges.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.405-411
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• 2010

A 5kW class SOFC cogeneration system consisted of a hot box part, a cold BOP (balance of plant) part, and a hot water reservoir. The hot box part contained a stack, a fuel reformer, a catalytic combustor, and heat exchangers. A cold BOP part was composed of blowers, pumps, a water trap, and system control units. A 5kW stack was designed to integrate 2 sub-modules. In this paper, the 5kW class SOFC system was operated using 2 short stacks connected in parallel to test the sub-module and the system. A short stack had 15 cells with $15{\times}15 cm^2$ area. When a natural gas was used, the total power was about 1.38 kW at 120A. Because the sub-modules were connected in parallel and current was loaded using a DC load, voltages of sub-modules were same and the currents were distributed according to the resistance of sub-modules. The voltage of the first stack was 11.46 V at 61A and the voltage of the second stack was 11.49V at 59A.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.217-227
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• 1984

Fish samples were collected by a trap net during 1981∼82 at the mouth of Cheonsu Bay to determine seasonal fluctuations in abundance and species composition. Examination of a series of trap net catches indicated that trap net data could be used, at least, for a qualitative analyses of a fish community and for a quantitative study of some pelagic fishes of Cheonsu Bay. Of the 64 species collected, a few temporal components predominated in abundance because of great seasonal fluctuations of water temperature. The early spring catch showed a low abundance value, and two cold weather seasonals, juvenile Enedrias fangi and Ammodytes personatus predominated in number and in weight. The number of species, abundance value in number and in biomass showed a peak in late spring when fishes move into bay for spawning and feeding after over-winterinig in the sea. Three pelagic species or warm weather seasonals, Harengula zunasi , Ammodytes personatus and Konosirus punctatus, predominated in abundance values. In this period night catch was significantly larger than day catch in terms of number of species, abundance in number and in weight Summer data showed a marked reduction of the number of species and abundance due to the loss of spawners probably by mortality or wide dipersion after spawning. A slight increase in abundance was observed in autumn by recruitment of the young-of-the-years. This catch was predominated by three juvenile fishes, H. zunasi, E. japonica and K. punctatus, which were the same species as in spring. The autumn catch showed no significant difference between day and night compositions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1221-1228
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• 2013

Two lipase genes (bpl1 and bpl3) from Antarctic Bacillus pumilus strains were expressed in Bacillus subtilis. Both recombinant lipases BPL1 and BPL2 were secreted to the culture medium and their activities reached 3.5 U/ml and 5.0 U/ml, respectively. Their molecular masses apparent using SDS-PAGE were 23 kDa for BPL1 and 19 kDa for BPL3. Both lipases were purified to homogeneity using ammonium sulfate precipitation and HiTrap SP FF column and Superose 12 column chromatographies. The final specific activities were estimated to be 328 U/mg for BPL1 and 310 U/mg for BPL3. Both lipases displayed an optimum temperature of $35^{\circ}C$, similar to other mesophilic enzymes. However, they maintained as much as 70% and 80% of the maximum activities at $10^{\circ}C$. Accordingly, their calculated activation energy at a temperature range of $10-35^{\circ}C$ was 5.32 kcal/mol for BPL1 and 4.26 kcal/mol for BPL3, typical of cold-adapted enzymes. The optimum pH of BPL1 and BPL3 was 8.5 and 8.0, respectively, and they were quite stable at pH 7.0-11.0, showing their strong alkaline tolerance. Both lipases had a preference toward medium chain length ($C_6-C_{10}$) fatty acid substrates. These results indicate the potential for the two Antarctic B. pumilus lipases as catalysts in bioorganic synthesis, food, and detergent industries.