• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.35-41
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• 2023

Objectives : Washing face is the first step in skin beauty and health. I wanted to study the cleansing effect by using Placenta cp (cold process) soap. The skin condition is greatly influenced by the external environment such as lifestyle, drinking, smoking, and stress etc. I tried to measure the skin change state without environmental factors. Methods : In order to examine the effect before and after washing face under the same conditions, the same water and towel were used in the same place. The skin test was performed before and 10 minutes after washing. As a control group, a case of washing with water and foam cleanser. I compared and analyzed three cases: water washing, F/C (foam cleanser) washing, and Placenta cp soap washing. Results : In the case of water washing, it was significantly reduced in pores and increased in facial temperature. In the case of F/C washing, the facial temperature was significantly increased, but the decrease in moisture. In the case of washing with Placenta cp soap, significant reductions in T-zone and U-zone oil content, reduction in pore size, and increase in facial skin temperature were observed. Conclusion : In the case of Placenta cp soap, it is thought to be suitable for oily skin type, because of significant decrease in T-zone and U-zone oil content. It is thought to have the effect of increasing blood circulation in the facial skin and to reduce pores for oily skin types.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.134-147
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• 2022

The objective of this study is to determine the effect of fiber direction arrangement and layer composition of hybrid bamboo laminate boards on the physical and mechanical properties. The raw material used was tali bamboo (Gigantochloa apus (J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Kurs) rope in the form of flat sheets (zephyr) and falcata veneer (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielsen). Zephyr bamboo was arranged in three layers using water-based isocyanate polymer (WBPI) with a glue spread rate of 300 g/m². There were variations in the substitution of the core layer with falcata veneers (hybrid) as much as two layers and using a glue spread rate of 170 g/m². The laminated bamboo board was cold-pressed at a pressure of 22.2 kgf/cm² for 1 h, and the physical and mechanical properties were evaluated. The results showed that the arrangement of the fiber direction significantly affected the dimensional stability, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, shear strength, and screw withdrawal strength. However, the composition of the layers had no significant effect on the physical and mechanical properties. The bonding quality of bamboo laminate boards with WBPI was considered to be quite good, as shown by the absence of delamination in all test samples. The bamboo hybrid laminate board can be an alternative based on the physical and mechanical properties that can meet laminated board standards.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.273-280
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• 2023

Background: Intraoral local anesthesia is essential for delivering dental care; however, injection of this local anesthetic is perceived as the most painful and distressing agent for children, parents, and healthcare providers. Reducing pain as much as possible is essential to ensure smooth subsequent treatment procedures, especially in pediatric dentistry. In clinical practice, oral sucrose administration has been reported to decrease the pain during heel lance and cold pressor tests in neonates and children. This study aimed to determine whether the prior administration of a 30% sucrose solution reduced the pain related to inferior alveolar nerve block in children. Methods: A total of 42 healthy children aged 7-10 years requiring dental treatment of mandibular molars involving inferior alveolar nerve block were recruited. The participants' demographic details were recorded, height and weight were measured, and the anesthetic injection was delivered after receiving the respective intraoral sucrose solution and distilled water by the intervention (group 1) and control (group 2) group participants for 2 min. The subjective pain perceived during injection was measured using an animated emoji scale. The pain scores between the groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The median pain score and range for the intervention and control groups were 4 (2 - 6) and 6 (4 - 8), respectively, and statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) were observed in the intervention group. Age, sex, height, and weight did not influence the analgesic effect of the sucrose solution. Conclusion: Oral administration of sucrose may relieve pain associated with inferior alveolar nerve block in children.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Dental Administration
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 2023

Social phobia is a mental disorder that triggers physical reactions, such as cold sweats, headaches, and panic attacks, as a result of anxiety about a particular situation. Individuals with social phobia are thought to be more sensitive to dental anxiety and may have difficulty visiting the dentist as a result. This study aimed to determine the relationship between social phobia and dental fear among college students, who are reported to have a high prevalence of social phobia. A total of 120 survey responses were analyzed. To investigate the variation in dental fear levels based on the level of social phobia, the total social phobia score was divided into two groups: 41 points or more, and 40 points or less. The disparity in dental fear scores was then analyzed using a t-test. The study found that the average score for dental fear was statistically significantly higher in the group with a total social phobia score of 41 points or more compared to the group with a total score of 40 points or less (p<0.05). Furthermore, the group that scored 41 points or higher on the social phobia scale reported experiencing symptoms such as feeling nauseous at the dentist (3.29 points), sweating upon entering the dentist (3.13 points), and feeling afraid when looking at the dentist (3.13 points). The score was high (p<0.05). Therefore, dental patients exhibiting anxiety symptoms require a comfortable treatment environment to alleviate dental fear, and safe, pain-free dental treatment techniques must be employed.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.95-95
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• 2022

Kadsura heteroclita (Roxb.) Craib and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms. have been known to give effects on pimple. Jatropha gossypiifolia L., Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze, Kadsura heteroclita (Roxb.) Craib extracts have been used for cough cold for a long time. To test whether Jatropha, Anisomeles, Kadsura and Eichhornia have anti-oxidant acitivity, we performed DPPH assay. Jatropha showed 91.98% anti-oxidant activity and Anisomeles, Eichhornia and Kasuda showed 47.91%, 47.35% and 32.00% anti-oxidant activity, respectively, compared to Ascorbic acid control. To further determine whether these extracts have any cytotoxic effects, we used MTT assay with these extracts in Raw264.7 cells. Jatropha showed 45.10% survival rate and Anisomeles, Eichhornia and Kasuda showed 76.78%, 86.24% and 82.88% survival rate, respectively, compared to negative control. Taken together, these results suggest that Jatropha showed higher anti-oxidant activity than other plant extracts, however it has cytotoxic effect. Therefore, we consider Anisomeles, Eichhornia and Kasuda extracts might be a good candidate to develop as a therapeutic agent with higher anti-oxidant acitivity and lower cytotoxic effects among the tested plant extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.262-269
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• 2023

Objectives: Anterior maxillary sinus wall fractures are common in all types of maxillofacial trauma. They can result in various complications, including injury to the surrounding nerves. Owing to its anatomy, trauma to the maxillary antrum can result in injury to the middle superior alveolar nerve (MSAN) and the anterior superior alveolar nerve (ASAN). The purpose of this study is to evaluate neurosensory deficits (NSD) present in maxillary gingiva, incisors, and premolars after injury to the anterior wall of the maxillary antrum. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted among 39 patients sustaining unilateral fractures of the anterior maxillary sinus wall. Clinical neurosensory tests including two-point discrimination and fine touch discrimination were performed to classify the extent of nerve injuries as mild, moderate, severe, or anesthetic. Additional temperature discrimination and pulpal sensibility tests (electric pulp testing and cold testing) were carried out. A comparison of radiographic fracture patterns and severity of nerve injury was done. Testing was carried out immediately after trauma and at 2-month follow-up. Results: More than half of the patients assessed in the study group presented with NSD of the teeth and gingiva after trauma. The incidence of deficits varied with the type of test used to measure them. Most frequently, patients presented with both loss of two point as well as fine touch discrimination thresholds. Severe nerve injuries were associated with loss of temperature discrimination clinically and displaced fractures radiographically. There was no significant relationship between the recovery of pulpal and gingival sensation. The patterns of injury and recovery in ASAN and MSAN were similar. Conclusion: NSD after trauma to the maxillary antrum is relatively common. Clinical loss of temperature discrimination and radiographic signs of fracture lines passing through the canalis sinuosus are predictors of persistent and severe oral NSD.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.1094-1104
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• 2023

Aggression in horses may cause serious accidents during riding and non-riding activities. Hence, predicting the temperament of horses is essential for selecting suitable horses and ensuring safety during the activity. In certain animals, such as hamsters, plasma melatonin concentrations have been correlated with aggressive behavior. However, whether this relationship applies to horses remains unclear. To address this research gap, this study aimed to evaluate differences in the plasma melatonin concentrations among horses of different breeds, ages, and sexes and examine the correlation between plasma melatonin concentrations and the temperament of the horses, including docility, affinity, dominance, and trainability. Blood samples from 32 horses were collected from the Horse Industry Complex Center of Jeonju Kijeon College. The docility, affinity, dominance, and trainability of the horses were assessed by three professional trainers who were well-acquainted with the horses. Plasma melatonin concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The consequent values were compared between the horses of different breeds, ages, and sexes using a three-way analysis of variance and least significant difference post hoc test. Linear regression analysis was employed to identify the relationship between plasma melatonin concentrations and docility, affinity, dominance, and trainability. The results showed that the plasma melatonin concentrations significantly differed with breeds in Thoroughbred and cold-blooded horses. However, there were no differences in the plasma melatonin concentrations between the horse ages and sexes. Furthermore, plasma melatonin concentrations did not exhibit a significant correlation with the ranking of docility, affinity, dominance, and trainability.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.193-202
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• 2024

This research delves into the evaluation of the suitability of ultrasonic pulse velocity as a diagnostic tool for early detection of frost damage in concrete. The investigation involves the measurement of compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity concerning the depth of freezing for individual mortar specimens, followed by an analysis of their microstructure and their interrelation. The findings indicate a consistent decrease in both compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity with increasing freezing depth. Furthermore, a correlation between compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity concerning the depth of early frost damage is established. Consequently, the study asserts the potential of utilizing the ultrasonic pulse velocity method for early detection of frost damage in concrete, with prospects for quantifying the depth of damage through further research endeavors.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2024

With the increasing global interest in carbon neutrality, the automotive industry is also transitioning to the production of eco-friendly cars, specifically electric vehicles. In order to achieve comparable driving distances to internal combustion engine vehicles, the application of high-capacity battery packs has led to an increase in vehicle weight. To achieve light-weighting and durability requirements of automotive components simultaneously, there is a demand for research on the application of Ultra-High Strength Steel (UHSS). However, when manufacturing chassis components using UHSS, there are challenges related to fracture defects due to lower elongation compared to regular steel sheets, as well as spring-back issues caused by high tensile strength. In this study, a simulated specimen that is not affected by the property changes of four materials was designed to improve formability of the rear cross member, which is the most challenging automotive chassis component. The influence and correlation of material-specific variables were analyzed through finite element analysis (FEA) for each material with tensile strength of 440, 590, 780, and 980 MPa grades, resulting in the development of a predictive equation. To validate the equation, the simulated specimens of 980 MPa grade were produced from the test molds. Then the reliability of the FEA and predictive equation was verified with measured specimen data using a 3D scanner. The results of this study can be proposed to improve the formability of UHSS chassis components in future researches.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5877-5884
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• 2014

Recently, abnormally cold weather has been reported more frequently in winter due to the climate change and abnormal weather changes. On the other hand, the heating capacity of a railcar may be not enough to warm the cabin under severe cold climatic conditions, which is one of the reasons for the passengers' complaints about heating. In this study, the effects of ambient temperature and heater power on the cabin temperature was investigated to obtain the minimum ambient temperature for the tested railcar. The test railcar was placed in a large-climatic chamber, and various ambient temperature conditions were simulated. The effects of the heater output were investigated by monitoring the cabin temperature under a range of heater output conditions. The mean cabin temperature was $14.0^{\circ}C$, which was far lower than the required minimum temperature of $18^{\circ}C$, under a $-10^{\circ}C$ ambient temperature condition with the maximum heat power. When the ambient temperature was set to $0^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$, the maximum achievable cabin temperature was $26.1^{\circ}C$ and $34.0^{\circ}C$. Through calculations using the interpolation method, the minimum ambient temperature to maintain an $18^{\circ}C$ cabin temperature was $-6.7^{\circ}C$ for this car. The vertical temperature difference was higher with a higher power output and higher ambient temperature. The maximum vertical temperature difference was higher than $10^{\circ}C$ in some cases. However, the horizontal temperature difference vs. low temperature (< $2^{\circ}C$) was independent of the power output and ambient temperature. As a result, it is very important to reduce the vertical temperature difference to achieve good heating performance.