• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.733-738
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• 1997

순차적 양측 폐이식수술은 수술시 및 수술후 합병증이 매우 다양하며 수술후 결과가 매우 불량하다. 저자 등은 양측 폐 이식수술후의 혈역학적 변화를 연구관찰하고자 하였으며 수술후 발생할 수 있는 거부반 응을 예방하기 위하여 양측 폐재식수술을 선택,시행하였으며 폐동맥의 뒤틀림이나 협착, 좌심방내의 혈전발 생 등을 예방하기 위하여 폐동맥 및 좌심방 부위를 혈관감자로 폐쇄시킨 후 폐측 폐동맥의 전면을 절단하였고, 폐측 상하 폐정맥부위 좌심방 전면을 절단한 후 1시간동안 폐동맥 절단부위를 통해 PGEI이 함유된 I-C 용액을 주입하였고 1시간동안 I-C용액이 함유된 거즈를 이용하여 냉각을 유지하였다. 다시 5-0 prolene을 이 용하여 봉합하였다. 좌심방을 봉합할 때 내면이 외 전되게끔 everted suture 방법으로 봉합하였다. 주기관지는 완전 절단후 telescope방법으코 단단문합하였으며 폐재식 수술전후의 동맥혈 산소가스치, 대퇴동맥 및 폐동맥 압을 측정하여 비교하였으며 수술전후의 뚜렷한 혈역학적 변화는 없었다. 절단 결찰된 폐는 PcEl이 함유된 I-c용액을 폐동맥으로 4o cmHlo 압력으로 Is ~h입분의 속도로 총량이 70 mfg되도록 주입하\ulcorner으며 그후 1시간동안 냉각된 I-C용액이 함유된 거즈를 이용하여 절단된 폐를 감싸서 냉각저류보관하여 허혈성 손상을 예방함으로써 수술수기에 대한 합병증이 없는한 양측 폐 이식수술후 성 적은 양호할 것으로 생각된다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2002

한국의 겨울철 온도 조건하에서 가온에 의한 근권부의 온도조절이 잔디생육과 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 아울러 shoot의 무기성분 함량을 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 겨울철 근권부의 온도를 20$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$로 유지한 결과 대조구의 잔디는 동해로 인해 생육이 멈춘 반면 온도 처리구에서는 공시된 한지형 잔디(Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, tall fescue) 모두에서 녹색이 유지되었으며 예초를 요할 정도의 생육이 계속되었다. 그러나 들잔디의 경우 겨울철 근권부의 온도를 높여주어도 지상부의 생육은 불가능하였다. 2. 온도 처리구에서의 예초량은 tall fescue에서 가장 많았고, 엽록소 함량은 perennial ryegrass에서 가장 높았으며 Kentucky bluegrass는 안토시아닌 함량이 다른 종류에 비하여 높기 때문에 검붉은 색깔을 나타내는 shoot의 수가 많았다. 3. Shoot의 무기양분 함량은 N, P는 토양처리간에 차이가 없었고 K, Ca, Mg는 모래＋peat moss에 비하여 모래＋peat moss＋soil 처리구에서 많은 것으로 나타났다. 4. 근권부의 가온조절은 한국의 겨울철 기온하에서 한지형 잔디의 생육을 도모하고 겨울철 잔디의 녹색을 유지시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 눈 녹음을 촉진시켜 잔디의 이용률을 증진시킬 수 있는 방안으로 판단된다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 명태 양식 기술 개발 과정 중 수산생물 병원체의 영향을 알아보고자 사육수 내 총 세균수 변화, 분포와 명태에 대한 영향을 분석하였으며, 성장 단계별 명태의 병원체(세균, 기생충 및 바이러스) 조사 및 비정상 개체 발생에 대한 원인 구명을 수행하였다. 자어 단계에서 사육수의 평균 세균수는 $2.11{\times}10^3cfu/mL$로 나타났으며, 비브리오균이 52%로 가장 높게 분포하였다. 치어 및 미성어 단계에서 사육수의 세균수는 $3.43{\times}10^3cfu/mL$(슈도모나스균 90% 분포) 그리고 성어 단계에서는 $3.2{\times}10^2cfu/mL$(슈도모나스 52%)로 나타났다. 명태 사육수 세균총의 변화는 먹이생물의 종류, 공급 및 잔류량에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 판단된다. 외관상 건강한 개체에서는 대량 폐사를 일으킬 수 있는 세균, 바이러스가 검출되지 않았으나, 일부 안구돌출, 턱 주변 조직 출혈을 보이는 비정상 개체에서 아가미 새변의 기포 형성, 각막 조직 및 맥락막 주변 조직 괴사가 관찰되었다. 특히, 병변 부위에서 검출된 세균(P. fluorescens, Vibrio sp., V. pelagius, Planococcus maritumus 그리고 Pseudoalteromonas sp.)이 사육수에도 동일하게 분포하였으며, 사육 과정 중 외상 발생 이후 2차 세균 감염이 발생할 수 있음을 시사한다. 명태의 안정적인 양식 산업화를 위한 요소로 기초 질병 데이터 구축과 더불어 지속적인 질병관리가 필요하다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.334-337
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• 2012

'한라골드'는 농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 온난화대응농업연구센터에서 육성한 10월에 수확하는 황색과육 신품종이다. Actinidia chinensis cv. Golden Yellow을 모본으로 하고 A. chinensis cv. Songongu를 부본으로 하여 1997년에 교배하였다. 1999년에서 2000년까지 실생육성과 계통선발을 실시하고 2001년에서 2003년까지 특성검정을 실시하였다. 그 후 농가재배 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 2003년부터 2007년까지 제주지역의 참다래 농장에 접목을 실시하여 현장실증연구를 실시하였다. 수세는 '제시골드'보다 약간 강하지만 'Hort16A'보다는 조금 약하다. 잎의 상부는 녹색을 나타낸다. 과실의 형태는 타원형이고 과피는 녹황색을 나타내며 털이 없다. 평균과중은 106.3g이고 과심은 부드럽다. 과육색은 황색으로 과즙이 많고 부드럽다. 당도는 $14.7^{\circ}Brix$로 고당도이며 산도는 1.4%로 높은 편이다. 수확기는 10월 중하순으로 '제시골드' 품종보다 약 10일, 'Hort16A'보다 약 20일 정도 빠르다. 저장은 $2^{\circ}C$에서 90일 정도 가능하다. 이 품종은 저온과 병해를 피하기 위하여 제주지역의 해발 100m 이하의 저지대에서 비가림으로 재배하는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.144-156
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• 1998

This study has been carried out to investigate the cause, pathological mechanism and treatment of symptoms regarded as the ischemic heart disease in Nei-jing(內經). I've got the following conclusions. 1. From the side of xing-bi(胸痺), the ischemic heart disease(IHD) was caused by that the energy in one's heart wasn't extended in the way of Yin-xie(飮邪), namely waste matter of human body and symptoms and treatment wern't written. 2. From the side of xin-bi (心痺), HID was catched by the mechanisms that the blood vessel is blocked. or the heart's blood was deficient owing to the mutation of mo-bi(脈痺), the lack of yang-ming(陽明) and excessive thoughts and worry and others. The symptoms were feeling oppressed in one's brest, palpitating, sudden dyspnea, the dryness of thorat, frequent belching and the fear by the inverse flow of the energy(氣). The treatment was that the yin(陰) was cured immediately, but the yang(陽) mustn't be attacked. 3. From the side of xing-tong(心痛), IHD was suffered from by mechanisms that following the han-sa(寒邪), namely the cold makes a invasion on humanbody, the vessel was blocked, spasm, filled and the amount of blood flow was poor, or caused by injury of vessel, the inverse flow and the disease of shi-dong(是動病) of shou-shao-xin-jing(手少陰心經) and so on. The pain was cramped into the upper and lower back or lower abdomen or throat and accompanied with nausea, abdominal dropsy, constipation, the impending of breathing and so on. The cure was mainly that acupuncture was applied at the jin-su(筋縮) region or meridian in relation to symptoms, but if the pain were severe, acupuncture mustn't be applied. The prog nosis was worse. 4. From the side of xing-tonge(心痛), IHD was divided into zhen-xing-tong(眞心痛) and jue-xing-tong(厥心痛), but pi-xiog-tong(脾心痛) and wei-xing-tong(胃心痛) out of jue-xing-tong(厥心痛) also included the symptoms of the digestive disease.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.261-266
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• 1995

3 종류의 생선(광어, 새우, 굴) homogenate와 tryptic soy broth(TSB)에 Staphylococcus aureus와 Listeria monocytogenes를 접종하여 35$^{\circ}C$에서의 증식과 냉장(5$^{\circ}C$) 및 동결저장(-2$0^{\circ}C$) 하였을 때 각 세균의 거동을 조사하였다. S. aureus는 생선 homogenate와 액체배지 모두 35$^{\circ}C$에서 큰 차이없이 빠르게 증식하였다. 5$^{\circ}C$에 3주간 저장하였을 때 S. aureus는 1-1.6 log cycle 감소하였으나 -2$0^{\circ}C$에서는 6주간의 저장기간 동안 0.3-1.2 log cycle의 세균수 감소를 나타내었다. L. monocytogenes는 35$^{\circ}C$에서 광어 homogenate, 새우 homogenate와 TSB에서 증식이 빨랐으나 굴 homogenate에서는 유도기를 거친 후에 증식이 진행되었다. 5$^{\circ}C$에서 L. monocytogenes는 광어 homogenate, 새우 homogenate와 TSB에서 3주간 증식이 진행되어 세균수가 3.8-5 log cycle 증가하였으나 굴 homogenate에서는 2.2 log cycle의 증가에 불과하였다. -2$0^{\circ}C$에 6주간 저장하였을 때 L. monocytogenes의 세균수는 광어 homogenate, 새우 homogenate 및 TSB에서 1.5-1.8 log cycle 감소하였으나 굴 homogenate에서는 2.8 log cycle 감소하였다

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2011

Objectives : Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix(fuzi, 附子) and its class herbs(chaunwu, caowu etc.) are necessary for some clinical conditions, such as cold pain, chilling etc,. But, they has some poison component. And, they have been known to cause liver and kidney injury, and dangerous in the patients who has abnormal range of LFT and RFT. This study shows the consequences for aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), blood urea nitrate(BUN), and Creatinine were analyzed using samples from patients who took the decoction containing fuzi. Methods : Blood samples for Experiment Group(E) were collected from 63 patients, who took the decoction containing fuzi, admitted into the 6th internal medicine department of Dong Eui Oriental Medical Hospital between from January 2007 to March 2011. In compared to those of experiment group, blood samples as Control Group(C) were collected from 64 patients, who took the decoction not containing fuzi, admitted into the same hospital from January 2009 to April 2011. Results and Conclusions : 1. AST No changed : E 4.17%, C 2.63%, Increased : E 12.5%, C 28.95%, Decreased : E 80.33%, C 68.42% 2. ALT No changed : E2.94%, C5.13%, Increased : E 8.82%, C 20.51%, Decreased : E 88.24%, C 74.36% 3. BUN No changed : E 0%, CG 7.14%, Increased : E 32.25%, CG 14.29% Decreased : EG 67.65%, CG 78.57% 4. Creatinine No changed : EG 5.00%, CG 0%, Increased : EG 35.00%, CG 54.55% Decreased : EG 60.00%, CG 45.45% 5. The results suggest that the decoction containing fuzi isn't harmful AST, ALT, BUN, Cr of the patients who has high range of them.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2009

Background: The neuropathic pain arising from nerve injury is difficult to treat and the therapeutic effects of opioid drugs remain debatable. Agonists acting at the ${\alpha}_2$ adrenergic and opioid receptors have analgesic properties and they act synergistically when co-administered in the spinal cord. The lack of subtype-selective pharmacological agents has previously impeded the synergistic effects that are mediated by the adrenergic receptor subtypes. Methods: We created neuropathic pain model by ligating the L5 spinal nerve in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 18). We divided the rats into three groups (n = 6 for each group), and we administered intraperitoneal morphine (1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg) and then we measured the mechanical allodynia with using von-Frey filaments for 8 hours. We then injected morphine (5 mg/kg) intraperitoneally, twice a day for 2 weeks. We measured the tactile and cold allodynia in the morphine group (n = 9) and the saline group (n = 9). After 2 weeks, we decapitated the rats and harvested the spinal cords at the level of lumbar enlargement. We compared the ${\alpha}_2$ subtype mRNA expression with that of control group (n = 6) by performing real time polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). Results: Intraperitoneal morphine reduced the neuropathic pain behavior in the dose-dependent manner. Chronic morphine administration showed an antiallodynic effect on the neuropathic pain rat model. The rats did not display tolerance or hyperalgesia. The expression of the mRNAs of the ${\alpha}_{2A}$, ${\alpha}_{2B}$, ${\alpha}_{2C}$ subtypes decreased, and morphine attenuated this effect. But we could not get statistically proven results. Conclusions: Systemic administration of morphine can attenuate allodynia during both the short-term and long-term time course. Morphine has an influence on the expression of ${\alpha}_2$ receptor subtype mRNA. Yet we need more research to determine the precise effect of morphine on the ${\alpha}_2$ subtype gene expression.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.510-516
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• 2013

Background This paper discusses the treatment protocol for patients with frostbite. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of a series of 17 patients with second- and higher-degree frostbite who had been treated at our medical institution between 2010 and 2012. Results Our clinical series of patients (n=17) included 13 men and four women, whose mean age was $42.4{\pm}11.6$ years (range, 22-67 years). The sites of injury include the foot in six patients (35.3%), the hand in six patients (35.3%) and the facial region in five patients (29.4%). Seven patients with second-degree frostbite were completely cured with only conservative treatment during a mean period of $12.7{\pm}3.3$ days (range, 8-16 days). Of the five patients with third-degree frostbite, two underwent skin grafting following debridement, and the remaining three achieved a complete cure with conservative treatment during a mean period of $35{\pm}4.3$ days (range, 29-39 days). Five patients with fourth-degree frostbite were treated with surgical procedures including amputation. Conclusions With the appropriate conservative management in the early stage of onset, surgeons should decide on surgery after waiting for a sufficient period of time until the demarcation of the wound. Continuous management of patients is also needed to achieve functional recovery after a complete cure has been achieved. This should also be accompanied by patient education for the avoidance of re-exposure to cold environments.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.605-612
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• 2000

Background: Ischemic preconditioning enhances the tolerance of myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury, with the enhancement of the recovery of post-ischemic myocardial function. This study was disigned to assess whether the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning could provide one additional hour of myocardial preservation in four hour myocardial ischemia in a rate heart. Material and method: Fourty four Spargue-Dawley rats, weighing 300~450gm, were divided into four groups. Group 1(n=7) and group 3(n=12) were subjected to 30 minutes of aerobic Langendorff perfusion without ischemic preconditioning and then preserved in saline solution at 2~4$^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours and 5 respectively. Group 2(n=7) and group 4(n=18) were perfused in the same way for 20 minutes, followed by 3 minutes of global mormothermic ischemia and 10 minutes of perfusion and then preserved in the same cold saline solution for 4 hours and 5 hours respectively. Heart rate, left ventricular developed pressure(LVDP), and coronary flow were measured at 15 minutes during perfusion as baseline. Spontaneous defibrillation time was measured after reperfusion. Heart rate, LVDP, and coronary flow were also recorded at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and 45 minutes during reperfusion. Samples of the apical left ventricular wall were studied using a transmission electron microscope. Result: Time of spontaneous defibrillation(TSD) was significantly longer in group 4 than in group 1(p<0.001), and TSD in group 1 was significantly longer in comparision to that of group 2(p<0.05). Heart rate at 45 minutes was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 4(p<0.05). Heart rate at 15 min was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1(p<0.001) and in group 4 than in group 3(p<0.05). Left ventricular developed pressure(LVDP) at 30 minutes and 45 minutes was higher in group 1 than in group 4(p<0.01), LVDP at 45 minutes was higher in group 4 than in group 3(p<0.05). Rate-pressure product(RPP) at 30 minutes and 45 minutes was higher in group 1 than in group 4(p<0.05). RPP at 15 minutes was higher in group 2 than in group 1(p<0.01). RPP at 30 minutes and 45 minutes was higher in group 4 than in group 3(p<0.05). Group 2 showed relatively less sarcoplasmic edema and less nuclear chromatin clearance than group 1. Group 4 showed less myocardial cell damage than group 3, group 4 showed less myocardial cell damage than group 3, group 4 showed more myocardial cell edema than group 1. Conclusion: Ischemic preconditioning enhanced the recovery of postischemic myocardial function after 4 hours and 5 hours preservation. However, it was not demonstrated that ischemic preconditioning could definitely provide one additional hour of myocardial preservation in four hour myocardial ischemia in a rat heart.