• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.349-354
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• 2004

It is impossible to overestimate the importance of the medical examination. The medical examination and treatment method is composed of Mang(inspection)-Moon(listening)-Moon(anammesis & question)-Jeol(pulse feeling, precussion etc.). Among these 4 methods, the Diagnosis of the Abdominal Region, which is one of the JeolJin, is regarded as the most important method along with pulse feeling. The Diagnosis of the Abdominal Region, which includes the examination of the symptoms and their changes in stomach area to understand the pathological progress of the JangFu, Meridian and Qi-Blood, has been highly emphasized in Western and Eastern Medical Science. External trouble, for instance a cold, can be detected by examining pulse, Internal trouble, for instance indigestion, by Diagnosis of the Abdominal Region. Though the Diagnosis of the Abdominal Region was the important part of the JeolJin, it was often devaluated. The Diagnosis of the Abdominal Region will also be composed of 4 kinds of method on Mang-Moon-Moon-Jeol. We thought that the first of the Abdominal Region Diagnosis is a Mangjin(inspection). So we present the new viewpoint of the abdomen of a diagnosis through emphasizing the importance of Mangjin(inspection).

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.60-74
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• 2007

For quantitative analysis of spatio-temporal distribution pattern on marine environment, spatial autocorrelation statistics on the both global and local aspects was applied to the observed data obtained from Gwangyang Bay in South Sea of Korea. Global indexes such as Moran's I and General G were used for understanding environmental distribution pattern in the whole study area. LISAs (local indicators of spatial association) such as Moran's I ($I_i$) and $G_i{^*}$ were considered to find similarity between a target feature and its neighborhood features and to detect hot spot and/or cold spot. Additionally, the significance test on clustered patterns by Z-scores was carried out. Statistical results showed variations of spatial patterns quantitatively in the whole year. Then all of general water quality, nutrients, chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton had strong clustered pattern in summer. When global indexes showed strong clustered pattern, the front region with a negative $I_i$ which means a strong spatial variation was observed. Also, when global indexes showed random pattern, hot spot and/or cold spot were/was found in the small local region with a local index $G_i{^*}$. Therefore, global indexes were useful for observing the strength and time series variations of clustered patterns in the whole study area, and local indexes were useful for tracing the location of hot spot and/or cold spot. Quantification of both spatial distribution pattern and clustering characteristics may play an important role to understand marine environment in depth and to find the reasons for spatial pattern.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.210-216
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• 2018

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of difference in cold-tolerance and growth characteristics of variety on forage productivity of Italian ryegrass(IRG) in middle region of Korea from 2017 to 2018. Cold-tolerance of IRG was significant different between varieties(p<0.05). Overwinter rate of domestic variety of IRG was higher than that of foreign variety(p<0.05). Among early-maturing varieties, overwinter rate of Kowinearly was highest as 68% that was 33% higher than that of Florida 80. Among middle-maturing varieties, overwinter rate of Kowinmaster was highest as 70% that was 28% higher than that of Tam 90. DM yield of IRG was significant different between varieties(p<0.05). Among early-maturing varieties, DM yield of Kowinearly and Greenfarm 2 was about 3 to 3.5 ton/ha more than that of Florida 80. Among middle-maturing varieties, DM yield of Kowinmaster was about 2ton/ha more than that of winter-hawk or Tam 90. There is a direct correlation between forage productivity and cold-tolerance of IRG variety(p<0.01). These results suggested that choice of early- or middle-maturing variety with cold-tolerant is more important for increasing the forage productivity of IRG If harvesting for roughage have to be finished in the middle ten days of May in middle region of Korea.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.2273-2278
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• 2007

Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger (BPHE) is a type of compact plate heat exchanger with parallel corrugated plates which are brazed together in series. Each plate hascorrugation called herringbone pattern. Inside a BPHE, hot fluid and cold fluid alternate its flow direction to establish counter current flow configuration. Two-phase flow heat transfer and pressure drop of R-22 in BPHE were experimentally measured in this study. In the present experiments, single-phase region and two-phase region coexist in a BPHE. Therefore, the inside of a BPHE have to be divided into single phase region and two phase region and analyzed accordingly. The results from the single phase flow analysis are then extended to the two phase flow analysis to correlate the condensation and evaporation heat transfer and pressure drop for the refrigerant R-22 in the BPHEs. Previous models for two- phase friction factor have been compared with the present experimental results.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.96-101
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• 2015

Purpose: Thermal sensory test as an essential part of quantitative sensory testing (QST) has been recognized as a useful tool in the evaluation of the trigeminal nerve function. Normative data in the orofacial region have been reported but the data on differences in the test site, sex and ethnicity are still insufficient. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the normal range of orofacial thermal QST data in the healthy Korean women, and assess sex difference of thermal perception in the orofacial regions. Methods: Thermal QST was conducted on 20 healthy women participants (mean age, 26.4 years; range, 21 to 34 years). The thermal thresholds (cold detection threshold, CDT; warm detection threshold, WDT; cold pain threshold, CPT; and heat pain threshold, HPT) were measured bilaterally at the 5 trigeminal sites (the forehead, cheek, mentum, lower lip and tongue tip). The normative thermal thresholds of women in the orofacial region were evaluated using one-way ANOVA and compared with the previously reported data from age- and site-matched 30 healthy men (mean age, 26.1 years; range, 23 to 32 years) using two-way ANOVA. One experienced operator performed the tests of both sexes and all tests were done in the same condition except the time variability. Results: Women showed significant site differences for the CDT (p<0.001), WDT (p<0.001), and HPT (p=0.047) in the orofacial region. The CDT (p<0.001) and the CPT (p=0.007) presented significant sex difference unlike the WDT and the HPT. Conclusions: The thermal sensory evaluation in the orofacial region should be considered in the context of site and sex and the normative data in this study could be useful for assessment of the sensory abnormalities in the clinical setting.

• Atmosphere
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 2008

This study examines one thermal index, perceived temperature (PT), over the Korean Peninsula during 2007 summer. Heat/cold stress has been described using air temperature and humidity for warm seasons and air temperature and wind velocity in the cold conditions, while PT is based on a heat budget model of the human body that considers air temperature, humidity, wind velocity and radiation effect regardless of climates, regions and seasons. PT is higher about $4-5^{\circ}C$ than air temperature in the summer. Humidity increases PT, while wind tends to reduces PT possibly by evaporation of water vapor. The geographical distribution of summer PT indicates that the lowest PT happened in the east central region, with the appearance of the highest PT in the inland of southern region in Korea. Although the latitudinal trend shows that PT decreases northward, inland PT is higher than that of coastal region. Compared to the heat index or the discomfort index that considers air temperature and humidity, PT represents distinctive regional characteristics of thermal comfort. The distribution of PT shows that it may be a useful thermal index for the assessment of thermal comfort or stress region in the Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.35-40
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• 2013

In most cases, Geotechnical Structures installed in freezing areas require extra countermeasures for reducing freeze damage. However, in terms of domestic tunnels, studies and case reports for geotechnical structures such as tunnels and retaining walls are not fluently carried out, causing lack of research about ways to decrease freeze damage. For these causes, domestic design criteria about structures does not specifically institutionalization for geotechnical structures. This research have done on-site investigation about tunnels, cut slopes and retaining walls. Also, this research includes the process of analyzing the histories of maintenance for class 1 and class 2 structures that happened in the past 40 years, studying characteristics of structure's maintenance and reinforcement in different areas with different climate. As the result, it was analyzed that domestic geotechnical structures showed need for longer maintenance and reinforcement that are located in Gangwon mountain area, Gangwon north region and Gyeonggi north region where the temperature is relatively low. This research can be concluded in need for revision of design criteria for structures located in freeze damage area.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2009

Purpose : Among many symptoms that the climacteric patients complain of, the major symptom is heat and cold sensation of body in various pattern. So, we are intended to study patterns of climacteric patients by using D.I.T.I. Methods : We studied 55 patients visiting OO Oriental Hospital from 1st January 2008 to 31th December 2008. The patients were distributed one of patterns by inspecting D.I.T.I. And we investigated the temperature of the region of body in 5 groups. Results : There are five groups in D.I.T.I. Those are heat sensation of face pattern, heat sensation of chest pattern, cold sensation of hand & foot pattern, heat sensation of hand pattern and cold sensation of lower abdomen pattern. 22 subjects are in heat sensation of face group. 12 subjects are in heat sensation of chest group. 12 subjects are in heat sensation of hand group. 6 subjects are in cold sensation of lower abdomen group. 3 subjects are in cold sensation of hand & foot group. Conclusion : 5 patterns of D.I.T.I is showed in climacteric patients. To help oriental medical diagnosis, further studies are needed.

• Atmosphere
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.635-647
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• 2016

The effects of sea surface temperature (SST) gradient induced by the previous typhoon on the following typhoon motion over East Asia have been investigated using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for the previous Typhoon Bolaven (1215) and following Typhoon Tembin (1214). It was observed that Typhoon Bolaven remarkably reduced SST by about $7^{\circ}C$ at Yellow Sea buoy (YSbuoy). Using the WRF experiments for the imposed cold wake over West of Tembin (WT) and over East of Tembin (ET), this study demonstrates that the effects of eastward SST gradient including cold wake over WT is much significant rather than that over ET in relation to unexpected Tembin's eastward deflection. This difference between two experiments is attributed to the fact that cold wake over WT increases the magnitude of SST gradient under the eastward SST gradient around East Asia and the resultant asymmetric flow deflects Typhoon Tembin eastward, which is mainly due to the different atmospheric response to the SST forcing between ET and WT. Therefore, it implies that the enhanced eastward SST gradient over East Asia results in larger typhoon deflection toward the region of warmer SST according to the location of the cold wake effect. This result can contribute to the improvement of track prediction for typhoons influencing the Korean Peninsula

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.163-171
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• 2020

We present a multi-step cold drawing for a non-equiatomic Co₁₀Cr₁₅Fe₂₅Mn₁₀Ni₃₀V₁₀ high entropy alloy (HEA) with a simple face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure. The distribution of strain in the cold-drawn Co₁₀Cr₁₅Fe₂₅Mn₁₀Ni₃₀V₁₀ HEA wires was analyzed by the finite element method (FEM). The effective strain was expected to be higher as it was closer to the surface of the wire. However, the reverse shear strain acted to cause a transition in the shear strain behavior. The critical effective strain at which the shear strain transition behavior is completely shifted was predicted to be 4.75. Severely cold-drawn Co₁₀Cr₁₅Fe₂₅Mn₁₀Ni₃₀V₁₀ HEA wires up to 96% of the maximum cross-sectional reduction ratio were successfully manufactured without breakage. With the assistance of electron back-scattering diffraction and transmission electron microscope analyses, the abundant deformation twins were found in the region of high effective strain, which is a major strengthening mechanism for the cold-drawn Co₁₀Cr₁₅Fe₂₅Mn₁₀Ni₃₀V₁₀ HEA wire.